Le stress est impliqué dans le développement et l'exacerbation de diverses pathologies notamment au niveau intestinal. Les effets du stress dépendent de l'expression de neuromédiateurs spécifiques (CRF) et de leurs récepteurs. Notre étude porte sur la régulation et la fonction du CRF2 au niveau des entérocytes et des cellules tumorales coliques humaines. In vivo, nous avons montré que le stress et l'inflammation conduisent à l'augmentation de l'expression du CRF2 dans les colonocytes chez le rat. Dans les tumeurs, l'expression du CRF2 augmente avec le grade tumoral. In vitro, dans les cellules HT-29, l'activation du CRF2 induit une altération des jonctions adhérentes et des adhérences focales par la voie Src/ERK/FAK. Ces mécanismes sont responsables de la régulation de la perméabilité épithéliale et de l'augmentation de la migration des cellules tumorales. Ces travaux contribuent à la compréhension des mécanismes impliquant le stress dans le développement des pathologies intestinales. / Stress is involved in the initiation and the exacerbation of several diseases especially in the intestine. Stress effects depends on the expression of specific neuromediators (CRF) and there receptors. Our study is about regulation and function of the CRF2, a stress receptor expressed in human enterocytes and colorectal cancer cells. In vivo, we showed that stress and inflammation are responsible for the increased expression of the CRF2 in colon epithelial cells of rats. In tumors, the CRF2 expression is increased with the tumor. In vitro, in HT-29 cells, the CRF2 activation leads to the alteration of adherens junctions and focal adhesions by a Src/ERK/FAK pathway. These mechanisms are responsible for the regulation of epithelial cell permeability and the increased migration of tumor cells. This work contributes to the understanding of the pathways involved in the regulation of intestinal diseases by stress.

Children with sensorineural hearing loss may (re)gain hearing with a cochlear implant—a device that transforms sounds into electric pulses and bypasses the dysfunctioning inner ear by stimulating the auditory nerve directly with an electrode array. Many implanted children master the acquisition of spoken language successfully, yet we still have little knowledge of the actual input they receive with the implant and specifically which language sensitive cues they hear. This would be important however, both for understanding the flexibility of the auditory system when presented with stimuli after a (life-) long phase of deprivation and for planning therapeutic intervention. In rhythmic languages the general stress pattern conveys important information about word boundaries. Infant language acquisition relies on such cues and can be severely hampered when this information is missing, as seen for dyslexic children and children with specific language impairment. Here we ask whether children with a cochlear implant perceive differences in stress patterns during their language acquisition phase and if they do, whether it is present directly following implant stimulation or if and how much time is needed for the auditory system to adapt to the new sensory modality. We performed a longitudinal ERP study, testing in bimonthly intervals the stress pattern perception of 17 young hearing impaired children (age range: 9–50 months; mean: 22 months) during their first 6 months of implant use. An additional session before the implantation served as control baseline. During a session they passively listened to an oddball paradigm featuring the disyllable “baba,” which was stressed either on the first or second syllable (trochaic vs. iambic stress pattern). A group of age-matched normal hearing children participated as controls. Our results show, that within the first 6 months of implant use the implanted children develop a negative mismatch response for iambic but not for trochaic deviants, thus showing the same result as the normal hearing controls. Even congenitally deaf children show the same developing pattern. We therefore conclude (a) that young implanted children have early access to stress pattern information and (b) that they develop ERP responses similar to those of normal hearing children.

Children with sensorineural hearing loss may (re)gain hearing with a cochlear implant—a device that transforms sounds into electric pulses and bypasses the dysfunctioning inner ear by stimulating the auditory nerve directly with an electrode array. Many implanted children master the acquisition of spoken language successfully, yet we still have little knowledge of the actual input they receive with the implant and specifically which language sensitive cues they hear. This would be important however, both for understanding the flexibility of the auditory system when presented with stimuli after a (life-) long phase of deprivation and for planning therapeutic intervention. In rhythmic languages the general stress pattern conveys important information about word boundaries. Infant language acquisition relies on such cues and can be severely hampered when this information is missing, as seen for dyslexic children and children with specific language impairment. Here we ask whether children with a cochlear implant perceive differences in stress patterns during their language acquisition phase and if they do, whether it is present directly following implant stimulation or if and how much time is needed for the auditory system to adapt to the new sensory modality. We performed a longitudinal ERP study, testing in bimonthly intervals the stress pattern perception of 17 young hearing impaired children (age range: 9–50 months; mean: 22 months) during their first 6 months of implant use. An additional session before the implantation served as control baseline. During a session they passively listened to an oddball paradigm featuring the disyllable “baba,” which was stressed either on the first or second syllable (trochaic vs. iambic stress pattern). A group of age-matched normal hearing children participated as controls. Our results show, that within the first 6 months of implant use the implanted children develop a negative mismatch response for iambic but not for trochaic deviants, thus showing the same result as the normal hearing controls. Even congenitally deaf children show the same developing pattern. We therefore conclude (a) that young implanted children have early access to stress pattern information and (b) that they develop ERP responses similar to those of normal hearing children.