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Abstract The purpose of this minor thesis is to describe and systematize the Swedish debate about Sweden’s participation in the defence community of the European Union. Should Sweden take part of this or not? My aim is to describe the debate in a structured and legible way, so that the reader can get a comprehensive picture. The questions of the study are: · Which actors join in the Swedish debate about Sweden’s military participation in the EU:s defensive community; the possible common defence of the EU and the EU:s military crisis management? · Which arguments are delivered (for and against) in the debate? To be able to fulfil the aim of this study I have done an argumentation analysis. I have searched the empirical data in literature, periodicals, newspaper articles, articles on the Internet and so on. The results from the analysis show that many different actors have joined the debate since the summer of 2003. I have divided these actors in eight categories: Political parties, Politicians, Newspapers, Writers, Researchers, Military officers, Interest organizations and Foreign actors. The results also show a fairly big number- and variation of arguments. The pro-arguments (arguments for Swedish military participation) are about Sweden’s- and the EU:s needs and duties, Swedish experiences, menaces and terrorism, and the national perspective versus the international perspective. The contra-arguments (arguments against) are about risks and menaces for Sweden, the militarisation of the EU, Sweden’s military costs and resources, the Swedish people, the non-alignment and the UN (United Nations).

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The primary aim of this thesis has been to explore the significance of institutions, specifically property rights, on the establishment of adaptive management systems for natural resources. Another goal has been to contribute to how institutional theory and, in particular, theories of institutional change can be utilized to explain the presence or absence of adaptive management systems. In addition, the importance of conflicting interests regarding management of natural resources, and the effects of these conflicts on establishing adaptive management systems is examined. In Sweden, conflicting interests exist between hunting and the forestry industry. This is because moose cause grazing damage which results in economic losses to the forestry industry, whereas hunters prefer large moose populations to optimize hunting opportunities. Changes in the Swedish official policy have stipulated that formal institutional prerequisites for local adaptive management systems are in place regarding moose management, because landowners have gained increased management rights, including the right to decide moose population size. A quantitative study of Swedish Moose Management Units has revealed that these units are not particularly adaptive. A few hypotheses were stipulated relating to issues such as conflicting interests. The first hypothesis was that the devolution of management rights of moose took place without accompanying restructuring of the public administrative moose management system, and that this has led to isolated MMUs, a hypothesis data support. The second hypothesis was that conflicting interests between hunters and the forestry industry would result in the extent of adaptive management aspects being less when the ownership structure predominantly consists of forestry companies. Empirical analysis showed that there were small statistically- significant differences that could be explained by ownership structure. However, the hypothesis that private ownership would entail more aspects of adaptive management was rejected. The final hypothesis was that neither the forestry industry nor the hunter would achieve the size of moose population desired, and data findings supported this. If the Swedish state is going to implement adaptive management of natural resources, the role of the public administration has to be examined. This study indicates that the "traditional role" of the CABs does not seem conducive to implementing adaptive management. In addition, the study also indicates the importance of changed legislation to promote adaptive management and achieve a balance between flexibility and predictability. Further research concerning the effects of conflicting interests on establishing adaptive management is warranted. / <p>Godkänd; 2006; 20070109 (haneit)</p>

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This study examines the challenges and opportunities for freedom of expression online in Turkey. A qualitative content analysis has been carried out, using annual country reports from Freedom House and the European Union. The analysis is informed by Evgeny Morozov’s theory of internet control. This framework outlines two dimensions to internet control: the technological dimension and the sociopolitical dimension. The results indicates that Turkey's regime exerts a strong control over the Internet through censorship, blocked websites, non-transparent regulatory bodies and violations of user rights. The overall most prominent threat for freedom of expression online in Turkey is the establishment of law number 5651. Various possible solutions to the identified threat are also discussed in the study.

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