It is widely acknowledged that mass media play a central role in circulating and disseminating ideas. Particularly in this globalised era, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the role and impact of news media in shaping public opinion worldwide. During the attacks on New York in September 2001, for instance, CNN - the American cable news network - broadcast across the world twenty-four hours, and most of its reports were translated, or interpreted, into other languages, to be aired in other countries in real time. Most people are thus exposed to extensive reporting every day, but they are not necessarily aware that each news institution promotes, or, at least tries to construct, a particular media discourse according to its political or social orientation. Because of the complexity of mass media discourses, however, it is difficult to demonstrate how the language used participates in constructing and disseminating certain ideologies, or to challenge stereotypes and power relationships. This explains why media, news, political and institutional texts are preferred genres for critical discourse analysts. The extensive body of literature on news media discourses and their impact which draws on critical discourse analysis includes Van Dijk (1988), Fairclough (1995b), Al-Hejin (2007), Kim S (2008), among many others. Translation is a major variable that influences the circulation of ideas and ideologies, and translational choices can participate in provoking (or diffusing) political conflict. At the same time, translation may also challenge dominant discourses. Baker (1996: 14) acknowledges the power of translation, arguing that translation and the study of translation have been used as a "weapon in fighting colonialism, sexism, racism, and so on". And yet, most research on news discourse has so far tended to examine monolingual texts, rather than multilingual texts, including translations, despite the fact that numerous news reports are translated from one language into another on a regular basis. Critical approaches to language study have occasionally been used to investigate translation, in order "to reveal how translation is shaped by ideologies and in this way contributes to the perpetuation or subversion of particular discourses" (Olk 2002: 101), but such studies have remained restricted in scope. Drawing on corpus-based methodology and critical discourse analysis, this study examines US and South Korean news stories published in mainstream media with a view to identifying specific discursive practices relating to North Korea and how they are mediated in translation. The study attempts to analyse the relationship between textual features and practices specific to each news outlet. The corpus for this study consists of two separate sub-corpora, designed and compiled according to the same criteria and specifications: one made up of news texts originally written in English, and the other consisting of translated texts which include English source texts and the target texts translated from English into Korean. The texts are drawn from Newsweek/Newsweek Hangukpan and CNN/CNN Hanguel News. It is hoped that this study will enhance our understanding of some of the ways in which particular media discourses are constructed, disseminated and mediated via translation.

La presente ricerca ha come obiettivo l’analisi del ruolo del traduttore specializzato nel processo di composizione degli articoli di ricerca medici. In particolare, si occupa dell’analisi degli interventi di revisione di due traduttori specializzati, rispettivamente di madrelingua italiana e di madrelingua inglese, su cinque articoli di ricerca scritti da autori italiani in lingua inglese, successivamente pubblicati su riviste internazionali. L’analisi viene affrontata da duplice punto di vista qualitativo e quantitativo. I risultati individuano il tipo di intervento che ogni traduttore realizza nei testi. Inoltre, la ricerca evidenzia nell’intervento del traduttore di madrelingua italiana l’uso di strutture lessicali e fraseologiche meno frequenti nel discorso medico. È quindi possibile concludere che lo studio del processo di revisione del traduttore nella composizione degli articoli di ricerca medici rappresenta un valido strumento per l’analisi dell’uso della lingua inglese nelle comunità di ricerca multilingue. / This dissertation describes the role of the specialized translator in the process of the composition of medical research articles. The dissertation investigates the revisions of two specialized translators, respectively Italian and English native speakers, in five medical research articles written by Italian doctors in English and subsequently published in international specialised medical journals. An analysis of the revisions performed by the native and non-native speakers is undertaken using qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results of this analysis describe the respective changes that each translator makes to the texts, and explains how the final text is mediated differently by native and non-native speaking translators. The research highlights that the Italian translator introduces lexical and phraseologic features that are less frequently used in medical discourse. I conclude that this has implications for understanding the way in which English is used in multi-lingual research communication, and suggest that the study of the intervention of the translator in the process of medical research article composition is a useful way of analysing the developing profile of the use of English in multi-lingual research communities.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T11:32:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Wilton Divino da Silva Júnior - 2018.pdf: 1296245 bytes, checksum: 944958381b686446d6837a8294f8e2f7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T11:41:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Wilton Divino da Silva Júnior - 2018.pdf: 1296245 bytes, checksum: 944958381b686446d6837a8294f8e2f7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T11:41:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Wilton Divino da Silva Júnior - 2018.pdf: 1296245 bytes, checksum: 944958381b686446d6837a8294f8e2f7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / The general hypothesis of this research is centered on the reflections about the possibility of operationalizing the idea of transgression as a functional concept for the studies of discourse. This study is based on a Foucauldian approach to discourse, inscribing itself in a philosophical position, much more than in a theory or method. At first, we try to think of transgression within the Foucauldian approach, from the crossings that the notions of event, truth, power, apparatus (dispositif) and certain practice of analysis of statements promote within the limits of an academic practice based on positivist procedures which upholds the notions of tradition, progress, exclusion from the heterogeneous, the ultimate truth, and finally, the homogenization of knowledge and practices. Simultaneously, I tried to highlight the points in which the Foucauldian notions contribute to illuminate conceptual and operational formulations of the idea of transgression. This research assumes an epistemological posture, because it aims to think the construction of a system of conceptual formation, however, because it is inscribed in the field of discursive studies, it sought to illustrate this construction from specific analysis of dictionary entries, journalistic news, the practice of pixação and two literary works by the Portuguese author José Saramago: The Gospel According to Jesus Christ and Cain. The analysis of these works sought to mark the singularity of the operation of transgression in literary discourse, considering the procedure of literary re-reading of history as a mechanism of transgression. Therefore, starting with Foucault's point of view on transgression in a text of 1963, we identify, based on the discursive analysis carried out, seven conceptual points for the idea of transgression, namely: (1) "transgression is a gesture concerning the limit "(FOUCAULT, 2006a); (2) transgression is of the order of the event; (3) transgression is a discussion about truth; (4) transgression is a discursive investment; (5) transgression is a discursive machine that moves the relevance of tradition; (6) transgression is a strategy of resistance; (7) transgression is one of constituents of an apparatus (dispositif). Finally, this research sought to cover some different fields of knowledge, discourse, and practices to reflect on transgression and viability, even the need for its operationalization to analyze discourses. / A hipótese geral desta pesquisa centra-se nas reflexões em torno da possibilidade de operacionalizar a ideia de transgressão como um conceito funcional para os estudos do discurso. Este estudo fundamenta-se em uma abordagem foucaultiana dos discursos, inscrevendo-se em uma postura filosófica, muito mais do que em uma teoria ou método. Procura-se, inicialmente, pensar a transgressão atuante no interior da abordagem foucaultiana, a partir dos atravessamentos que as noções de acontecimento, verdade,poder, dispositivo e de determinada prática de análise de enunciados promovem nos limites de um fazer acadêmico pautado nos procedimentos positivistas que sustentam a tradição, o progresso, a exclusão do heterogêneo, a verdade definitiva, enfim, a homogeneização dos saberes e das práticas. Simultaneamente, buscou-se evidenciar os pontos em que as noções foucaultianas contribuem para iluminar formulações conceituais e operacionais da ideia de transgressão. Esta pesquisa assume um caráter epistemológico, pois objetiva pensar a construção de um sistema de formação conceitual, entretanto, porque inscrita no campo dos estudos discursivos, procurou ilustrar essa construção a partir de análises pontuais de verbetes dicionarizados, de notícias jornalísticas, da prática de pixação e de duas obras literárias do autor português José Saramago: O evangelho segundo Jesus Cristo e Caim. A análise dessas obras procurou marcar a singularidade do funcionamento da transgressão no discurso literário, considerando o procedimento de releitura literária da história como um mecanismo transgressor. Portanto, partindo do apontamento de Foucault sobre a transgressão em um texto de 1963, identificamos, neste estudo a partir das análises discursivas realizadas, sete apontamentos conceituais para a ideia de transgressão, quais sejam: (1) “a transgressão é um gesto relativo ao limite” (FOUCAULT, 2006a); (2) a transgressão é da ordem do acontecimento; (3) a transgressão é uma discussão em torno da verdade; (4) a transgressão é um investimento discursivo; (5) a transgressão é uma máquina discursiva que move a pertinência da tradição; (6) a transgressão é estratégia de resistência; (7) a transgressão é uma das linhas de força constitutivas de um dispositivo. Enfim, essa pesquisa buscou percorrer alguns diferentes campos de saber, de discurso, de práticas para refletir em torno da transgressão, a viabilidade, e mesmo a necessidade de sua operacionalização para analisar discursos.

The thesis seeks to analyse media discourse of four print media in Great Britain and in France in the time period between January 2014 and November 2015 to determine what changes in media discourse occurred after the terrorist attacks on the Charlie Hebdo offices in Paris and how were the domestic Muslim communities affected. Thesis draws on the theories of securitization, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discourse Historical Analysis and media studies. The two countries are contrasted in terms of their approaches to integration (multiculturalism and assimilation). Corpus consisting of articles drawn from online databases of two French and two British national newspapers is analysed.

No description available.

This study is a critical analysis of translation-mediated Arabic news items on the “Arab Spring”. It explores the influence of social, historical, political, localic, and socio-ideological aspects of news translation via certain media agendas, by applying Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and qualitative descriptive methods in the analysis of the localised news items, interviews with translators, and a corpus of comments by the Arabic-speaking readership. The data analysed in this case study comprise a four-year (2010-2014) collection of news items that were localised by Al Jazeera and published on its website, as well as readers’ commentaries on said localisations, and interviews with two of Al Jazeera’s translators. Making use of this rich source of data, this study aims at finding answers for the questions: Are there discernible patterns in the translated texts? If so, how and for what purpose are they produced and re-produced through localisation in Al Jazeera’s translation-mediated Arabic news articles? Whose interests are served and whose interests are annulled by the reproduction and localisation processes? The three sets of data were thematically coded; then their most salient points and arguments were analysed. The localised news items were examined for clues to the localisation techniques, ideologies, and the agenda(s) of Al Jazeera. The readers’ comments were probed for the influence that the localised news items had on Al Jazeera’s target readership, and were examined to find out which of Al Jazeera’s ideologies resonate with which readers to form Al Jazeera’s target locale(s). The analysis of the interviews with Al Jazeera’s translators was undertaken with the aim of delineating the tasks of these translators, specifically to see to what extent journalism and translation meld, as suggested in much of the research done so far on translating news items. The tripartite analysis has provided a more comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in the production of translation-mediated news items as well as their effect on the readership. It also suggests relatively new insights into viewing the term localisation as a good alternative to acculturation in accounting for news translation. Within the umbrella of the social turn in translation studies (TS), this study suggests that current approaches to studying news translation question large-scale concepts such as culture and acculturation, and proposes they be replaced with the small-scale concepts of locale and localisation. Hence, this study suggests using localisation to extract and understand the underlying particulars of the processes involved in producing translation-mediated news items. The results of the analysis show that Al Jazeera ostensibly promulgates three major ideologies: anti-regimism, Islamistism, and pan-Arabism and embeds these ideologies in the messages it delivers to its target locales through the localised news items. The study concludes that Al Jazeera’s localisation techniques reflect the viewpoints of its benefactor the State of Qatar whose goal is to create a solipsistic identity that distinguishes it from its immediate rivalling neighbours within a dichotomy of the Same and the Other. These localisation techniques are driven by motives associated with the sociopolitical and sociohistorical circumstances of the founding of the State of Qatar and Al Jazeera.