O transplante de células tronco hematopoéticas alogênico e autogênico na leucemia mielóide aguda em primeira remissão completa: analise de 62 pacientes. Os pacientes foram submetidos a transplante de células tronco hematopoéticas alogênico e autogênico. Ao final do estudo estavam vivos no alogênico 43,3% e no autogênico 62,5%. Consolidação intensiva teve melhor sobrevida no alogênico. Os pacientes com DECH aguda grau II tiveram melhor sobrevida. Dois pacientes com DECH crônica extensa morreram. Óbito por infecção ocorreu com maior freqüência no alogênico seguido de recidiva. No autogênico a recidiva foi a principal causa de óbito. Morte por toxicidade ocorreu em 47% dos pacientes que foram a óbito no alogênico e em 8,3% no autogênico. Na analise múltipla de Cox a consolidação intensiva e DECH crônica, tiveram significância. / The allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: analyses of 62 patients. The patients were submitted to allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The end of the study were kept alive in allogeneic 43,3% and in autologous 65,2%. Patient in allogeneic who were consolidated had better survival. Patients with acute GVHD grade II had better survival. Two patients with chronic GVHD in intense, died. Infection was the most frequent dead cause in allogeneic following relapse. In autologous the relapse was the principal cause of death. Toxicity occurred in 47% of patients who died in allogeneic and 8,3% in autologous. In cox multiple analyses intensive consolidation and chronic GVHD had significance.

A prática de 18 procedimentos de rastreamento foi avaliada em profissionais de saúde de um hospital terciário, com idade entre 40 e 69 anos. Dos 364 profissionais elegíveis sorteados, foram entrevistados 333 (91%): 170 auxiliares de enfermagem, 137 médicos e 26 enfermeiras. A realização de procedimentos de rastreamento não recomendados, ou com evidência insuficiente para recomendação, foi relatada por expressiva proporção dos profissionais: eletrocardiograma - 48%, RX de tórax - 57%, dosagem de PSA - 66%, hemograma - 74%. Por outro lado, quase um terço (29%) não havia medido a Pressão Arterial como rastreamento, e apenas quatro (1%) haviam realizado pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes. Esses resultados mostram a necessidade de melhor divulgação entre profissionais de saúde das diretrizes sobre rastreamento / The use of 18 screeming procedure was evaluated in health professionals of a terciary hospital, aged 40-69 years. Of the 364 drafted eligible professionals, 333 (91%) had been interviewed: 170 nurses assistant, 137 physician and 26 nurses. The realization of not recommended screening procedure, or with insufficient evidence to recomendation, was related by expressive proportion of the professionals: electrocardiogram - 48%, chest x-ray - 57%, PSA - 66%, hemogram - 74%. On the other hand, almost one third (29%) hadn't measured the blood pressure as screening, and only four (1%) had realized fecal occult blood tests. These results shows the necessity of a better divulgation among health professionals about the screening guidelines

Com o intuito de estudar a histopatologia da placenta na insuficiência grave desse órgão, foram selecionados preparados histológicos de 140 placentas oriundas de gestações com diástole zero (DZ) ou diástole reversa (DR) à dopplervelocimetria das artérias umbilicais, acompanhadas no Setor de Avaliação da Vitalidade Fetal da Clínica Obstétrica do HCFMUSP, de 1992 a 2000. Para tal fim, foram revisadas as lâminas histológicas arquivadas na Divisão de Anatomia Patológica do HCFMUSP. Em etapa inicial, foi efetuado um estudo descritivo das lesões encontradas e relatadas, em freqüência, no grupo de DZ e no grupo de DR. Na segunda etapa, os casos foram discriminados em cinco grupos, segundo uma classificação etiopatogênica, para cotejá-los aos aspectos clínicos como: idade gestacional (IG) no nascimento, ocorrência de restrição do crescimento fetal (RCF), peso do recém-nascido (RN) e peso da placenta. Em complemento, os grupos constituídos foram relacionados à gravidade da insuficiência placentária, confrontando-se os grupos de DZ e DR.A análise histopatológica demonstrou que o infarto viloso foi o tipo de lesão isolada mais freqüente, e que o Grupo 2 (Lesões envolvendo patologia vascular uteroplacentária e dano em vilosidades secundárias), foi o grupo etiopatogênico mais freqüente na população geral. Não houve correlação dos achados histológicos com a IG no nascimento, RCF e peso do RN. Nas placentas gravemente insuficientes (DR), a proporção de infartos vilosos, trombose intervilosa e as lesões pertencentes ao grupo 3 (lesões envolvendo coagulação) foi significativamente maior do que nas de gravidade menor (DZ). O conhecimento mais profundo dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos na insuficiência placentária, cujos reflexos se manifestam nos achados histopatológicos, são essenciais para a busca de novas alternativas para promover melhorias na condução desses casos, principalmente no que concerne à instituição de terapêutica específica e adequada. No presente trabalho ficou evidente a importância da presença de lesões envolvendo coagulação como marcadores de gravidade na insuficiência placentária. / Histological features of 140 placentas from pregnancies with absent or reversed end-diastolic velocity flow were selected for the study of placental histopathology in cases of severe failure of the organ. All the pregnancies were followed-up in the Fetal Surveillance Unit of the Department of Obstetrics - HC FMUSP, from 1992 to 2000. For this purpose, the review of the histological features archived in the Department of Pathology - HCFMUSP was performed. The first step of the process involved a descriptive study of the findings reported, in frequency, in the AEDVF and REDVF groups. In the following step, cases were separated into five groups, according to an etiopathogenic classification, for the purpose of comparing clinical aspects such as: gestational age at birth, occurrence of fetal growth restriction, newborn weight and placental weight.In addition, the correlation between those groups and the severity of placental insufficiency/failure was analyzed, and both groups of absent and reversed end-diastolic velocity flow were compared. The histopathological analysis showed that villous infarcts were the most frequent lesion found in the histological features, and Group 2 (lesions involving uteroplacental vascular pathology and secondary villous damage) was the most frequent etiopathogenic group in general population. No correlation was found between the histological findings and gestational age, fetal growth restriction and weight of the newborn. In those placentas in which severe failure was detected, the proportional rate of villous infarcts, intervillous thrombosis and lesions found in Group 3 (lesions involving coagulation) was significantly higher than in those with less severe failure (absent end-diastolic velocity flow). Further studies of the pathophysiological mechanisms of placental insufficiency which result in the histopathological findings are essential for improving the follow-up in those cases, principally when specific and appropriate therapy is considered. In this study, the importance of the presence of lesions presenting coagulation as markers of severity in the placental insufficiency is evident.

Com o intuito de estudar a histopatologia da placenta na insuficiência grave desse órgão, foram selecionados preparados histológicos de 140 placentas oriundas de gestações com diástole zero (DZ) ou diástole reversa (DR) à dopplervelocimetria das artérias umbilicais, acompanhadas no Setor de Avaliação da Vitalidade Fetal da Clínica Obstétrica do HCFMUSP, de 1992 a 2000. Para tal fim, foram revisadas as lâminas histológicas arquivadas na Divisão de Anatomia Patológica do HCFMUSP. Em etapa inicial, foi efetuado um estudo descritivo das lesões encontradas e relatadas, em freqüência, no grupo de DZ e no grupo de DR. Na segunda etapa, os casos foram discriminados em cinco grupos, segundo uma classificação etiopatogênica, para cotejá-los aos aspectos clínicos como: idade gestacional (IG) no nascimento, ocorrência de restrição do crescimento fetal (RCF), peso do recém-nascido (RN) e peso da placenta. Em complemento, os grupos constituídos foram relacionados à gravidade da insuficiência placentária, confrontando-se os grupos de DZ e DR.A análise histopatológica demonstrou que o infarto viloso foi o tipo de lesão isolada mais freqüente, e que o Grupo 2 (Lesões envolvendo patologia vascular uteroplacentária e dano em vilosidades secundárias), foi o grupo etiopatogênico mais freqüente na população geral. Não houve correlação dos achados histológicos com a IG no nascimento, RCF e peso do RN. Nas placentas gravemente insuficientes (DR), a proporção de infartos vilosos, trombose intervilosa e as lesões pertencentes ao grupo 3 (lesões envolvendo coagulação) foi significativamente maior do que nas de gravidade menor (DZ). O conhecimento mais profundo dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos na insuficiência placentária, cujos reflexos se manifestam nos achados histopatológicos, são essenciais para a busca de novas alternativas para promover melhorias na condução desses casos, principalmente no que concerne à instituição de terapêutica específica e adequada. No presente trabalho ficou evidente a importância da presença de lesões envolvendo coagulação como marcadores de gravidade na insuficiência placentária. / Histological features of 140 placentas from pregnancies with absent or reversed end-diastolic velocity flow were selected for the study of placental histopathology in cases of severe failure of the organ. All the pregnancies were followed-up in the Fetal Surveillance Unit of the Department of Obstetrics - HC FMUSP, from 1992 to 2000. For this purpose, the review of the histological features archived in the Department of Pathology - HCFMUSP was performed. The first step of the process involved a descriptive study of the findings reported, in frequency, in the AEDVF and REDVF groups. In the following step, cases were separated into five groups, according to an etiopathogenic classification, for the purpose of comparing clinical aspects such as: gestational age at birth, occurrence of fetal growth restriction, newborn weight and placental weight.In addition, the correlation between those groups and the severity of placental insufficiency/failure was analyzed, and both groups of absent and reversed end-diastolic velocity flow were compared. The histopathological analysis showed that villous infarcts were the most frequent lesion found in the histological features, and Group 2 (lesions involving uteroplacental vascular pathology and secondary villous damage) was the most frequent etiopathogenic group in general population. No correlation was found between the histological findings and gestational age, fetal growth restriction and weight of the newborn. In those placentas in which severe failure was detected, the proportional rate of villous infarcts, intervillous thrombosis and lesions found in Group 3 (lesions involving coagulation) was significantly higher than in those with less severe failure (absent end-diastolic velocity flow). Further studies of the pathophysiological mechanisms of placental insufficiency which result in the histopathological findings are essential for improving the follow-up in those cases, principally when specific and appropriate therapy is considered. In this study, the importance of the presence of lesions presenting coagulation as markers of severity in the placental insufficiency is evident.

O transplante de células tronco hematopoéticas alogênico e autogênico na leucemia mielóide aguda em primeira remissão completa: analise de 62 pacientes. Os pacientes foram submetidos a transplante de células tronco hematopoéticas alogênico e autogênico. Ao final do estudo estavam vivos no alogênico 43,3% e no autogênico 62,5%. Consolidação intensiva teve melhor sobrevida no alogênico. Os pacientes com DECH aguda grau II tiveram melhor sobrevida. Dois pacientes com DECH crônica extensa morreram. Óbito por infecção ocorreu com maior freqüência no alogênico seguido de recidiva. No autogênico a recidiva foi a principal causa de óbito. Morte por toxicidade ocorreu em 47% dos pacientes que foram a óbito no alogênico e em 8,3% no autogênico. Na analise múltipla de Cox a consolidação intensiva e DECH crônica, tiveram significância. / The allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: analyses of 62 patients. The patients were submitted to allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The end of the study were kept alive in allogeneic 43,3% and in autologous 65,2%. Patient in allogeneic who were consolidated had better survival. Patients with acute GVHD grade II had better survival. Two patients with chronic GVHD in intense, died. Infection was the most frequent dead cause in allogeneic following relapse. In autologous the relapse was the principal cause of death. Toxicity occurred in 47% of patients who died in allogeneic and 8,3% in autologous. In cox multiple analyses intensive consolidation and chronic GVHD had significance.

A prática de 18 procedimentos de rastreamento foi avaliada em profissionais de saúde de um hospital terciário, com idade entre 40 e 69 anos. Dos 364 profissionais elegíveis sorteados, foram entrevistados 333 (91%): 170 auxiliares de enfermagem, 137 médicos e 26 enfermeiras. A realização de procedimentos de rastreamento não recomendados, ou com evidência insuficiente para recomendação, foi relatada por expressiva proporção dos profissionais: eletrocardiograma - 48%, RX de tórax - 57%, dosagem de PSA - 66%, hemograma - 74%. Por outro lado, quase um terço (29%) não havia medido a Pressão Arterial como rastreamento, e apenas quatro (1%) haviam realizado pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes. Esses resultados mostram a necessidade de melhor divulgação entre profissionais de saúde das diretrizes sobre rastreamento / The use of 18 screeming procedure was evaluated in health professionals of a terciary hospital, aged 40-69 years. Of the 364 drafted eligible professionals, 333 (91%) had been interviewed: 170 nurses assistant, 137 physician and 26 nurses. The realization of not recommended screening procedure, or with insufficient evidence to recomendation, was related by expressive proportion of the professionals: electrocardiogram - 48%, chest x-ray - 57%, PSA - 66%, hemogram - 74%. On the other hand, almost one third (29%) hadn't measured the blood pressure as screening, and only four (1%) had realized fecal occult blood tests. These results shows the necessity of a better divulgation among health professionals about the screening guidelines

BACKGROUND: Clinical evidence shows that diabetes may provoke uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. However, racial differences in the associations of diabetes with uncontrolled BP outcomes among diagnosed hypertensive patients have not been evaluated. METHODS: A total of 6,134 diagnosed hypertensive subjects aged ≥ 20 years were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2008 with a stratified multistage design. Odds ratios (ORs) and relative ORs of uncontrolled BP and effect differences in continuous BP for diabetes over race/ethnicity were derived using weighted logistic regression and linear regression models. RESULTS: Compared with participants who did not have diabetes, non-Hispanic black participants with diabetes had a 138% higher chance of having uncontrolled BP, Mexican participants with diabetes had a 60% higher chance of having uncontrolled BP, and non-Hispanic white participants with diabetes had a 161% higher chances of having uncontrolled BP. The association of diabetes with uncontrolled BP was lower in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic blacks and whites (Mexican Americans vs. non-Hispanic blacks: relative OR = 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.37-0.82; Mexican Americans vs. non-Hispanic whites: relative OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.35-0.80) and the association of diabetes with isolated uncontrolled systolic BP was lower in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic whites (Mexican Americans vs. non-Hispanic whites: relative OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40-0.96). Mexican Americans have a stronger association of diabetes with decreased systolic BP and diastolic BP than non-Hispanic whites, and a stronger association of diabetes with decreased diastolic BP than non-Hispanic blacks. CONCLUSIONS: The association of diabetes with uncontrolled BP outcomes is lower despite higher prevalence of diabetes in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic whites. The stronger association of diabetes with BP outcomes in whites should be of clinical concern, considering they account for the majority of the hypertensive population in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects is transmitted from person to person. Its prevalence is higher in the institutionalized setting. If that is the case, persons involved in patient care should have a higher prevalence of the infection. METHODS: We estimated the prevalence of H pylori antibodies among groups of asymptomatic medical and nursing staff and compared them with volunteer blood donors of similar age and sex. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-eight nurses and aides, 59 residents, 46 senior medical students, and 22 senior nursing students were enrolled in this study. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies against H pylori by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sixty-two (39%) of 158 nurses were found to be positive for antibodies to H pylori compared with 114 (26%) of 441 specimens from the blood donor group. Within the youngest age group (20 to 34 years), 13 (25%) of 51 nurses were positive for H pylori antibodies compared with 19 (13%) of 143 age-matched serum samples from the blood donor group. Within the middle age group (35 to 49 years), 32 (39%) of 83 nurses were positive for H pylori antibodies vs 43 (26%) of 167 age-matched blood donors. In the oldest age group (> 50 years), 17 (71%) of 24 nurses were positive for H pylori antibodies compared with 52 (40%) of 131 age-matched blood donors. Twenty-three (27%) of 86 nurses with 1 to 15 years of occupational exposure were positive for H pylori antibodies compared with 40 (56%) of 72 nurses with more than 15 years of occupational exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses have an increased prevalence of H pylori antibodies that is significantly higher than the comparable prevalence of volunteer blood donors and is evident in the youngest age group. In addition, the increased prevalence is related to a longer duration of patient exposure in the nursing group.

Det övergripande syftet med den här avhandlingen har varit att, inom området läkemedelsinformatik, studera utvecklingen av elektroniska stöd inom läkemedelsförskrivning; för klinisk praxis, uppföljning och forskning. Under århundraden har det handskrivna receptet varit det sätt, med vilket läkare förmedlat sina läkemedelsordinationer till apotekare, vilket också för patienten blivit en informationskälla för hur läkemedel ska användas för att göra bästa nytta. Nu genomgår receptet en förändring från pappersbaserat till elektroniskt meddelande och att anpassa en traditionell process till en ny elektronisk era innebär både möjligheter och utmaningar. Studierna som ingår i avhandlingen har visat att exponeringen av förskrivna läkemedel i en allmän befolkning har ökat under de senaste tre decennierna. Risken för potentiella interaktioner mellan läkemedel, varmed avses den risk som finns att olika läkemedel kan påverka varandras effekter och biverkningar, har också visat sig öka starkt desto fler läkemedel som används av en individ. Denna ökade samtidiga användning av flera olika läkemedel, så kallad polyfarmaci, medför att det finns en större anledning för förskrivare och farmacevter att uppmärksamma risken för potentiella interaktioner mellan läkemedel. De nyinrättade nationella receptregistren över uthämtad receptförskriven medicin bör användas bland annat för att upptäcka potentiella läkemedelsinteraktioner, såväl i vårdens utövning som inom läkemedelsepidemiologisk forskning. Den svenska läkemedelsförteckningen, som omfattar information om uthämtade receptförskrivna läkemedel för huvuddelen av den svenska befolkningen, bedöms ha en stor klinisk potential. Den enskilde individens historiska information om uthämtade läkemedel är tillgänglig för individen på Internet med hjälp av e-legitimation; även förskrivare och farmacevter på apotek kan ta del av informationen med den enskildes samtycke. Brist på tillgång till enhetliga och säkra autenticeringsmetoder inom hälso- och sjukvården kan dock fördröja tillgången på individuell läkemedelsinformation för förskrivare. I och med att de flesta recepten i Sverige nu skrivs och överförs elektroniskt är det viktigt att kvalitetsmässiga aspekter tas tillvara så att en iakttagen ökad risk för receptförskrivningsfel inte överförs i informationskedjan. Avhandlingens slutsats är att e-förskrivning, med kommunikation och användning av lagrad information om receptexpeditioner, möjliggör att läkemedelsbehandling som process kan följas och studeras på ett helt nytt / The thesis aimed to study the developments, in the area of pharmacoinformatics, of the electronic prescribing and dispensing processes of drugs - in medical praxis, follow-up, and research. For hundreds of years, the written prescription has been the method of choice for physicians to communicate decisions on drug therapy and for pharmacists to dispense medication. Successively the prescription has also become a source of information for the patient about how to use the medication to maximize its benefit. Currently, the medical prescription is at a transitional stage between paper and web, and to adapt a traditional process to the new electronic era offers both opportunities and challenges The studies in the thesis have shown that the exposure of prescribed drugs in the general population has increased considerably over three decades. The risk of receiving potentially interacting drugs was also strongly correlated to the concomitant use of multiple drugs, polypharmacy. The pronounced increase in polypharmacy over time constitutes a growing reason for prescribers and pharmacists to be aware of drug interactions. Still, there were relatively few severe potential drug interactions. Recently established national prescription registers should be evaluated for drug interaction vigilance, both clinically and epidemiologically. The Swedish National Pharmacy Register provides prescription dispensing information for the majority of the population. The medication history in the register may be accessed online to improve drug utilization, by registered individuals, prescribers, and pharmacists in a safe and secure way. Lack of widespread secure digital signatures in healthcare may delay general availability. With a relatively high prevalence of dispensed drugs in the population, the National Pharmacy Register seems justified in evaluating individual medication history. With a majority of prescriptions transferred as ePrescriptions, the detected increased risk for prescription errors warrants quality improvement, if the full potential of ePrescriptions is to be fulfilled. The main conclusion of the studies was that ePrescribing with communication of prescribed drug information, storing and retrieving dispensed drug information, offers new opportunities for clinical and scientific

A comunicação escrita consiste, ainda hoje, no principal veículo de divulgação das pesquisas científicas, sendo feita basicamente por meio de documentos convencionais, como livros e artigos de revistas. A mensuração da produção científica de determinada Entidade de Ensino Superior pode contribuir para um melhor direcionamento de verbas ou mesmo de ações acadêmicas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo traçar um panorama da produção científica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), de seus professores titulares (MS-6), ativos entre 2001-2006, usando como referência a base de dados Medline/PubMed. Dos registros encontrados, foram identificadas as revistas científicas, seu fator de impacto e as citações dos artigos. Após identificação dos 66 docentes (MS-6) foram recuperados 1.960 artigos científicos em 630 títulos de revistas científicas, sendo 3,8% em revistas nacionais e 96,2% em internacionais. Nas revistas internacionais o fator de impacto variou de 0.062 a 51.296 (JCR/2006). As citações foram pesquisadas na base de dados Web of Science/ISI Thomson, sendo que 45% dos artigos foram citados por outros pesquisadores, totalizando 9.335 citações. Os resultados desta pesquisa parecem indicar ser possível a análise da produção científica dos professores titulares de uma Instituição, não somente pela posição na carreira acadêmica como também pela chance maior de esses docentes agregarem em seus projetos membros do mesmo departamento ou de outros da Instituição. O elevado número de artigos publicados em revistas científicas nacionais e internacionais com penetração na comunidade científica contribui para a repercussão e visibilidade das publicações e pesquisas desenvolvidas nesta Instituição. / The Scientific production of higher education schools/institutions as well as its dissemination and use by peer institutions are measured by means of quantitative and qualitative measurements, which may also contribute to serving other academic purposes. Variables such as type of evaluation, number of faculty members, whether to include researchers that are not professors are frequently difficult to measure when comparing diverse schools/institutions. The purpose of this study was to assess the 2001-2006 scientific production of tenured faculty from the Universidade de ou São Paulo University Medical School indexed at Medline/PubMed database. The articles found were sorted out according to the journals in which they had been published, their impact factor, and how many times they had been cited. This study identified 66 professors/researchers and 1,960 articles, which were registered on an Excell spreadsheet. There were 630 journals found, 24 of which were national and 606 international. The impact factor of the international journals ranged from 0.062 to 51.296 (JCR/2006). As verified at Web of Science/ISI Thomson database, 45% of these articles were cited by peer researchers, totaling 9,335 citations. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to evaluate the scientific production of a school/institution by means of the production of its tenured faculty, not only because of their academic standing, but also because their projects tend to bring together other faculty members from the same school/department or other schools/departments at the same institution. The large number of articles published in international journals contributes to making this institutions scientific production known to the international academic community.