Graduation date: 1934

The basic problem involved in developing the curricular activity program at Galt High School was two-fold: (1) In what ways could the formal curriculum be modified and the schedule be adjusted in order to incorporate an informal club-activity program without impairing the regular educational opportunities?; (2) Could the use of school time for such a program be justified?

This investigation is concerned with the development and application of a test to detect certain habits of the scientific attitude among high school science students. Preliminary investigation relative to the problem centered around the two following procedures: (1) An attempt to determine and define the scientific attitude and its relation to scientific method. (2) A consideration of the results of previous studies related to the above problem.

The investigator has undertaken this study to determine whether the present orientation course at Oakdale High School meets the needs of youth whom it serves. Interest in the problem was aroused through controversy form time to time regarding the practicability of such a course as part of the curriculum, since some of the high schools in the county either do not have, or no longer include, Orientation in the curriculum as a separate course.

With the remarkable increase in immigration since the passage of the 1965 Immigration Act, approximately one in five children in the United States has at least one foreign-born parent (Hernandez & Charney, 1998). This study was an investigation of how students’ perceptions of their parents shaped the kind and degree of motivational goal orientations that they adopted in their mathematics classroom taking students’ different cultural and ethnic backgrounds into account. In this study, students of different ethnic backgrounds enrolled in an American high school reported their achievement goal orientations and self-regulated motivations for their math class, as well as their perceptions of parents’ goals for them, parents’ motivating styles, and the classroom’s goal structures. A total of 138 9th grade Anglo American students and Asian American students were included in the data analyses. In path analyses, Anglo American and Asian American students’ goal orientations were predicted by their perceptions of their parents’ goals for them as well as their parents’ motivating styles, mediated by the students’ self-regulated motivation. For both Anglo American and Asian American students, autonomous self-regulated motivation predicted mastery goal orientation, and less autonomous self-regulated motivation predicted performance goal orientations. However, the students’ perceptions of parental influence from different ethnic/cultural backgrounds were different in predicting students’ self-regulated motivations. Interestingly, Asian American children’s perceptions of parents’ controlling style as well as parents’ autonomy support could predict their mastery goal adoption via identified regulation, and their perception of parental control even predicted their intrinsic regulation. It was also interesting to note that Asian American students’ perceptions of parents’ goal orientations for them predicted their own goals not only directly but also mediated by their self-regulated motivations, unlike Anglo American students whose perceptions of parents’ goals predicted their own goals only mediated by their self-regulated motivations. An integration of self-determination theory and goal theory is offered, broadening the application of these two theories to students of different ethnic/cultural backgrounds. / text

This study compares the demographic characteristics, academic experiences, and socioeconomic factors of California community college students who transfer to private for-profit four-year institutions with those who transfer to public or non-profit higher education institutions. Using logistic regression analysis, this study showed that academic experiences have the greatest influence on the decision to enroll at a for-profit institution. Controlling for academic experiences and socioeconomic factors, transfer students who are African American, female, and over the age of 25 are the most likely to enroll at for-profit institutions. Students receiving financial aid at community colleges also have a higher probability of choosing for-profits as their transfer destination. Using data from the largest and most diverse community college system in the world, the results of this study determined that community college students who transfer to for-profit institutions are indeed different from students who follow traditional routes defined as public and non-profit institutions. Transfer to· four-year institutions remains a critical mission of the community colleges, especially in providing opportunities towards a bachelor degree for economically and academically disadvantaged students. Therefore, an understanding of the impact of higher education privatization on transfer choice is critical. The report discusses implications of these study results for community college and higher education administrators and policymakers.

This study, which was conducted among middle-school students in California, focused on the effectiveness of using innovative strategies for enhancing the classroom environment, students' attitudes, and conceptual development. Six hundred and sixty-one (661) students from 22 classrooms in four inner city schools completed the modified actual forms of the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES), the What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire, and the Test Of Mathematics Related Attitudes (TOMRA). The data were analyzed for the CLES, WIHIC, and TOMRA to check their factor structure, reliability, discriminant validity, and the ability to distinguish between different classes and groups. In terms of the validity of the CLES, WIHIC, and TOMRA when used with middle-school students in California, the factor analysis results attest to the sound factor structure of each questionnaire. The results for each CLES, WIHIC, and TOMRA scale for the alpha reliability and discriminant validity for two units of analysis (individual and class mean) compare favorably with the results for other well-established classroom environment instruments. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also calculated for each scale of the CLES and WIHIC to investigate its ability to differentiate between the perceptions of students in different classrooms. The ANOVA results suggest that students perceived the learning environments of different mathematics classrooms differently on CLES and WIHIC scales. In general, the results provided evidence of the validity of these instruments in describing psychosocial factors in the learning environments of middle-school mathematics classrooms in California. The effectiveness of the innovative strategy was evaluated in terms of classroom environment and attitudes, as well as achievement, among a subgroup of 101 students. / Effect sizes and t-tests for paired sample were used to determine changes in classroom environment perceptions, attitudes, and achievement for experimental and control groups. Pretest-posttest differences were statistically significant (p<0.05) for: the CLES scale of Shared Control for the experimental group, the TOMRA scale of Normality of Mathematicians for both the control and the experimental groups, the TOMRA scale of Enjoyment of Mathematics for the experimental group, and the achievement measure for both groups. Also ANCOVA was calculated to determine if differential pretest-posttest changes were experienced by the experimental and control groups in classroom environment perceptions, attitudes, and achievement. The results suggest that there were a statistically significant differential changes for Task Orientation, Normality of Mathematicians, Enjoyment of Mathematics, and achievement between the experimental and control groups. In each case, the experimental group experienced larger pretest-posttest changes than the control group. Overall, a comparison of the pretest-posttest changes for an experimental group, which experienced the innovative strategy, with those for a control group, supported the efficacy of the innovative teaching methods in terms of learning environment perceptions, attitudes to mathematics, and mathematics concept development. The results of simple correlation and multiple correlation analyses of outcome-environment associations for two units of analysis clearly indicated that there is an association between the learning environment and students’ attitudes and mathematics achievement for this group of middle-school mathematics students. / In particular, there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between: Normality of Mathematicians and Student Negotiation, Involvement, and Task Orientation with the individual as the unit of analysis; Enjoyment of Mathematics and all three CLES and three WIHIC scales with the student as a unit of analysis, and for the four scales of Personal Relevance, Shared Control, Involvement, and Task Orientation with the class mean as the unit of analysis. The multiple correlations between the group of three CLES and three WIHIC scales and each of the two TOMRA scales are statistically significant for the individual as a unit of analysis. Overall, the study revealed positive and statistically significant associations between the classroom learning environment and students’ attitudes to mathematics. A two-way MANOVA with repeated measures on one factor was utilized to investigate gender differences in terms of students’ perceptions of classroom environment and attitudes to mathematics, as well as mathematics achievement. A statistically significant but small difference was found between the genders for Student Negotiation and Task Orientation. Female students perceived their mathematics classrooms somewhat more positively than did the male students. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders on achievement and students’ attitudes to mathematics. Qualitative information, gathered through audiotaped interviews, students’ journal, and analysis of students’ work, was used to clarify students’ opinions about the new approach, classroom environment perceptions, attitudes, and conceptual development. / These qualitative information-gathering tools were utilized to obtain a more in-depth understanding of the learning environments (Tobin, Kahle, & Fraser, 1990) and the results of my study (Punch, 1998), as well as insights into students’ perceptions (Spinner & Fraser, 2005). The responses from the students’ interviews and students’ reflective journals from the group that experienced the innovative methods generally suggested that introducing Cramer’s rule as a method for solving systems of linear equations in the middle school can be beneficial and therefore might be considered for inclusion in the middle-school Algebra 1 curriculum more widely in California. Using only quantitative data would not have provided the richness that was derived from using mixed methods (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004). Therefore, qualitative data obtained from students who experienced the innovative method generally supported the quantitative findings concerning the effectiveness of this method for teaching and learning systems of linear equations.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a six-week career planning dropout prevention program on the self-concepts and academic achievement of at-risk middle school students in an inner-city public school environment. The research population consisted of 1,434 students (grades seven, eight and nine) attending an inner city public junior high school in south-central Los Angeles, California. The selection of the research site and sample was based on the assumption that the student population met the criteria and demographic profile of at-risk students: Students are from low-income and/or single parent families; have low achievement scores in reading and mathematics; exhibit a high incidence of truancy, absenteeism and teenage pregnancy; have low career aspirations and plans; and exhibit other related characteristics of at-risk students. The study was conducted from September, 1993 to January, 1994 (fall semester, 1993). All students were selected by random procedure from grades seven, eight and nine. The experimental group consisted of 195 students enrolled in a woodworking class. The control group consisted of 1,239 students who were not enrolled in a woodworking class but were enrolled in other elective classes. The experimental treatment consisted of a six week career planning dropout prevention program. The career planning dropout prevention program was infused into the 20-week woodworking class during the 6th through 12th week, and consisted of seven interrelated topics and lesson plans. The objectives of the study were to research and explore career interests and options, and to construct personal career planning portfolios for students in the experimental group. It was concluded that: a) There were no significant differences between pre and post measures of self-concept in the experimental group, b) There was no significant difference in the pre and post academic achievement scores between the control and experimental groups, c) There was a substantial increase int he academic achievement scores of the experimental group, but this increase did not equal or exceed the alpha value. / Graduation date: 1997

The orientation course in the Sacramento Senior High School has developed withint the school. In making a study of this orientation course, it seems important to make a study of some representative schools in the west and middle west sections of our country. In order to determine that schools where orientation was included in the course of study, I wrote to Professor James H. Corson, Dean of Personnel and Professor of Education in charge of courses of counseling and guidance at the College of the Pacific in Stockton, Califonria. I also wrote to Dr. E. A. Krug, Associate Professor of Education at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Wisconsin. These professors responded promptly, giving lists of schools with notable programs of orientation. Dean Corson's list was mainly of schools in the west, and Dr. Krug's list mentioned some schools in the middle west. To these schools were sent letters of inquiry concerning their orientation set-up and its functioning. The response given by these schools in sending information is very much appreciated. Many local questions have been answered as a result of this study. It is also hoped that when some of the valuable features suggested in the responses are incorporated in our Sacramento course, many students in the future may receive may receive benefit fromits findings.

This study was concerned with the extent of student failures as Modesto High School during the four year period from 1954 to 1958. The administrative staff has always been aware of this problem and the continual waste of student potential. As a result of the marked increase in the number of failing marks received by students in the fall semesters of 1956 and 1957 this situation was brought into sharper focus, and the administrations felt a need for an appropriate study. As a result of the evident increase in the number of failing marks received by students at Modesto High School, this study was initiated for the following purposes: (1) To determine to frequency and the distribution of failing marks for the eight-semester period, from the fall semester for 1954 through the spring semester of 1958.; (2) To compare the frequency and distribution of scholastic failures among the four grades, the four ability groups, and the fifteen departments of the high school; (3) To determine the percentage of students who graduated from Modesto High School after receiving one or more failing marks at any time during the period of this study.; (4) To provide a basis for further study of scholastic failures at Modesto High School.