The present study was conducted at Dumlupinar University, Department of Foreign Languages Preparatory Classes to investigate the relationship between degrees of learner autonomy, use of strategies for coping with speaking problems and success in speaking class of the participants. To determine the degree of correlation among degree of learner autonomy, use of strategies for coping with speaking problems and success in speaking class, 102 participants were distributed a questionnaire. The questionnaire asked the participants to self report the strategies they use when they have problems during speaking English and also to report their degree of learner autonomy as an English language learner by choosing one of the items on the questionnaire. Following the completion of the questionnaire the quantitative data analysis method was performed via SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Sciences) 13.0 by conducting ANOVA and MANOVA tests and some descriptive statistics. v As a result, the results of the study revealed that learners with low speaking grades are worse than learners with high speaking grades during the use of strategies for coping with speaking problems on the whole. Similarly, learners with low speaking grades also reported themselves as less autonomous when compared to high proficiency learners of English, although the difference is not significant between the group of learners in average speaking grade level and high grade level.

Successful aging is increasingly topical issue given the rapidly aging population and it is therefore crucial to deal with the way the old people adapt to the coming age, and whether there is some way we can be prepared for it. Model coping with life's problems - selection, optimization and compensation is a lifelong adaptation strategy, which currently in old age leads to successful aging. Besides adaptation are important attitudes towards aging and old age, that have an impact on senior's self-esteem. The main goal of this thesis was to analyze attitudes towards age and the use of model coping with life problems in a sample of younger and older Czech seniors using questionnaires SOC and AAQ. The research had a qualitative aspect, which focused on mapping the topic of retirement planning and strategies for successful aging. It turned out that the younger and older seniors differ from each other only in the use of the strategy chosen selection, in other strategies there was no difference between age groups. In the area of attitudes to each other, age groups also did not differ. The results also show that between using SOC strategies and their own attitude to old age, there is no relationship. Seniors recommend to young people and to their peers to think of their health, maintain good relationships...

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-06-12T15:22:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marianabarbosaleitesergioferreira.pdf: 4566422 bytes, checksum: 501376413029df1acba985140f748de1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-06-14T11:33:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marianabarbosaleitesergioferreira.pdf: 4566422 bytes, checksum: 501376413029df1acba985140f748de1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T11:33:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marianabarbosaleitesergioferreira.pdf: 4566422 bytes, checksum: 501376413029df1acba985140f748de1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / No pós-tratamento do câncer de mama compreendido como o término da quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia e a intervenção cirúrgica, as mulheres ainda lidam com diversos estressores que podem repercutir fortemente em sua saúde mental. Dessa forma, considerando-se que as mulheres adotam estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) para lidar com tais estressores, o presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelas pacientes e sua relação com o nível de resiliência e otimismo - aspectos que são considerados saudáveis para o desenvolvimento humano. Para isso, a pesquisa tem uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa e, adotou-se uma entrevista para compreender as repercussões negativas e positivas do câncer de mama para a vida atual da mulher, a Escala de Resiliência desenvolvida por Wagnild e Young, a Escala Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas (EMEP) e o Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) de Scheier, Carver e Bridges, este último como escopo para a avaliação do otimismo. A amostra foi constituída por 50 mulheres que estavam no pós-tratamento do câncer, com idade entre 32 a 75 anos de idade (M= 54, 52; DP= 8, 75) e, como resultado, constatamos que não houve associação significativa entre as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas com o nível de resiliência e otimismo (p < 0, 05%). Verificamos que a única associação significativa foi entre as variáveis resiliência e otimismo. Apesar de não haver relação significativa entre as variáveis resiliência, estratégias de enfrentamento e otimismo, é possível constatar que a maioria das mulheres pesquisadas utilizou a estratégia de enfrentamento focada no problema (60%), apresentando um moderado índice de resiliência (58%) e um alto índice de otimismo (60%), aspectos que podem estar associados a um bom ajustamento. No mais, constatamos que apesar das mulheres terem relatado consequências negativas relacionadas ao câncer de mama, como por exemplo, dores, prejuízos na vida laboral, medo da recidiva e mudanças nos relacionamentos interpessoais, a maioria apontou efeitos positivos advindos da doença, tais como desenvolvimento de forças pessoais, melhor apreciação da vida e melhoria nas relações interpessoais. Os resultados do presente estudo reforçam a importância de pesquisas que visem compreender o momento do pós-tratamento contra o câncer de mama, como também, estudos que busquem compreender a relação entre variáveis psicológicas capazes de favorecer o ajustamento das mulheres que terminaram o tratamento inicial para o câncer de mama. / In the breast cancer post-treatment, understood as the end of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and surgical intervention, women still deal with diverse stressors which might strongly reverberate in their mental health. Thus, taking into consideration that women adopt coping strategies to manage such stressors, the present study aims at identifying the coping strategies used by patients and their relation with the level of resilience and optimism – aspects which are considered healthy for human development. For this purpose, the current research has both a quantitative and a qualitative approach, and an interview was taken in order to understand the negative and positive repercussions of breast cancer for the contemporary life of women, the Resilience Scale developed by Wagnild and Young, the Ways of Coping Scale (WOCS) and the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) by Scheier, Carver and Bridges, the latter as the scope for optimism evaluation. The sample was made up with 50 women who were in the post-treatment cancer, with the age varying from 32 to 75 (A=54, 53; SD=8,75) and, as a result, it was verified that there was no meaningful association between the coping strategies used with the level of resilence and optimism (p<0,05%). We noticed that the only significant association was between the resilence and optimism variables. Despite the absence of expressive correspondence among the resilience variables, coping strategies and optimism, it is possible to see that most women who participated in the research took advantage of coping strategy focused on the problem (60%), showing a moderate resilience level (58%) and a high level of optimism (60%), aspects which might be connected to a good adjustment. In addition, we observed that in spite of having reported negative consequences related to breast cancer as, for example, pain, loss in the working life, fear of relapse and changes in personal relationships, most women mentioned positive effects that came from the disease such as the development of personal strength, better appreciation of life and improvement in personal relationships. The results of the current study reinforce the importance of research which aims at understanding the moment of breast cancer post-treatment, as well as the studies which try to understand the bond among psychological variables capable of favoring the adjustment of women who have finished the initial treatment for breast cancer.