Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This body of work is the result of practice based research, culminating in a collection of five garments featuring pictorial prints, created through digital sublimation printing¹. The accompanying exegesis examines the place of my work within the contextual framework of related knowledge. The exegesis explores two main contextual notions. Firstly, the position of dolls' clothing play as a hegemonic tool in the process of learning to construct identity through self-presentation. This reflects on the practice of enculturing in girls the ability not just to do, but to observe oneself whilst doing. Secondly, the role of garments and fabric as liminal² markers at the transitional space between interior and exterior, domestic and public, self and not-self. My analysis is centered on the creation of original pieces of clothing. The garments are questioned by the issues explored in this exegesis. The research makes an original contribution to the body of knowledge by the nature of the creative work, and its analysis involving contemporary theoretical debate on the nature of fashion. ¹ Sublimation printing is a method of chemically bonding ink to a polyester or acrylic surface such as fabric, using extremely high heat and pressure. In this research project I am bonding images of photographs to polyester and acrylic fabrics. ² In this exegesis I use the word liminal to describe an occupying of an ambiguous space, on the threshold between one thing and another.

Modelling the energy exchange between the snowpack and the atmosphere is critical for many hydrological applications. Of the terms present in the snow energy balance, the turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat are the most challenging to estimate, particularly within mountain environments where the hydrological importance is great. Many of the flux estimation techniques, such as the bulk transfer method, are poorly adapted for use in complex terrain. In order to characterize the turbulence and to assess the suitability of flux estimation techniques, eddy covariance flux measurements and supporting meteorological data were collected from two mountain valley forest openings in Kananaskis Country, AB. These sites were generally calm, however wind gusts were frequently observed which markedly affected the turbulence characteristics and increased the rates of momentum and heat transfer. In order to successfully apply the bulk transfer technique at these sites, it was necessary to use environment-specific transfer coefficients to account for the effect of the surrounding complex terrain. These observations were compared with data collected on a treeless alpine ridge near Whitehorse, YT, where it was found that many of the turbulence characteristics were similar to flat sites. However, the boundary layer formed over the alpine ridge was very thin and the site was poorly suited for estimating surface fluxes. The mountain results were further contrasted with data collected over a homogeneous and flat prairie site located near Saskatoon, SK. This site included measurement of all of the snow energy terms, permitting an estimate of the energy balance closure obtainable over snow surfaces. The observed energy balance residual was very large, indicating that the eddy covariance technique was unable to capture all of the turbulent energy. It was concluded that an unmeasured transfer of sensible heat was occurring which was strongly correlated with the long-wave radiation balance. Mechanisms for this relationship were hypothesized. Two snow energy balance models were used to investigate the energy imbalance, where it was observed that the flux terms could be suitably simulated if effective parameters were used to augment the sensible heat transfer rate. The results from this thesis contribute to the understanding of heat transfer processes over snow surfaces during mid-winter conditions and improve the ability to model turbulent heat and mass fluxes from snow surfaces in complex environments.

Modelling the energy exchange between the snowpack and the atmosphere is critical for many hydrological applications. Of the terms present in the snow energy balance, the turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat are the most challenging to estimate, particularly within mountain environments where the hydrological importance is great. Many of the flux estimation techniques, such as the bulk transfer method, are poorly adapted for use in complex terrain. In order to characterize the turbulence and to assess the suitability of flux estimation techniques, eddy covariance flux measurements and supporting meteorological data were collected from two mountain valley forest openings in Kananaskis Country, AB. These sites were generally calm, however wind gusts were frequently observed which markedly affected the turbulence characteristics and increased the rates of momentum and heat transfer. In order to successfully apply the bulk transfer technique at these sites, it was necessary to use environment-specific transfer coefficients to account for the effect of the surrounding complex terrain. These observations were compared with data collected on a treeless alpine ridge near Whitehorse, YT, where it was found that many of the turbulence characteristics were similar to flat sites. However, the boundary layer formed over the alpine ridge was very thin and the site was poorly suited for estimating surface fluxes. The mountain results were further contrasted with data collected over a homogeneous and flat prairie site located near Saskatoon, SK. This site included measurement of all of the snow energy terms, permitting an estimate of the energy balance closure obtainable over snow surfaces. The observed energy balance residual was very large, indicating that the eddy covariance technique was unable to capture all of the turbulent energy. It was concluded that an unmeasured transfer of sensible heat was occurring which was strongly correlated with the long-wave radiation balance. Mechanisms for this relationship were hypothesized. Two snow energy balance models were used to investigate the energy imbalance, where it was observed that the flux terms could be suitably simulated if effective parameters were used to augment the sensible heat transfer rate. The results from this thesis contribute to the understanding of heat transfer processes over snow surfaces during mid-winter conditions and improve the ability to model turbulent heat and mass fluxes from snow surfaces in complex environments.

This body of work is the result of practice based research, culminating in a collection of five garments featuring pictorial prints, created through digital sublimation printing¹. The accompanying exegesis examines the place of my work within the contextual framework of related knowledge. The exegesis explores two main contextual notions. Firstly, the position of dolls' clothing play as a hegemonic tool in the process of learning to construct identity through self-presentation. This reflects on the practice of enculturing in girls the ability not just to do, but to observe oneself whilst doing. Secondly, the role of garments and fabric as liminal² markers at the transitional space between interior and exterior, domestic and public, self and not-self. My analysis is centered on the creation of original pieces of clothing. The garments are questioned by the issues explored in this exegesis. The research makes an original contribution to the body of knowledge by the nature of the creative work, and its analysis involving contemporary theoretical debate on the nature of fashion. ¹ Sublimation printing is a method of chemically bonding ink to a polyester or acrylic surface such as fabric, using extremely high heat and pressure. In this research project I am bonding images of photographs to polyester and acrylic fabrics. ² In this exegesis I use the word liminal to describe an occupying of an ambiguous space, on the threshold between one thing and another.

L’objectif principal de ce travail était l’étude et l’optimisation du procédé de lyophilisation en milieu aqueux et organique de l’ibuprofène. Une étude comparative approfondie a été réalisée à différents stades de la fabrication de l’ibuprofène lyophilisé pour les deux formulations étudiées. Cette étude comparative a été menée sur l’étape de formulation, sur le procédé de lyophilisation (congélation, sublimation, désorption) et sur les propriétés finales du produit (humidité, réhydratabilité, aspect…). On a observé, que l’utilisation comme solvant du mélange eutectique A, correspondant à une composition de 20% en TBA + 80% en eau (% massique), permettait une forte augmentation de la solubilité de l’ibuprofène et conduisait pour les mêmes conditions opératoires (Tshelf et Pc), à une augmentation des cinétiques de séchage d’un facteur 1,8, par rapport aux résultats observés avec la formulation d’ibuprofène à base aqueuse. Par ailleurs, la détermination expérimentale des valeurs des pressions de vapeur à l’équilibre solide-vapeur et de l’enthalpie de sublimation a été effectuée par deux méthodes différentes : la méthode thermogravimétrique et la méthode statique. Ces déterminations nous ont permis de conclure que l’augmentation des cinétiques de sublimation résultait essentiellement des valeurs plus élevées de la pression de vapeur à l’équilibre solide-vapeur et d’une valeur plus faible de l’enthalpie de sublimation de l’eutectique A par rapport à la glace. Ces données thermodynamiques ont aussi été utilisées comme paramètres clefs pour la modélisation de l’étape de sublimation sous Comsol Multiphysics. In fine, l’optimisation des paramètres opératoires de l’étape de sublimation par la méthodologie du Design Space a conduit à un lyophilisat final d’ibuprofène formulé à base organique qui satisfait entièrement aux critères standard de qualités recherchés (couleur, aspect, résidus de solvants etc). Un développement industriel de la formulation à base de co-solvant organique apparait plus avantageux qu’avec la formulation à base aqueuse. / The main objective of this work was the study and the optimization of the freeze-drying process of ibuprofen with aqueous and/or organic based formulations. A detailed comparative study was realized at different steps of the ibuprofen freeze-drying process for both types of investigated formulations. This comparative study was realized at the succesives stages of freezing, sublimation and desorption and also concerned some properties of the final freeze-dried product (humidity, rehydratability, aspect…). We observed that the use of eutectic A mixture, corresponding to 20 % TBA + 80 % water (mass %) as co-solvent, allowed a strong increase of the solubility of ibuprofen and for the same operating conditions (Tshelf and Pc), led to an increase of drying kinetics values by a factor 1.8 by comparison to aqueous based formulations of ibuprofen. Besides, the experimental determination of equilibrium solid-vapour pressure and of sublimation enthaly values was carried out by using two different methods: the thermogravimetic method and the static method.These determinations allowed to conclude that the increase of sublimation kinetics resulted essentially from the higher equilibrium solid-vapour pressure values and from the lower sublimation enthalpy value of eutectic A by camparison to pure ice values. Next, these thermodynamical data were used as key parameters in the modelling of the sublimation stage under Comsol Multiphysics. In fine, the overall optimization of the operating parameters of sublimation stage was achieved by using the Design Space aproach. It proved that the organic based formulation led to final freeze-died cakes which fulfilled largely the main quality criteria (color, aspect, solvents residues, etc.). Thus, the development of an ibuprofen freeze-drying process with organic based formulation seems more advantageous than an aqueous based formulation process.

The growth of bulk cubic silicon carbide has for a long time seemed to be something for the future. However, in this thesis the initial steps towards bulk cubic silicon carbide have been taken. The achievement of producing bulk cubic silicon carbide will have a great impact in various fields of science and industry such as for example the fields of semiconductor technology within electronic- and optoelectronic devices and bio-medical applications. The process that has been used to grow the bulk cubic silicon carbide is a modification of the seeded sublimation growth, and the seeds have been grown by sublimation epitaxy. Selected samples have been characterized with a variety of different methods. The surface morphology of the samples has been examined using optical microscope, atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope. The crystal structure has been investigated by the methods X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The electrical resistance of the grown seeds was evaluated by four probe measurements. High crystal quality seeds have been grown with semiconductor properties and bulk silicon carbide was demonstrated using the seeds.

Habilitationsschrift - Würzburg. / Bibliography: p. 241-263.

Cette recherche se propose de réaliser une lecture critique de l’œuvre d’Andrea Zanzotto (1921-2011) à travers la perspective du “registre du réel”, un des points conceptuels fondateurs de la théorie du psychanalyste Jacques Lacan (1901-1981). En prenant comme point de départ les résultats de Stefano Agosti (1930), critique psychanalytique qui a exploré avec profit la poésie de Zanzotto à travers les concepts de la phase structuraliste de la pensée lacanienne, on essaie de continuer cette exploration à travers les concepts de la phase du réel, c’est-à-dire de ce qui est exclu de l’ordre du langage.La recherche se compose de trois parties: une traversée de certains points de l’itinéraire zanzottien (partie I), des analyses textuelles détaillées (partie II) et une étude du rôle du lecteur et de certains éléments du paratexte (partie III). Trois explorations intégrées qui contribuent à comprendre le rapport de la poésie de Zanzotto avec la dimension du non-sens, de l’impossible à dire. / This research aims to realize a critical reading of the work of the Italian poet Andrea Zanzotto through the perspective of the Lacanian Real. What is Lacan’s Real? The real is a domain that is outside language, “that which resists symbolization absolutely” (Lacan).The work is composed of three parts. In the first one, we shall go through the poetical itinerary in order to describe the relationship of the poet with the fundamental object of his poetical universe: the landscape. In the second part, entitled Textual analysis, we shall verify the hypothesis of the first part on four single texts, describing particularly the typical unstructured textuality of Zanzotto’s poetry.In the last part, we shall both pay attention on Zanzotto’s idea of reading and on the idea of the paratext. At this level, the analysis shows us the changes of the structural shapes facing the void and the lack of meaning from another point of view.

Malgré les avantages potentiels des dispositifs électroniques organiques tels que la flexibilité et des procédés de fabrication peu coûteux, ils nécessitent des améliorations en termes de performance et de durée de vie. Dans ce contexte, l’ingénierie des interfaces joue un rôle primordial et le dopage, qui permet le contrôle de la position du niveau de Fermi et qui a fortement contribué au succès des semi-conducteurs inorganiques, est une des techniques méritant d’être explorée.Ce travail décrit donc l’analyse du dopage de semi-conducteurs organiques déposés par co-sublimation sous vide en vue d’améliorer l’extraction et le transport de charges dans des dispositifs électroniques et plus particulièrement dans des cellules photovoltaïques organiques (OPV). L’évolution de la conductivité électrique, du coefficient Seebeck et de la morphologie est discutée pour des dopages de type p et de type n de différents matériaux avant d’être utilisés comme couches d’interface dans des cellules OPV. Dans la majorité des cas, l’utilisation de ces couches d’interface a permis l’amélioration du contact aux interfaces organique/électrode mais aussi une amélioration de la sélectivité des contacts diminuant ainsi les chutes de tension. Des rendements à l’état de l’art ont alors pu être obtenus en insérant certaines de ces couches dopées dans des cellules solaires à base de P3HT:PCBM.De plus, suite au récent intérêt de la communauté scientifique pour la thermoélectricité organique dont l’optimisation nécessite le contrôle du niveau de dopage, ces couches dopées ont également été considérées pour élaborer un prototype d’un dispositif thermoélectrique planaire. / Despite the potential advantages of the organic electronic devices such as flexibility and inexpensive manufacturing processes, they require improvements in terms of performance and lifetime. In this context, engineering interfaces plays an important role and doping, which allows the controlled position of the Fermi level and which has significantly contributed to the success of inorganic semiconductors, is a technique deserving to be explored.This work therefore describes the analysis of doped organic semiconductors deposited by co-sublimation in vacuum to improve the charge extraction and transport in electronic devices and more particularly in organic photovoltaic cells (OPV). The change in electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and morphology is discussed for both p and n-type doping of different materials, before being used as interface layers in OPV cells. In most cases, the introduction of these interface layers has improved contact at organic / electrode interfaces and has enhanced the selectivity of the contacts which has reduced the voltage drops. State-of-the-art efficiencies could then be obtained by inserting some of these doped layers in solar cells based on P3HT: PCBM.Moreover, following the recent interest of the scientific community for organic thermoelectricity whose optimization requires the control of the doping level, these doped layers were also studied and considered to develop a prototype of a planar thermoelectric device.