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This study attempts to answer the question of whether the propaganda of the Swedish political parties ”Socialdemokraterna”, and/or ”Sverigedemokraterna”, used for the election to the European parliament 2009, are to be viewed as populistic. Furthermore, is the propaganda to viewed as included in the ”Classical populism”, the ”New populism”, both, or none of the above genres? With a theoretical approach deriving from earlier works on the subject Classical/New populism from a number of writers, the study uses empirical and qualitative text analysis to study the parties propaganda. For each of the two genres of populism an ideal type is set up, which is used to define their core elements. The empirical material is then put in relation to these two ideal types as a reference point, so that it can be examined systematically. The main result of the study concludes that none of the two ideal types matches the information that can be read out from the party ”Socialdemokraterna”´s election propaganda, and that it therefore is to be regarded as neither ”Classical” nor ”New” populism. ”Sverigedemokraterna”´s propaganda on the other hand, displays all of the characteristics that are defined by the theory used in the study as ”New populism”.

This essay is about democracy and how a democracy index can be used as a tool to illustratethe gap between reality and ideal. The purpose of this study can be expressed by two researchquestions: Does the Economist Intelligence Unit's (EIU) democracy index illustrate thedistance between reality and the ideal of democracy presented by Dahl? and Can the EIU'sdemocracy index be modified by a) internal adjustments and b) using the variables includedin World Economic Forum’s (WEF) equality index? By using a combination of theories (Dahl’s theory of democracy, Rawls theory of justice andchosen theories critical to liberal democracy) as an analytical framework the following twoquestions have been answered:1) Which of the variables included in the EIU's democracy index have the potential to capturethe level of political equality?2) Which of the variables included in the WEF’s equality index have the potential to capturethe degree of political equality? By using a quantitative method the study’s third and last question has been answered:3) How strong is the rank correlation between the EIU’s democracy index and the WEF’sequality index, that is; how strong is the rank correlation coefficient (rho)? The data presented by the WEF’s equality index indicate that women are systematicallydiscriminated against as a group. From a democratic perspective the EIU may need tomeasure inequalities at a group level in order to capture the lack of political equality betweenindividuals. By reformulating some of the EIU’s variables, by revising the EIU’s point systemand by using the variables included in the WEF's equality index to extend EIU’s democracyindex, the chances of capturing the gap between reality and the ideal of democracy presentedby Dahl would likely increase.

The purpose of this paper is to study the subject Islam and Democracy and see what commonalities exist between the two ideas and traditions of thoughts. The subject is topical and often highlighted by the media in the West. The Islamic voices that we hear today is certainly not democratic, given the violence and hatred carried out by Islamic extremists against the West. The investigation of this paper have shown a different direction when there are other voices such as those investigated reformist thinkers who argue that Islam has many democratic elements, and even that Islam is more suitable than democracy. According to the reformists is model of an Islamic state is democratic and legitimate. The research is based on a comprehensive overview of Islam, Sharia Law, the development of political Islam and the reformers by the reformers and advocates for the theoretical point of democracy many democratic elements exist in the reformers islamic modell and traditions of thought.  the sovereignity of god more suitable than sovereignty of the people. Governancevision of an Islamic state. The conclusion shows a comparison between the Islamic modeland the result shows that. Democracy works with different ideass such as socialism, liberalism, conservatism, etc., so why should it not be possible to reconcile Islam and democracy?

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SAMMANFATTNING Vi har inspirerats av en föreläsning av Jennifer Gibson från University of Toronto. I denna presenterades hur man förankrat beslut kring prioriteringar hos medborgarna, och hur man därigenom undvikit kraftiga negativa reaktioner. Det etiska ramverket byggde på den deliberativa demokratiteorin. Erfarenheterna av processen visade att det fanns möjlighet att få acceptans och legitimitet bland medbor-garna för svåra prioriteringar, så kallade wicked-issues. Syftet med uppsatsen var att ta reda på om och hur deliberativa metoder är ett sätt att hantera wicked-issues. Den övergripande frågeställningen är: Vilka kännetecken bör en medborgardialog ha för att vara framgångsrik? För att få svar på frågeställningarna undersöktes följande fall som vi valt ut som star cases: Barcelona, Lewisham, Toronto, Norrbottens läns landsting och Landstinget i Östergötland. Vi beskriver även andra praktiska exempel som får utgöra ytterligare erfarenhetsbas i studien. I arbetet med att identifiera viktiga framgångsfaktorer har vi använt oss av fem forskare inom deliberativ demokratiteori; Habermas, Räftegård, Fishkin, Dryzek och Dahl. Med utgångspunkt i deras teorier har vi tagit fram en analysmodell som innehåller fyra huvudområden; kontext, arrangemang, dialog och effektivitet. Dessa fyra områden innehåller i sin tur ett antal egenskaper. Analysmodellen har använts i en jämförande analys av de valda casen. Vårt resultat visar att nödvändiga kännetecken för att medborgardialogen ska vara framgångsrik är: • Syftet är att samla synpunkter och att diskutera. • Wicked-issues finns i kontexten. • Besluten fattas i ordinarie beslutsinstans • Medborgardialogen genomförs som öppna offentliga möten, dialoger till riktade grupper och dialog via informationsteknologi • Öppet för alla och till berörda av frågeställningen • Tidigt genomförd i processen • Systematiken är delvis utvecklad • Underlag för beslut om prioriteringar • Dialogen är öppen, jämlik, ansvarig och dialogisk • Dialogen är delvis kunskaps- och erfarenhetsbaserad Inte nödvändiga kännetecken är: • Lagstiftning • Parallell intern dialog i organisationen / ABSTRACT This study has been inspired by a lecture given by Jennifer Gibson from University of Toronto. She described how the health care providers had been able to avoid black headlines by public engagement in priority setting. They had used an ethical framework based on the theory of deliberative democracy. Experiences from Toronto gave us a hint of a way to achieve acceptance and legitimacy even for tough decisions concerning priority setting and other wicked-issues. The aim of the study is to find out if and how deliberative methods are a way to deal with wicked-issues. Our main purpose is to point out the qualities of a successful deliberation. In order to get the answer to our scientific questions we examined star cases from Barcelona, Lewisham, Toronto, the County Council of Norrbotten and the County Council of Östergötland. The study also includes ex-periences from public consultations elsewhere. We have studied theories of the scientists Habermas, Räftegård, Fishkin, Dryzek and Dahl in order to identify the key elements of the theory of deliberative democracy. We have chosen four main compo-nents from these theories and put them together in a model that describes the process of public consul-tations. This model has been used to analyze and compare the cases. The four components for delibera-tion are context, arrangements, dialogue and effectiveness. Our results show that necessary variables to make a successful dialogue are: • The purpose is to listen and discuss. • Wicked-issues is a component in the context. • Decisions are taken in ordinary forums • Citizen consultation through open public meetings, dialogues with stakeholders and using information technology • Open for everybody and for those who are concerned by the issues • Early in the process • Partly developed systemathic structure • Decisions of priority settings • An open, equal, responsible dialogue • The dialogue is partly evidencebased Not necessary variables are: • Legislation A parallel dialogue within the organisation

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att beskriva och analysera hur ärenden bereds och beslutas inom två landstingsorganisationer. Fyra forskningsfrågor har vi ställt oss: 1) aktualisering av ett ärende för att bli föremål för ett formellt beslut, 2) den formella och informella beredningen av ett aktualiserat ärende, 3) faktorer som påverkar det slutgiltiga beslutets kvalitet och innehåll, 4) formella krav på ärendeberedningen. En kvalitativ fallstudie av två händelsekedjor har genomförts där teorier kring beslutsprocessen har studerats för att ta reda på vilka faktorer som är av central betydelse i beslutsprocessen. Genom att jämföra hur beredningen inför beslut går till i empirin med teorier om beslutsprocessen har analys av två beslut genomförts - ersättningsmodell och uppdragsmodell. Avgränsningen var att studera beslutsprocessen på förvaltningsnivå från uppdrag till beslut. Slutsatser är att det finns olika sätt som ärenden aktualiseras inom offentlig verksamhet, vilket visar på att makten över dagordningen kan ses som delad mellan politikerna och tjänstemannaledningen. I de fall politikerna har en uttalad vilja att driva ärenden har de också makt att göra det. Samtidigt har tjänstemännen också möjlighet att utöva makt över dagordningen genom att driva ärenden de fångat upp i organisationen. De kan med sin expertkunskap påverka politikerna så att de får upp strategiska frågor på dagordningen. Tre områden har identifierats som påverkar beslutsprocessens kvalitet och innehåll dessa är brister i syfte och mål, tidsplanering och avsaknad av användbara kvalitetsanalyser.

The overarching purpose of this study is to examine the role of the corporation as it expresses itself in a public-private partnership in development cooperation. The research purpose is expressed in the overarching research question: How does the role of the corporation express itself in a PPP in development cooperation? A further purpose of this essay is also to define the characteristics of a successful public-private partnership. Due to limited time and resources the study will be based on the empirical material from a case study on the Growing Sustainable Business initiative of UNDP. Three Swedish corporations participated in this program: ABB, Tetra Pak, and Ericsson. Through studies of ABB and Tetra Pak the essay sets out to answer the empirical research questions: (1) What is considered to be a successful PPP from the Swedish experience? And (2) How does the Swedish experience match the model (of a PPP) presented in the theoretical literature? Stakeholder theory and the theory of corporate social responsibility will be used to explain the role of corporations in public-private partnerships in the context of development cooperation. Public-private partnerships in their theoretical conceptualization are hybrid organization between the state, the market and in some cases also civil society. In order to evaluate the success of such constellations this study draws on an article of Faranak Miraftab, in which not only the effectiveness but also the equity of a PPP is discussed. The material for this study was based on primary sources in the form of interviews conducted with ABB, Tetra Pak, and Sida. Theoretically, the study shows that an increased legitimate power for the corporation comes with a PPP. However, in order for the PPP to be successful for all partners there is a need for increased governmental regulation. The success of a PPP also depends on the behavior of the corporation, and what its interests are. The conclusions drawn from the empirical study is that the role of the corporation changes from the traditional role of shareholder interest to a wider responsibility towards stakeholders. The study can be seen as an initial study for further research in the field of PPPs and development cooperation, but also for studies relating to the responsibilities of corporations as they gain greater political influence.

Abstract     This paper examines the Copenhagen Climate Conference held in the Bella Center in Copenhagen, December 2009. The aim of this paper was to analyse the highly anticipated conference, and why it did not result in a binding protocol between the world’s states. The focus of this paper was to examine two key actors in the Copenhagen negotiations: the people’s republic of China and the European Union. These two actors were analysed by using Elinor Ostroms nobel prize winning theories on how to make common pool resources function. The method used to compare China and the EU was the qualitative text analysis; the texts that were analysed are official documents from the parts respective websites, as well as a number of second hand sources, such as newspaper articles. This paper presents that the EU acted more from a common goods point of view, whereas China acted more out of national interest.         Nyckelord: statsvetenskap, EU, Kina, klimatkonferens, Gemensamma resurser, spelteori, Elinor Ostrom.

The aim and purpose of the following study is twofold. The first part aims at clarifying different models of migration policy available within research of political science. The second part of the study applies the identified models onto an analysis of the official report ”Integrationens svarta bok” and the suggestions the reports presents. The findings of the study are multiple. Amongst other facts we identify a lack of consistently maintaining within the frames of one model, as well as a deficit of consistent usage of rhetoric. It is evident that the conceptions within the report and the report itself do not cohere with the conceptions and the theory of the models. Consequently we argue that the suggestions do not bring about a change in the hierarchical structures that divide and characterize the Swedish society of today. In many cases it is likely that the suggested changes will preserve and enhance these structures.