Software reliability has not kept pace with computing hardware. Despite the use reliability improvement techniques and methods, faults remain that lead to software errors and failures. Runtime monitoring can improve software reliability by detecting certain errors before failures occur. Monitoring is also useful for online and electronic services, where resource management directly impacts reliability and quality. For example, resource ownership errors can accumulate over time (e. g. , as resource leaks) and result in software aging. Early detection of errors allows more time for corrective action before failures or service outages occur. In addition, the ability to monitor individual software concerns, such as application resource ownership structure, can help support autonomic computing for self-healing, self-adapting and self-optimizing software. <br /><br /> This thesis introduces <em>ResOwn</em> - an application resource ownership ontology for interactive session-oriented services. ResOwn provides software monitoring with enriched concepts of application resource ownership borrowed from real-world legal and ownership ontologies. ResOwn is formally defined in OWL-DL (Web Ontology Language Description Logic), verified using an off-the-shelf reasoner, and tested using the call processing software for a small <em>private branch exchange (PBX)</em>. The ResOwn Prime Directive states that every object in an operational software system is a resource, an owner, or both simultaneously. Resources produce benefits. Beneficiary owners may receive resource benefits. Nonbeneficiary owners may only manage resources. This approach distinguishes resource ownership use from management and supports the ability to detect when a resource's role-based runtime capacity has been exceeded. <br /><br /> This thesis also presents a greybox approach to concern-specific, dynamic software structure monitoring including a monitor architecture, greybox interpreter, and algorithms for deriving monitoring model from a monitored target's formal specifications. The target's requirements and design are assumed to be specified in SDL, a formalism based on communicating extended finite state machines. Greybox abstraction, applicable to both behavior and structure, provides direction on what parts, and how much of the target to instrument, and what types of resource errors to detect. <br /><br /> The approach was manually evaluated using a number of resource allocation and ownership scenarios. These scenarios were obtained by collecting actual call traces from an instrumented PBX. The results of an analytical evaluation of ResOwn and the monitoring approach are presented in a discussion of key advantages and known limitations. Conclusions and recommended future work are discussed at the end of the thesis.

Software reliability has not kept pace with computing hardware. Despite the use reliability improvement techniques and methods, faults remain that lead to software errors and failures. Runtime monitoring can improve software reliability by detecting certain errors before failures occur. Monitoring is also useful for online and electronic services, where resource management directly impacts reliability and quality. For example, resource ownership errors can accumulate over time (e. g. , as resource leaks) and result in software aging. Early detection of errors allows more time for corrective action before failures or service outages occur. In addition, the ability to monitor individual software concerns, such as application resource ownership structure, can help support autonomic computing for self-healing, self-adapting and self-optimizing software. <br /><br /> This thesis introduces <em>ResOwn</em> - an application resource ownership ontology for interactive session-oriented services. ResOwn provides software monitoring with enriched concepts of application resource ownership borrowed from real-world legal and ownership ontologies. ResOwn is formally defined in OWL-DL (Web Ontology Language Description Logic), verified using an off-the-shelf reasoner, and tested using the call processing software for a small <em>private branch exchange (PBX)</em>. The ResOwn Prime Directive states that every object in an operational software system is a resource, an owner, or both simultaneously. Resources produce benefits. Beneficiary owners may receive resource benefits. Nonbeneficiary owners may only manage resources. This approach distinguishes resource ownership use from management and supports the ability to detect when a resource's role-based runtime capacity has been exceeded. <br /><br /> This thesis also presents a greybox approach to concern-specific, dynamic software structure monitoring including a monitor architecture, greybox interpreter, and algorithms for deriving monitoring model from a monitored target's formal specifications. The target's requirements and design are assumed to be specified in SDL, a formalism based on communicating extended finite state machines. Greybox abstraction, applicable to both behavior and structure, provides direction on what parts, and how much of the target to instrument, and what types of resource errors to detect. <br /><br /> The approach was manually evaluated using a number of resource allocation and ownership scenarios. These scenarios were obtained by collecting actual call traces from an instrumented PBX. The results of an analytical evaluation of ResOwn and the monitoring approach are presented in a discussion of key advantages and known limitations. Conclusions and recommended future work are discussed at the end of the thesis.

The demand of space applications has been increasing over the years. This has derivedin new satellites structures that required from precise and robust control management.The satellite design is evolving towards the development of lighter structures. The combinationof lighter structures with precise and robust control has arisen the problem ofstructure vibration control. The control design of structures with large appendages likeantennas, booms or solar panels has become a challenge. The flexible dynamics of theappendages needs to be considered when performing the attitude analysis of the satellite,since these parts can be easily excited by the environment perturbations such us gravity,gravity gradient or solar wind. The objective of these research project is to develop ahigh-fidelity model plant of a satellite with flexible panels and review different systemidentification techniques used to observe the states of the system. The equations of themodel are reviewed and the model is verified against a multi-body software, Adams. Thesensors and actuators are selected and modelled for the control of the rigid body and theobservation of the rigid and flexible body. For the implementation of the flexible structureobservations a technique based in Genetic Algorithm is applied for optimal sensor location.Finally, different system identification techniques are reviewed for the identificationof modal parameters and rigid body parameters. The results illustrate the performanceof the model and how the different system identification techniques are performed whenobserving the model states.

Prolonger la durée de vie d’un parc nucléaire impose de garantir la pérennité des enceintes de confinement, troisième et dernière barrière de protection contre les potentielles émissions radioactives. Ces structures sont attentivement auscultées depuis la construction grâce à un dispositif de mesures spécifiques incluant des extensomètres noyés dans le béton. De conception intrinsèquement fiable et bien que largement éprouvés, ces capteurs de déformation commencent à présenter des taux de défaillance significatifs, nécessitant, de fait, le recours à des chaînes de mesure de substitution. En ne pouvant être mises en œuvre qu’au voisinage de la surface du béton, ces solutions ne permettent qu’un accès indirect à la déformation initialement observée. Des doutes peuvent dès lors être émis sur la représentativité des mesures et par conséquent sur la qualité de la surveillance.Pour analyser l'influence de la localisation de la mesure, le développement et l'exploitation de deux modèles numériques éléments finis complémentaires sont proposés. Il s’agira principalement, pour l’un, de quantifier les possibles écarts de comportement sur le long terme et en épreuve liés aux gradients de température et d’humidité ; et pour l’autre, la variabilité liée au caractère hétérogène et particulier de la géométrie des enceintes. Suite à la calibration des modèles de comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique, s’appuyant sur des résultats d'essais matériaux en laboratoire, une prévision à l'échelle de la structure, utilisant des chargements sur ouvrage reconstruits à partir de données historiques ou de synthèses fondées sur le retour d’expérience du parc nucléaire français exploité par EDF, est menée. L'historique de déformation est ainsi reconstruit en tout point de l'enceinte pour en déduire un modèle analytique des variations spatiales dans l'enceinte des déformations afin de faciliter son exploitation.En mettant en évidence de faibles écarts sur le long terme entre position à cœur et en surface, il est d'abord démontré que des chaînes de mesure de substitution sont utilisables avec un bon niveau de confiance en dehors des zones singulières. Par ailleurs, l’usage de fonctions de correction basées sur les transferts physiques régnant dans la structure permet de minimiser l’influence des changements de position de mesure dans l’épaisseur. / Extending the life of nuclear plant needs to ensure the sustainability of containment, third and last barrier against potential radioactive emissions. These structures are closely monitored from construction through a specific measuring system including strain gauges embedded in the concrete. Inherently reliable, though widely proven technology, these strain sensors start presenting significant failure rates, requiring the use of substitution measure chains. These solutions, which can only be placed near surface of concrete, allow only an indirect access to the initially observed strain. Doubts may therefore be issued on the representativeness of measurements and therefore on the quality of monitoring.To analyze the influence of the location of the measurement, the development and exploitation of two finite elements numerical models are proposed. This will be mainly for one to quantify the possible misbehavior in the long term and during tests related to temperature and moisture gradients; and for the other, the variability related to heterogeneous and particular nature of the geometry of nuclear power plant. As a result of the calibration of the thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior models, based on laboratory materials test, a forecast throughout the structure is conducted, using reconstructed loads from historical data or syntheses based on feedback from the french nuclear power plant operated by EDF. The history of deformation is thus reconstructed in any enclosure point to settle an analytical model of the spatial variations of the enclosure deformation to facilitate its operations.Highlighting small long-term differences between embedded and surface position, it is first shown that alternative measuring systems can be used with a high confident level outside singular position. Furthermore, the use of correction functions based on physical transfers prevailing in the structure makes it possible to minimize the influence of position measurement of changes in thickness.

Předložená disertační práce řeší komplexní mechatronický návrh autonomního termoelektrického zdroje energie pro letecké aplikace. Na základě dostupných zdrojů a literatury práce popisuje současný stav problematiky. V práci jsou prezentovány simulační modely MEMS termoelektrických článků, které jsou ověřeny experimentálním testováním a hodnotami dostupnými od výrobce. Na základě metodiky model-besed design byly navrženy a vyrobeny tři demonstrátory. Jejich vlastnosti byly testovány v reálných podmínkách na letecké pohonné jednotce.

Das High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) ist ein System von fünf atmosphärischen Cherenkov-Teleskopen (IACT) in Namibia. Die H.E.S.S. Teleskope sind empfindlich für sehr energiereiche (VHE) Gammastrahlen zwischen ~30 TeV und 100 TeV. Mit einer Entfernung von 16,5 Mpc ist Messier 87 (M87) eine der nächsten Radiogalaxien und beherbergt eines der massereichsten supermassiven Schwarzen Löcher, das Materie in einen Plasmastrahl relativistischer Teilchen emittiert. Der Strahl wird im Bereich des gesamten elektromagnetischen Spektrums beobachtet und untersucht. M87 befindet sich im Zentrum des Virgo-Galaxienhaufens, eines kühlen Galaxienhaufens, der von Gas gefüllt ist, das in der Nähe des Zentrums kälter und in den Außenbereichen des Galaxienhaufens heißer ist. Gemäß der Cooling Flow (CF) Theorie kühlt das Plasma in Cool Core (CC) Haufen am Rand des Haufens ab und sinkt nach innen, wodurch die Sternentstehungsrate im Zentrum erhöht wird. Optische Messungen des Virgo Galaxienhaufens scheinen diesem Modell jedoch zu widersprechen. Als Heizmechanismus wird der aktive galaktische Kern Rückkopplungsmechanismus vorgeschlagen, der die Abkühlung des ICM ausgleicht und dessen CF vermeidet. Die kosmische Strahlung des Jets interagiert mit der ICM und erzeugt neutrale Pionen, die in Gammastrahlen zerfallen und ein nicht variables und ausgedehntes Gammastrahlensignal erzeugen. Allerdings konnten keine Gammastrahlen-Beobachtungen mit dem Pionenzerfall in dem Galaxienhaufen in Verbindung gebracht werden. In dieser Studie der H.E.S.S. Beobachtungen des niedrigen Strahl-Aktivitätszustands von M87 haben keine signifikante Ausdehnung der Emissionsregion gezeigt, woraus eine 3σ Obergrenze von 0.016° ≈ 4.6 kpc abgeleitet wurde. Das Verhältnis des Drucks in kosmischer Strahlung zur thermischen Strahlung ist auf <0.36 im Zentralregion beschränkt. Diese abgeleitete Obergrenze nimmt einen Gleichgewichtszustand zwischen den Erwärmungs und den Kühlprozessen an. Die neue Generation von IACTs, das Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), wird eine unvergleichbare Empfindlichkeit und Winkelauflösung bieten. Um die langfristige Verfügbarkeit der Teleskope sicherzustellen, wurde ein auf Schwingungsmessungen basierendes Strukturüberwachungssystem entwickelt und zwischen 2019 und 2020 in Berlin am Prototyp des mittelgrossen Teleskopes erfolgreich getestet. CTAO wird in der Lage sein die Gammastrahlung des Virgo Haufens zu untersuchen und sie laut Simulationen und dem Steady-State-Modell innerhalb von ~210 h zu detektieren. / The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is an array of five Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) located in Namibia. The H.E.S.S. telescopes are sensitive to Very-High-Energy (VHE) gamma rays between ~30 TeV and ~100 TeV. At a distance of 16.5 Mpc Messier 87 (M87) is one of the closest radio-galaxies, hosting one of the most massive Super-Massive Black Hole, which accretes matter and launches an inclined jet of relativistic particles. The jet is detected and studied by radiation emitted through the entire electromagnetic spectrum. M87 is located at the very center of the Virgo galaxy cluster, a Cool Core (CC) cluster, characterized by an Intra-cluster Medium (ICM) that is colder close to the center and hotter towards the outskirts of the galaxy cluster. According to the Cooling Flow (CF) theory, the plasma in CC clusters cools in the outskirts of the cluster and falls inwards, increasing the star formation ratio in the region. However, optical measurements of the Virgo Cluster seem to contradict this model. The Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) feedback mechanism is proposed as a heating mechanism, which counterbalances the cooling of the ICM and avoids its CF. The cosmic rays from the jet interact with the ICM producing neutral pions, which decay to gamma rays, forming a non-variable and extended gamma-ray signal. However, no gamma-ray observations could be associated with pion decay in galaxy clusters. In this work, deep H.E.S.S. observations of M87's low state are analyzed, and the results have shown no significant gamma-ray extension leading to a 3σ upper limit of 0.016° ≈ 4.6 kpc. The ratio of cosmic-ray pressure to thermal pressure XCR is constrained to < 0.36 at its maximum position, assuming a steady-state between the heating and the cooling processes. The new generation of IACTs, the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) will offer unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution. To assure the long-term availability of the telescopes, a structure monitoring system based on vibration measurements was developed and successfully tested at the Medium-sized Telescope (MST) prototype between 2019 and 2020 in Berlin. CTAO should be able to probe the gamma-ray emission from the Virgo Cluster, and, according to simulations and to the steady-state model, significantly detect it after ≈ 210 h.