Björk är ett av Sveriges mest vanliga trädslag med en uppdelning av två huvudarter, glasbjörk och vårtbjörk. Vilka är etablerade i hela landet. Utöver dessa två björkarter finns i Sverige även underarter. En av dessa är masurbjörk, en variant av vårtbjörken. Masurbjörken finns framför allt i södra Sverige och kan knytas an till gamla kulturmarker inom såväl jordbruks- som svedjebrukslandskapet. Masurbjörken har ett mycket speciellt och karaktäristiskt utseende vilket beror på en genetisk störning i tillväxten, något som medför bristningar i kambiet. Det var just detta speciella utseende som gjorde att masurbjörken blev väldigt populär i de svenska folkhemmen. Inom den svenska möbelindustrin har masurbjörk efterfrågats under hela 1990-talet. Det finns ett flertal olika typer av masurbjörk; knölmasur, halsmasur, ringmasur, randmasur och buskmasur vilka skiljer sig åt i både utseende, kvalitativa och egenskaper. Vanligaste är knölmasur.   Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva den exteriöra och interiöra karaktären hos några utvalda trädindivider vid ett klonförsök av masurbjörk anlagt år 2002 i Bispgården, Jämtland. Samt att analysera sambandet mellan dessa.   Detta examensarbete var upplagd som en fältstudie där såväl mätningar som fotografisk dokumentation ägt rum.   Den genomförda kvalitetsundersökningen visade att 77% av de undersökta trädindividerna hade exteriöra och interiöra tecken på masurbildning. Av de utvalda träden saknade 22% de exteriöra tecknen medan 6% saknade masur interiört samtidigt fanns en andel om 6% där masurbildningen saknades helt, både exteriört och interiört. Kvalitetsundersökningen visade också att det fanns ett visst samband mellan trädindividernas dimension och höjdtillväxt. Vilket gällde såväl den totala höjdtillväxten som masurbildningens höjdsträckning. När det gällde lämpliga användningsområden för de undersökta trädindividerna visade undersökningen att 40% passade till faner, 27% som knivämnen medan de resterande 33% ansågs lämpliga för övriga slöjdändamål.   Ett av det mest överraskande resultatet i kvalitetsundersökningen var den trädindivid som inte visade några som helst tecken på masurbildning varken exteriört eller interiört. Detta var mycket anmärkningsvärt, hur kunde detta komma sig?   Med hypotesen att de klonförökade trädindividerna hade 100% masurbildning och masurstruktur, av mer eller mindre omfattning och utbredning. Visade dock studiens utfall på överraskade resultat. Naturen skapar inte alltid förutsättningarna för att generera högkvalitativa träd även om plantorna i utgångsläget hade dessa förutsättningar. / Curly birch has a very special and characteristic appearance, which is due to the genetic growth disturbance of the silver birch, which causes rupture in the cambia. This caused the curly birch to become very popular in Swedish family homes throughout the 1990s. Which meant that the Swedish furniture industry demanded curly birch during this period. The most common type of curly birch is the knotted. The purpose of this study was to describe the exteriors and interiors of some selected tree subjects in a cluster of curly birch and to analyze the relationship between them. The quality survey showed that 77% of the tree species surveyed had exterior and interior signs of curly birch formation. 22% lacked exterior characters, 6% lacked interior signs and 6% lacked both exterior and interior signs of curly birch formation. Of the tree species surveyed, 40% fit the category veneers, 27% as knives and 33% were suitable for other handicraft objects. Nature does not always create high-quality trees, even if the material at the outset had those conditions, the most important conclusion of the study.

O estado do Acre possui uma vocação eminentemente florestal, devido a alta abundância natural de espécies madeireiras em um ecossistema caracterizado pela biodiversidade de espécies tropicais. Pesquisas em dendrocronologia nessa região tropical indicam que 35-50% das espécies arbóreas formam anéis de crescimento. Neste sentido, a dendrocronologia, método baseado na análise de anéis de crescimento anuais no lenho, torna-se importante ferramenta, fornecendo dados de longos períodos de crescimento e estimativas acuradas da idade das árvores, para o entendimento da dinâmica da floresta e desenvolvimento de sistemas de manejo florestal sustentados. Portanto, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi o de estudar três espécies arbóreas de ocorrência natural no Acre, verificar a influência da quantidade total e distribuição sazonal de pluviosidade, temperatura e evapotranspiração, e os aspectos fenológicos apresentados por cada espécie, no seu crescimento em diâmetro e na qualidade do lenho produzido. O estudo foi realizado em três diferentes sítios, sendo que na Reserva Experimental Catuaba, havia três diferentes microsítios: floresta primária, borda de floresta e pastagem. Avaliou-se mensalmente o incremento em circunferência do tronco das árvores com dendrômetros e a fenologia com observações visuais das árvores das espécies selecionadas. Foram retiradas amostras de lenho no DAP do tronco para as avaliações dendrocronológicas, de densitometria de raios X e anatômicas do lenho. Verificou-se que a fenologia das árvores das espécies estudadas é regulada pela precipitação no mês corrente ou dos meses anteriores. Observou-se que a formação dos anéis de crescimento das árvores dessas espécies é regulada pela evapotranspiração, e pelas fenofases de queda e brotação de folhas nas diferentes estações sazonais do ano, indicando que possuem potencial para estudos paleoclimáticos. A análise da densitometria de raios X e anatômica do lenho mostrou ser possível separar seções de lenho juvenil e adulto no sentido radial do tronco das árvores. Houve diferença significativa no ritmo de crescimento do tronco das árvores entre as espécies, sítios e microsítios. Há grande potencial do uso da dendrocronologia aliada ao uso de parcelas de inventário permanente para a definição do ciclo de corte das árvores dessas espécies / The state of Acre has an eminently forest asset due the high natural timber species abundance in an ecosystem characterized by the biodiversity of tree tropical species. Researches in dendrochronology in this tropical region indicate that 35-50% of species form tree rings. Therefore, dendrochronology, a method based on tree ring analysis becomes important tool, providing data for long growth periods and accurate estimates of trees age, to understanding the forest dynamics and the development of sustainable forestry management. Thus, the objective of this research was to study some tree species of natural occurrence in Acre, verify influence of total amount and seasonal distribution of rainfall, temperature and evapotranspiration, and phenological aspects presented by each species in their growth in diameter and quality of timber produced. The study was conducted at three different sites, and in the Catuaba Experimental Reserve in three different microsites: primary forest, pasture and forest edge.The increase in the circumference the trunk was assessed monthly with a dendrometer and phenology was evaluated with visual observations in selected tree species. Samples were collected from wood in the DBH of the trunk for dendrochronological, X-ray densitometry and wood anatomy assessments. It was found that the phenology of the trees species is regulated by rainfall in the current month or previous months. It was observed that the formation of growth rings of trees of these species is regulated by evapotranspiration, and by phenophases of fall and sprouting new leaf during the year, indicating that these species have potential for paleoclimate studies. The analysis of Xray densitometry and anatomical of the wood allowed to separate portions of the juvenile and adult wood in radial section of the trunk. There were significant differences in the growth of the trunk of tress between species, sites and microsites. There is great potential for the use of dendrochronology combined with the use of permanent inventory plots to define cutting cycles for these species.

O estado do Acre possui uma vocação eminentemente florestal, devido a alta abundância natural de espécies madeireiras em um ecossistema caracterizado pela biodiversidade de espécies tropicais. Pesquisas em dendrocronologia nessa região tropical indicam que 35-50% das espécies arbóreas formam anéis de crescimento. Neste sentido, a dendrocronologia, método baseado na análise de anéis de crescimento anuais no lenho, torna-se importante ferramenta, fornecendo dados de longos períodos de crescimento e estimativas acuradas da idade das árvores, para o entendimento da dinâmica da floresta e desenvolvimento de sistemas de manejo florestal sustentados. Portanto, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi o de estudar três espécies arbóreas de ocorrência natural no Acre, verificar a influência da quantidade total e distribuição sazonal de pluviosidade, temperatura e evapotranspiração, e os aspectos fenológicos apresentados por cada espécie, no seu crescimento em diâmetro e na qualidade do lenho produzido. O estudo foi realizado em três diferentes sítios, sendo que na Reserva Experimental Catuaba, havia três diferentes microsítios: floresta primária, borda de floresta e pastagem. Avaliou-se mensalmente o incremento em circunferência do tronco das árvores com dendrômetros e a fenologia com observações visuais das árvores das espécies selecionadas. Foram retiradas amostras de lenho no DAP do tronco para as avaliações dendrocronológicas, de densitometria de raios X e anatômicas do lenho. Verificou-se que a fenologia das árvores das espécies estudadas é regulada pela precipitação no mês corrente ou dos meses anteriores. Observou-se que a formação dos anéis de crescimento das árvores dessas espécies é regulada pela evapotranspiração, e pelas fenofases de queda e brotação de folhas nas diferentes estações sazonais do ano, indicando que possuem potencial para estudos paleoclimáticos. A análise da densitometria de raios X e anatômica do lenho mostrou ser possível separar seções de lenho juvenil e adulto no sentido radial do tronco das árvores. Houve diferença significativa no ritmo de crescimento do tronco das árvores entre as espécies, sítios e microsítios. Há grande potencial do uso da dendrocronologia aliada ao uso de parcelas de inventário permanente para a definição do ciclo de corte das árvores dessas espécies / The state of Acre has an eminently forest asset due the high natural timber species abundance in an ecosystem characterized by the biodiversity of tree tropical species. Researches in dendrochronology in this tropical region indicate that 35-50% of species form tree rings. Therefore, dendrochronology, a method based on tree ring analysis becomes important tool, providing data for long growth periods and accurate estimates of trees age, to understanding the forest dynamics and the development of sustainable forestry management. Thus, the objective of this research was to study some tree species of natural occurrence in Acre, verify influence of total amount and seasonal distribution of rainfall, temperature and evapotranspiration, and phenological aspects presented by each species in their growth in diameter and quality of timber produced. The study was conducted at three different sites, and in the Catuaba Experimental Reserve in three different microsites: primary forest, pasture and forest edge.The increase in the circumference the trunk was assessed monthly with a dendrometer and phenology was evaluated with visual observations in selected tree species. Samples were collected from wood in the DBH of the trunk for dendrochronological, X-ray densitometry and wood anatomy assessments. It was found that the phenology of the trees species is regulated by rainfall in the current month or previous months. It was observed that the formation of growth rings of trees of these species is regulated by evapotranspiration, and by phenophases of fall and sprouting new leaf during the year, indicating that these species have potential for paleoclimate studies. The analysis of Xray densitometry and anatomical of the wood allowed to separate portions of the juvenile and adult wood in radial section of the trunk. There were significant differences in the growth of the trunk of tress between species, sites and microsites. There is great potential for the use of dendrochronology combined with the use of permanent inventory plots to define cutting cycles for these species.

This diploma thesis deals with the design expertise and supporting structures the single-roof sports hall for locality Brno. The ground plan dimensions are 42 x 72 m and ground clearance of about eight meters. Two variants are processed and selected variant is elaborated in detail. The sports hall is designed for most sports played indoors. In a static calculation are designed and assessed the main load-bearing elements such as truss glued laminated timber, wooden purlins, columns, girts and bracing. The work includes drawings.

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has been successfully used for three-dimensional (3D) data capture in forests for almost two decades. Beyond the plot-based data capturing capabilities of TLS, vehicle-based mobile laser scanning (MLS) systems have the clear advantage of fast and precise corridor-like 3D data capture, thus providing a much larger coverage within shorter acquisition time. This paper compares and discusses advantages and disadvantages of multi-temporal MLS data acquisition compared to established TLS data recording schemes. In this pilot study on integrated TLS and MLS data processing in a forest, it could be shown that existing TLS data evaluation routines can be used for MLS data processing. Methods of automatic laser scanner data processing for forest inventory parameter determination and quantitative structure model (QSM) generation were tested in two sample plots using data from both scanning methods and from different seasons. TLS in a multi-scan configuration delivers very high-density 3D point clouds, which form a valuable basis for generating high-quality QSMs. The pilot study shows that MLS is able to provide high-quality data for an equivalent determination of relevant forest inventory parameters compared to TLS. Parameters such as tree position, diameter at breast height (DBH) or tree height can be determined from MLS data with an accuracy similar to the accuracy of the parameter derived from TLS data. Results for instance in DBH determination by cylinder fitting yielded a standard deviation of 1.1 cm for trees in TLS data and 3.7 cm in MLS data. However, the resolution of MLS scans was found insufficient for successful QSM generation. The registration of MLS data in forests furthermore requires additional effort in considering effects caused by poor GNSS signal.

Chosen territory is located on the Libušina street, Brno - Kohoutovice. Socio-kultural center with townhall will serve as the dominant of district. Due to its shape, which is growing up, it reflects the character of the surrounding high-rise buildings. Entrance to the building is concentrated in one space, the communication part, which connects two masses - the town hall and socio-cultural center. Office space is structured around the perimeter of the building and also organized as a contact point with the society, due to glass partitions. The interior space of the town hall is lighted by glass atrium that allows sunlight penetrates to the whole building. Socio-kultural center with townhall is an expressive architectural element and includes three functions: culture, recreation and sport. The main part of the building is the multifunctional hall, that is used for such purposes as big celebrations, performances, music and dance events and film screenings. The idea to create the function of sport is based on interview and wishes of the local inhabitants. The restaurant, library and a recreation space have large glass windows, which allows visual connection between the interior and exterior and creates a pleasant aesthetic impression.