Text in Afrikaans / Daar is 'n toenemende bewuswording van die noodsaaklikheid van effektiewe beskerming vir minderhede. Die rede vir hierdie toenemende erkenning aan die behoefte aan minderheidsbeskerming is waarskynlik toe te skryf aan die beset dat dit nie alleen die minderheidsaandeelhouers is wat skade ly in geval van benadelende optrede nie, maar ook die ekonomie. Maatskappye word ingevolge die beginsel van meerderheidsbewind bestuur, met die gevolg dat die minderheid onderworpe is aan die wil van die meerderheid. Die minderheid kan hulself hierdeur in 'n onbenydenswaardige posisie bevind, veral indien die meerderheid hul mag aanwend om hul eie belange te bevorder. Gemeenregtelik is die reel in Foss v Harbottle 'n struikelblok vir minderheidsaandeelhouers wat gedingvoering beoog. In 'n poging om die gebrekkige gemeenregtelike beskerming van minderhede te ondervang, is bepaalde statutere maatreels ingevoer. Die evaluasie van hierdie maatreels geskied aan die hand van 'n regsvergelykende ondersoek na verskeie buitelandse stelsels, waarvan die van Nieu-Seeland en Kanada uit staan vanwee die innoverende aard van hul statutere beskermingsmaatreels. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die beskerming wat die Suid-Afrikaanse statutere maatreels aan minderhede bied, onbevredigend is om verskeie redes. Eerstens is hierdie maatreels dikwels te eng bewoord wat daartoe lei dat die aanwendingsveld van die maatreels beperk is. Tweedens hou die maatreels nie tred met ontwikkelings elders in die wereld en veranderende omstandighede en behoeftes in die praktyk nie. Derdens ontbreek goed geformuleerde remedies wat aanvullend tot artikel 252 van die Wet sal wees. Daar is verder bevind dat ad hocwysigings van bestaande maatreels nie die gewenste resultaat gaan bereik nie en 'n algehele hervorming van die Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappyereg word aanbeveel. Ten slotte word konkrete voorstelle in die vorm van konsepwetgewing gemaak en word vergesel van verduidelikende notas. Hierdie wetgewing is hoofsaaklik aan die hand van die Nieu-Seelandse en Kanadese modelle geformuleer. / There is a growing awareness of the need for effective protection of minority shareholders. This can probably be ascribed to the acknowledgement of the fact that prejudicial conduct harms not only minority shareholders, but also the economy at large. Companies are governed by the principle of majority rule; consequently the minority is subjected to the will of the majority. This often places the minority in an invidious position, especially when the majority use their power to further their own interests. The rule in Foss v Harbottle presents a stumbling block to minority shareholder action. Certain statutory measures have been introduced in an effort to counter defective minority protection. These statutory measures are evaluated in the light of a comparative study of several foreign jurisdictions, the most prominent of which are New Zealand and Canada, because of the innovative nature of the measures which they employ. The conclusion arrived at is that, for various reasons, the protection afforded minorities by the South African statutory measures is unsatisfactory. Firstly, the wording of these measures is narrowly construed; this in turn results in a narrow field of application. Secondly, these measures are not in step with developments elsewhere in the world and with the changing circumstances and needs in practice. Thirdly, well-formulated remedies needed in order to supplement section 252 of the Act are non-existent. It has also been found that ad hoc amendments of existing measures will not achieve the required result, and consequently a complete reform of South African company law is recommended. Finally, specific recommendations in the form of draft legislation are made; these are accompanied by explanatory notes. This draft legislation was formulated primarily along the lines of the New Zealand and Canadian models. / Private Law / LL.D.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:35:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emerson_Nogueira_Sales.pdf: 3549816 bytes, checksum: f538ff67f65baa2727ce0452ad14fcab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-02 / In Brazil there were more than 6000 mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the last ten years, these operations have been the subject of research on its effects, resulting in differing conclusions as to the consequences of these operations, especially in relation to the benefits to shareholders regarding the creation of economic value, motivating this research to seek possible theoretical explanations and empirical confirmation about F&A. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate whether the M&A events occurred between years 2000 and 2010 in companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA created shareholder value. Variables Tobin's Q and the EVA?? were used as proxies for value creation. Data of 83 transactions M&A were analyzed in 28 purchasing companies or resulting companies, seeking to observe the behavior of the variables after the announcement of the transaction within 36 months and for the remainder of the period (ten years) where there was data availability. Also, the data allowed comparison between results of the sample's averages and the averages of others companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA non-sampled. The results showed symmetry with those of most previous studies demonstrating that M&A did not affect the creation of value for any of the studied variables and that the variables had negative growth over the first 36 months and had continued showing a decline when it was possible to analyze by remainder of the period, and showed symmetry with the results of the companies non-sampled / No Brasil ocorreram mais de 6 mil transa????es de fus??es e aquisi????es (F&A) nos ??ltimos dez anos, e estas opera????es tem sido alvo de pesquisas acerca dos seus efeitos, resultando em conclus??es divergentes quanto aos reflexos destas opera????es, principalmente a respeito dos benef??cios aos acionistas no tocante ?? cria????o de valor econ??mico, motivando esta pesquisa a buscar explica????es te??ricas poss??veis de confirma????o emp??rica acerca das F&A. Desta forma, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar se as opera????es de F&A ocorridos entre 2000 a 2010 em empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA criaram valor para os acionistas. Foram utilizadas como proxies para cria????o de valor as vari??veis Q de Tobin e o EVA??. Foram analisados dados de 83 transa????es de F&A em 28 empresas adquirentes ou resultantes, buscando observar o comportamento das vari??veis ap??s o an??ncio das transa????es em at?? 36 meses e tamb??m para o restante do per??odo (dez anos) nos casos em que houve a disponibilidade dos dados, bem como permitiu a compara????o com os resultados das m??dias entre a amostra e as m??dias das demais empresas listadas na bolsa. Os resultados obtidos guardam simetria com aqueles da maioria dos estudos anteriores demonstrando que as F&A n??o influenciaram a cria????o de valor por nenhuma das vari??veis estudadas e que as vari??veis apresentaram varia????o negativa ao longo dos primeiros 36 meses e continuaram mostrando o decl??nio quando puderam ser acompanhados pelo restante do per??odo, e mostraram simetria com os resultados das empresas que n??o pertenciam ?? amostra

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2015-12-21T14:12:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Ana_Cristina_Russo_Nascimento.pdf: 9067895 bytes, checksum: f5d0854e1572e991b963b73b2414e563 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-21T14:12:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Ana_Cristina_Russo_Nascimento.pdf: 9067895 bytes, checksum: f5d0854e1572e991b963b73b2414e563 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-04 / It has been a challenge for companies and scholars the issue of alignment of interest between owners and executives, called agency problems. Among its various views and administrative tools, created with the purpose of mitigating these problems the salary of the executive which can be a tool of encouragement when it is compensated in a variable way linked to purposes which set challenges to add value to the companies and thus a higher return to stockholders. There are claims in this context that the remuneration models which determine long-term goals are more appropriate, once they enable measure tangible results for organizations. Thereforeaim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence of variable remuneration linked to long-term goals and business performance as well as the behavior of that financial performance by business sector. One hundred fifty-fivepublicly traded companies were analyzed in 2010, which information has been extracted from References Forms (FR). The indicators used were Enterprise Value, EBITDA and Total Return to Shareholders (TRS), constructed with data provided by the Econom??tica System, for the period from 2010 to 2013. The significance of variables was tested using the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), and the figure which was carried out showed statistical significance the impact on the type of remuneration on the financial performance of the sample only for the indicator Enterprise Value, the results suggested that the long-term goal linked to the remuneration can positively influence the company's performance. / A quest??o do alinhamento de interesse entre acionistas e executivos, denominada problemas do agente-principal, tem sido um desafio para empresas e estudiosos. Dentre seus diversos aspectos e ferramentas administrativas, criados com o prop??sito de mitigar esses problemas, est?? a remunera????o do executivo que pode ser instrumento de incentivo, quando paga de modo vari??vel atrelada a finalidades que estabele??am desafios para agregar valor ??s empresas e, assim, maior retorno aos acionistas. Nesse contexto, h?? afirma????es de que os modelos de remunera????o que determinam metas de longo prazo s??o mais adequados, uma vez que possibilitam aferir resultados concretos para as organiza????es. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo ?? verificar a rela????o entre a presen??a de remunera????o vari??vel atrelada a metas de longo prazo e o desempenho empresarial, bem como o comportamento do referido desempenho financeiro por setor de atividade. Foram analisadas 155 empresas de capital aberto no ano de 2010, cujas informa????es foram extra??das dos Formul??rios de Refer??ncias (FR). Os indicadores empregados foram Valor da Empresa, LAJIDA e Retorno Total ao Acionista (RTA), constru??dos com dados fornecidos pelo sistema Econom??tica, para o per??odo de 2010 a 2013. A signific??ncia das vari??veis foi testada recorrendo ao m??todo dos M??nimos Quadrados Ordin??rios (MQO), e as estimativas realizadas mostraram signific??ncia estat??stica do impacto do tipo de remunera????o sobre o desempenho financeiro da amostra apenas para o indicador Valor da Empresa, cujos resultados sugeriram que o objetivo de longo prazo vinculado ?? remunera????o pode influenciar positivamente o desempenho da empresa.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Economics and Finance / Master / Master of Philosophy

Univ., Diss. u.d.T.: Kyriakakis, Konstantinos: Die Überwachung des Managements einer US-amerikanischen Aktiengesellschaft durch institutionelle Anleger--Osnabrück, 2000. / Nebent.: Überwachung des Managements durch institutionelle Anleger.

Zugleich: Diss. Regensburg, 2008. / Literaturverz.

Text in Afrikaans / Daar is 'n toenemende bewuswording van die noodsaaklikheid van effektiewe beskerming vir minderhede. Die rede vir hierdie toenemende erkenning aan die behoefte aan minderheidsbeskerming is waarskynlik toe te skryf aan die beset dat dit nie alleen die minderheidsaandeelhouers is wat skade ly in geval van benadelende optrede nie, maar ook die ekonomie. Maatskappye word ingevolge die beginsel van meerderheidsbewind bestuur, met die gevolg dat die minderheid onderworpe is aan die wil van die meerderheid. Die minderheid kan hulself hierdeur in 'n onbenydenswaardige posisie bevind, veral indien die meerderheid hul mag aanwend om hul eie belange te bevorder. Gemeenregtelik is die reel in Foss v Harbottle 'n struikelblok vir minderheidsaandeelhouers wat gedingvoering beoog. In 'n poging om die gebrekkige gemeenregtelike beskerming van minderhede te ondervang, is bepaalde statutere maatreels ingevoer. Die evaluasie van hierdie maatreels geskied aan die hand van 'n regsvergelykende ondersoek na verskeie buitelandse stelsels, waarvan die van Nieu-Seeland en Kanada uit staan vanwee die innoverende aard van hul statutere beskermingsmaatreels. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die beskerming wat die Suid-Afrikaanse statutere maatreels aan minderhede bied, onbevredigend is om verskeie redes. Eerstens is hierdie maatreels dikwels te eng bewoord wat daartoe lei dat die aanwendingsveld van die maatreels beperk is. Tweedens hou die maatreels nie tred met ontwikkelings elders in die wereld en veranderende omstandighede en behoeftes in die praktyk nie. Derdens ontbreek goed geformuleerde remedies wat aanvullend tot artikel 252 van die Wet sal wees. Daar is verder bevind dat ad hocwysigings van bestaande maatreels nie die gewenste resultaat gaan bereik nie en 'n algehele hervorming van die Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappyereg word aanbeveel. Ten slotte word konkrete voorstelle in die vorm van konsepwetgewing gemaak en word vergesel van verduidelikende notas. Hierdie wetgewing is hoofsaaklik aan die hand van die Nieu-Seelandse en Kanadese modelle geformuleer. / There is a growing awareness of the need for effective protection of minority shareholders. This can probably be ascribed to the acknowledgement of the fact that prejudicial conduct harms not only minority shareholders, but also the economy at large. Companies are governed by the principle of majority rule; consequently the minority is subjected to the will of the majority. This often places the minority in an invidious position, especially when the majority use their power to further their own interests. The rule in Foss v Harbottle presents a stumbling block to minority shareholder action. Certain statutory measures have been introduced in an effort to counter defective minority protection. These statutory measures are evaluated in the light of a comparative study of several foreign jurisdictions, the most prominent of which are New Zealand and Canada, because of the innovative nature of the measures which they employ. The conclusion arrived at is that, for various reasons, the protection afforded minorities by the South African statutory measures is unsatisfactory. Firstly, the wording of these measures is narrowly construed; this in turn results in a narrow field of application. Secondly, these measures are not in step with developments elsewhere in the world and with the changing circumstances and needs in practice. Thirdly, well-formulated remedies needed in order to supplement section 252 of the Act are non-existent. It has also been found that ad hoc amendments of existing measures will not achieve the required result, and consequently a complete reform of South African company law is recommended. Finally, specific recommendations in the form of draft legislation are made; these are accompanied by explanatory notes. This draft legislation was formulated primarily along the lines of the New Zealand and Canadian models. / Private Law / LL.D.

<p>La thèse se compose de trois chapitres distincts. Le premier, rédigé en français, traite des questions de l’adaptation des établissements de crédits belges à leur environnement économique et financier depuis le milieu des années septante. Il a fait l’objet de deux publications dans les Cahiers Economiques de Bruxelles en 1997. Les deuxième et troisième chapitres, rédigés en Anglais, traitent de questions de Corporate Governance et, en particulier, décrivent et analysent l’actionnariat et les participations des sociétés belges cotées en Bourse de Bruxelles en 1995.<br><p><p><p><b>Chapitre 1 :Impacts des évolutions du secteur financier sur le choix de portefeuille d'une banque</b><br><p><p><p>Comment expliquer l’apparente stationnarité de la structure de bilan des établissements de crédits au cours de ces vingt dernières années? Pour modéliser l'activité bancaire, nous avons utilisé les théories de choix de portefeuille de Markowitz, en considérant la banque comme un investisseur face à trois actifs risqués (crédits, dépôts, fonds d'Etat) et détenant un capital fixé. Le modèle développé est une extension du modèle construit par PYLE (1971) qui prenait en compte deux actifs risqués et un actif sans risque.<br><p><p><p>Le paramétrage ajuste le bilan théorique d'une banque sur le bilan agrégé de l'ensemble des banques en Belgique en 1975. Cet ajustement sur des données du passé permet d'étudier, aux travers de chocs sur les paramètres du modèle calibré, les trois grandes évolutions qu'a connu le secteur bancaire au cours des vingt années écoulées :l'augmentation de la concurrence bancaire, la modification des risques d'intérêt dans le sens d'une plus grande flexibilité des taux de dépôts, et l'introduction du ratio Cooke, imposant aux banques de détenir des fonds propres à hauteur de 8% minimum des crédits accordés au secteur privé.<br><p><p><p>L'étude de ces trois chocs, individuellement d'abord, simultanément ensuite, a mis en évidence notamment les résultats suivants :<br> <p>1.\ / Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

L'existence d'idéologies managériales révélée est un objet de recherche qui a plus de 50 ans. Si Bendix (1956) a ouvert le chemin de la connaissance de cet objet protéiforme, les travaux ultérieurs ont exploré les différents aspects que peut revêtir l'idéologie managériale en proposant des approches conceptuelles plus ou moins disparate. Notre objectif de recherche est de mieux délimiter et comprendre le concept d'idéologie managériale en le confrontant aux concepts fondamentaux de la littérature que sont la technique, la pratique et la théorie. il en résulte une exploration des relations et modes d'évolution entretenus par le binôme idéologie/technique et théorie et pratique. A cet effet, nous avons opté pour une approche historique et socio-comparative appliquée au cas de "l'idéologie de la valeur actionnariale", dont l'émergence et la diffusion aux Etats-Unis sont comparées à sa trajectoire en France, jusqu'en 2008. Les résultats de cette recherche étayent l'idée selon laquelle l'idéologie et les techniques, en tant que composantes d'un même modèle de management, adoptent en théorie et pratique différentes formes de découplage qui traduisent une dynamique en deux temps : 1)le rôle moteur joué par l'idéologie dans la diffusion du modèle et la promotion des techniques, 2) la tendance à l'autonomisation de la technique. / Since the works of Bendix (1956), managerial ideologies have been investigated through various aspects. Our research objective is to define and better understand the notion of managerial ideology by confronting it with the fundamental concepts of the related literature : i.e. technique, practice and theory. We explored the relations and evolution modes adopted by the couple ideology/technique, both in theory and practice. Through an historical approach, we propose to compare the emergence of the Shareholder Value Ideology in the United States during the eighties to its diffusion to the French case, until 2008. The results of this research show that ideology and techniques, as components of the same management model, adopt various forms of decoupling, in theory and practice. They outline a dynamics in two phases : 1)ideology plays a driving role in the diffusion of the model and the promotion of the affiliated techniques; 2)technique tends to become autonomous.

The capital maintenance doctrine presupposes that a company’s capital must not be returned to its shareholders. The doctrine was anchored on three rules, one of which was that a company cannot acquire its own shares as this amounted to a diversion of capital to the shareholders whose shares were acquired. This rule was partly rationalized as protecting the interests of shareholders. In South Africa the rule was embodied in s 85 of the Companies Act 61 of 1973. However, it was amended by s 9 of the subsequent Companies Amendment Act 37 of 1999 to provide that a company can acquire its own shares if certain substantive and procedural requirements were satisfied. Upon the enactment of Companies Act 71 of 2008, the requirements have not been substantially altered. They are partly geared towards protecting shareholders by ensuring that shareholders are treated equally and fairly. Moreover, the Johannesburg Securities Exchange Limited (hence the JSE Limited) was empowered by the Companies Act 61 of 1973 to promulgate requirements to be met when a company wishes to acquire its own shares. The Companies Act 71 of 2008 does not in express terms empower the JSE Limited to develop requirements to be met when a company wishes to acquire its own shares. However, the Act expressly requires that a listed company wishing to acquire its own shares must also comply with the requirements of the relevant exchange. Such requirements can therefore be deemed to subsist even amidst the new Act as an internal regulation of the JSE Limited. The said requirements are also partly aimed at protecting shareholders, largely by ensuring that adequate information is availed to shareholders to empower them to make informed decisions. / Private Law / LL. M. (Company Law)