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Submitted by Andrea Riechert Senko (andreasenko@gmail.com) on 2015-10-27T12:17:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Andrea Riechert Senko.pdf: 2257517 bytes, checksum: 7db2f07aa14ee7918bea335a4bf4d133 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-10-29T11:54:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Andrea Riechert Senko.pdf: 2257517 bytes, checksum: 7db2f07aa14ee7918bea335a4bf4d133 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-10-30T12:32:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Andrea Riechert Senko.pdf: 2257517 bytes, checksum: 7db2f07aa14ee7918bea335a4bf4d133 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-30T12:32:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Andrea Riechert Senko.pdf: 2257517 bytes, checksum: 7db2f07aa14ee7918bea335a4bf4d133 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-09 / This study aims to estimate the impact on income generated by the intermunicipal public transportation fare subsidy policy in the metropolitan region of the State of Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ) called Bilhete Único Intermunicipal (BUI) program. We used municipal level retail sales tax (ICMS) collection as a 'proxy' of income and estimated the impact of the BUI program through three variations of a differences-in-differences model (DD), for three different definitions of treatment and control groups, considering the period from January 2006 to January 2010 as pre-intervention and February 2010 to December 2014 as post-intervention. The first definition of control and treatment groups compared the evolution of the ICMS retail sales tax collection between municipalities participating in the program as the treatment group and unaffected municipalities located in the border region to RMRJ as the control group. The second definition employed the same control group, but used only the municipalities subject to intervention located more than 30 km away from the capital Rio de Janeiro as the treatment group. Finally, as a robustness test, treatment and control groups were selected via matching. We find generally positive impacts of the BUI on ICMS retail sales tax collection for the municipalities subjected to the public transportation fare subsidy policy, especially for the second and third definitions of control and treatment groups, suggesting an increase in income of its inhabitants after the introduction of the BUI program. / Este trabalho objetiva verificar o impacto na renda gerado pelo programa de subsídio tarifário para passageiros de transporte intermunicipal da região metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ), denominado Programa Bilhete Único Intermunicipal (BUI). Para cálculo do impacto foi utilizada a arrecadação do ICMS do comércio varejista como 'proxy' da renda. O método para cálculo do impacto foi o de diferença de diferença (DD) para três definições distintas de grupos de tratamento e controle, considerando o período de janeiro de 2006 a janeiro de 2010 como pré-intervenção e fevereiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2014 como pós-intervenção. A primeira definição comparou a evolução de arrecadação do tributo entre os municípios participantes do programa e os municípios fluminenses situados na região limítrofe à RMRJ como grupo de controle. O segundo exercício manteve o mesmo grupo de controle, porém utilizou apenas os municípios sujeitos à intervenção situados a mais de 30 km de distância da capital Rio de Janeiro como grupo de tratamento. Por fim, como teste de robustez, os grupos de tratamento e controle foram selecionados utilizando o método de pareamento (matching). Através de três variações do modelo de DD para cada definição, foi possível encontrar resultados de impacto positivos na arrecadação de ICMS do comércio varejista para os municípios participantes do programa, em especial para os segundo e terceiro exercícios, o que sugere um aumento na renda de seus habitantes após a introdução do Bilhete Único.

The inadequate housing allowance, rental allowance, taxable subsidies and housing shortages in developing countries are some of the challenges of the 21st century. Namibia is no exception. The study is aimed at figuring out whether government actions and interventions are meant to address homelessness challenges for low-income households. Furthermore, the research problem is broadened to gain insight on the effects from four countries’ housing policies as covered in the study; namely Namibia, Botswana, Nigeria and South Africa. The literature review undertaken proved that Botswana and South Africa have the best housing allowance schemes for public servants below management cadres, and have already successfully addressed public housing problems in their respective countries. Other findings of the study are; land shortage for housing development, housing affordability problems, escalating prices for building materials, lack of intergovernmental relations systems, unemployment and low incomes. Several recommendations include; to assist the Namibian government to emulate good examples of Botswana and South Africa, especially by providing land free of charge to its citizens (in the case of Botswana), solve financial institutions’ attitude of denying low-in-come earners loans, review housing allowances, rent allowances and subsidies every two years, increase government/member contribution ratios to either 50 percent or 100 percent due to high inflation rates. Stop distorting housing market prices by property developers and come up with a housing pricing policy for Namibia. / Public Administration / M.A. (Public Administration)

Landuse for farming purposes in specially protected areas could be characterised as a longterm process of seeking balance between the concerns of environmental protection and farming activities. This is also true for agriculture. Precautions to protect the environment mean certain limitiation, however, on the other hand, suitable forms of farming a large protected area can be supported by the state. Farmers can gain the government support not only for their own agricultural production but also to carry out various environmental task to maintain the landscape. This diploma thesis evaluates the use of governmental support in the protected area Třeboňsko. It analyses the structure of farms and agriculture companies, the system of farming activities, structure and development of farmland. According to the system of farming, it evaluates the use of financial support from the Ministry of Agriculture with the emphasis on the environmental protection and its improvement. It also finds out about the importance of the subsidies for the farmers. Based on the analyses that were carried out it is possible to say that all types of farming companies make use of the subsidy support from the Ministry of Agriculture. The farmers use the Programme for Rural Areas Development to permanently develop the country and improve the environmment. They use mainly the payments for natural disadvantage compensation and for agroenvironmental precautions. The subsidies often form a substantial source of the farming subjects' income.

The work is focused on the issue of parameterization of the enterprise capabilities of its multifunction, stabilisation and growth by means of the non-capital measures. The basic terms and categories of this issue are characterized in the search section such as the agrarian sector and its position in the national economy of the Czech Republic, the common agricultural policy, rural development programme, the marginality, the LFA, the sustainability of agriculture, business multifunctional potential and its diversification, the financial health of the company, creditworthy and bankruptcy models. Doctoral dissertation tasks were solved on the file of legal entities in the South Bohemia region (229 farms - i.e. 1,504 statistical units) in the years 2005-2010, after the correction then on 214 agricultural holdings with the initial year 2010 and a scientific experiment was performed on 5 model enterprises with the initial year 2012. The main outputs of the dissertation are as follows: definition of zoning formulas, new theoretical defining business multifunctional potential including the methodology for determining business potential and its parameterization. Investigation was carried out on the test set of agricultural enterprises through models of non-investment measures, including subsidies; consideration was given to progressive increases and size degression. Variants of optimization (profit maximization and advantages of livestock production) were tested at scientific experiment on five chosen enterprises. The result of multifunctional potential parameterization process is also expressed in differentiation of the test set on creditworthy businesses and non-performing businesses and businesses falling into, so-called, a gray area. Solving the dissertation was connected to the state task of the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information (IAEI, Prague) in preparation for the new programming period, the Rural Development Programme for the years 2014-2020 and the government document Strategy of Agriculture and Food Industry of the Czech Republic.

The aim of thesis was to analyze the South Bohemian organic dairy production and distribution of organic milk. The thesis focuses on farm production, distribution channels and the application of the regional market. Through the processing of data from the database of the Institute of Agriculture Economics and Information and a questionnaire survey conducted at the level of organic farmers farming in the South Bohemian Region with a valid certificate for the milk production was assessed the development and the current market situation of organic milk production in the South Bohemian Region.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o balanço econômico de uma política de incentivos para as fontes de energia renovável, analisando em particular o caso das PCHs (Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétrica) inseridas no Proinfa, o Programa de Incentivo às Fontes Alternativas de Energia Elétrica. A análise é desenvolvida tomando por base a internalização de custos e benefícios para a sociedade do referido Programa. Dentre os benefícios, estão destacados o desenvolvimento de uma fonte alternativa de energia que diminui os impactos ambientais devidos às emissões de gases poluentes, tal como o CO2, NOx o SO2 e o material particulado. Dentre seus custos, o imposto a ser cobrado se faz necessário para que programas dessa natureza se realizem. Para tanto, a revisão da literatura se concentra em assuntos concernentes à avaliação de programas de incentivos, bem como sobre o desenho de políticas de subsídio e das formas que a economia encontra para lidar com externalidades. Em seguida, analisam-se as estruturas propostas de incentivos, verificando-se, à luz da teoria, se essas estruturas são apropriadas aos seus fins e procedendo-se a uma análise de custo/benefício destas. / This work has the objective to evaluate the economic balance of an incentive policy for renewable energy source (RES), in particular it analyses the SHP (Small Hydropower Plant) case into the Context of Proinfa, the Brazilian alternative electrical energy source incentive program. This analysis is developed considering the point of view of internalizing the costs and benefits for the society. Among the benefits could be highlighted the development of a RES that reduces environmental impacts caused by pollutant gas emissions, such as CO2, NOx, SOx and particulated material, among the costs is the tax necessary to support this kind of program. To achieve this objective, the literature revision was focused on subjects related to evaluation of an incentive program as well as on the design of subsidy policies and how the economy deals with externalities. Also it is analyzed the incentives framework proposed, verifying based on the economic theory, if this framework is suitable to its own aims, and at the end it is proceed a cost benefit analysis of this structure.

Magister Legum - LLM