The purpose of this study was to determine what influence scheduled phone contacts would have on the extent of follow-through of continuing care recommednations by participants after treatment. Continuing care recommendations associated with ongoing sobriety include going to another level of care (individual therapy, group therapy, outpatient treatment), attending twelve-step meetings and communicating with a sponsor. Continuing care recommendations are typically written and referred to as a continuing care plan.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Vad försöker man göra inom ungdomsinriktad drogprevention och vad uppfattas som viktigt? Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vad som händer inom preventionsarbete i Thailand. Analys med grounded theory av intervjuer med 27 personer, främst thailändare, med praktisk erfarenhet av drogpreventiv verksamhet. Motkrafter till missbruk i Thailand genomsyras av en moraliskt betingad grundhållning med en i grunden autonom människosyn. Genom sociala och pedagogiska nätverk, positiva alternativ, utveckling, relevanta budskap och kritiskt tänkande arbetar man med målgruppen för de preventiva insatserna som en autonom och aktiv part. Arbetet kräver en problemanalys och stödinsatser ges baserade på tillit. Likaså vill preventionsarbetarna bli betraktade med tillit av exempelvis överordnade instanser. Skillnader finns mellan hållningen på basnivå och centralt deklarerade "krig mot narkotikan". Målgruppen för drogpreventiva insatser bör betraktas som en aktiv part att samverka med för att uppnå hållbara resultat.

Vythilingum, B. et.al. 2012. Risk factors for substance use in pregnant women in South Africa. South African medical journal, 102(11):851-854 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objectives. To study the prevalence of alcohol and substance use in a South African antenatal population and its correlates with sociodemographic factors, depression and perceived stress. Methods. A prospective self-report study on all women presenting for their first antenatal visit who consented to the study at a midwife obstetric unit (MOU) in the East Metropole district, Cape Town, using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Statistical analyses using the chi-square test, separate one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression analyses were performed as appropriate. Outcome measures were depression, alcohol use and substance use. Results. The questionnaire was completed by 323 women. During pregnancy 36.8% of women smoked, 20.2% used alcohol and 4% used substances. Using EDS cut-off scores of 12 and 15, respectively, 48.9% and 33.6% of the sample had scores consistent with major depression. An EDS cut-off score of 12 was significantly associated with both alcohol use (25.9% v. 15.2%, p=0.019) and risky drinking (76.9% v. 36.8%, p=0.04), while an EDS cut-off score of 15 was significantly associated with substance use (8.2% v. 1.4%, p=0.004) as well as alcohol dependence (23.1% v. 3.1%). Conclusions. We found high rates of both alcohol abuse and antenatal depression, and a significant association between depression, substance use and alcohol abuse; EDS scores greater than 12 could be used to identify women at risk of alcohol dependence and/or substance abuse. / Publishers' version

Background: A history of complex trauma alters basic self-structure, attachment system and core areas of interpersonal functioning and relationships. There is increasing recognition of the high proportions of complex trauma histories within substance misusers and limited research into the sequelae of complex trauma, particularly in relation to comorbid complex trauma and substance misuse. There is a distinct lack of adequate theory and guidelines for treatment. Research Aim: to explore psychologist’s experiences of and perspectives about their work with substance misusers with a history of complex trauma. Complex trauma is a term used to describe experience’s which arise from severe, prolonged and repeated trauma which is often interpersonal in nature. Courtois & Ford (2009) have defined complex trauma as “involving stressors that: are repetitive or prolonged, involve direct harm and/or neglect and abandonment by ostensibly responsible adults, occur at developmentally vulnerable times in the victim’s life, such as early childhood, have great potential to compromise severely a child’s development.” (p1). The prototype trauma that was first described under the term complex trauma was child abuse and neglect. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven clinical and counselling substance misuse psychologists working across four health boards in Central Scotland. The data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Six main superordinate themes emerged from the data: 1. Challenges in negotiating therapeutic relationship; 2. Balancing relational forces; 3. Walking the tightrope of comorbidity; 4. Conceptual dearth (surrounding complex trauma); 5. Emotional impact of Work, and, 6. Core role of therapeutic relationship (in treatment and recovery). Discussion: Participants accounts suggest there are many risks to balance as well as paradoxes inherent in this type of work. The nature of a history of complex trauma means that often clients have difficulties with attachment and relational aspects in their lives, which in turn affect their engagement in the therapeutic relationship. The findings of this study suggest that it is precisely because relationships seem so threatening and challenging for these clients, that the therapeutic relationship appears to form such a vital role in the therapeutic treatment and recovery process for these client.

Syftet med studien var att belysa professionellas uppfattning om och  erfarenhetav multipelt substansbrukssyndrom samt deras tankar om hur problematiken s hanteras och åtgärdas för att skapa positiv förändring hos klienter. Till studi användes kvalitativ metod med utgångspunkt från hermeneutike Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem respondenter från två oli verksamheter. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är West’s (2006) motivationsteo PRIME. Studiens andra teoretiska utgångspunkt är Von Wright’s (201 pedagogiska rekonstruktion av G.H. Meads teori om  människo intersubjektivitet. Resultatet visade att respondenterna kände till diagnossystem DSM-5. De definierade multipelt substansbrukssyndrom som blandmissbru Resultatet visade också att de professionella ser varje klient som unik. Bå motivations- och behandlingsarbetet var individanpassat och såg liknande ut v  ett enskilt missbruk eller beroende. Dock var problematiken mer komple eftersom det har fört med sig allvarligare konsekvenser. Respondentern erfarenhet var att de ofta möter klienter med multipelt substansbrukssyndrom.

No description available.

BACKGROUND: The nonmedical use of prescription medications among young people has escalated substantially in recent years. Certain subgroups of adolescents are at greater risk than others, including rural youth, however this has yet to be adequately quantified in Canada, and risk and protective factors in rural communities remain understudied. OBJECTIVES: The first objective of this thesis was to characterize the nonmedical use of prescription drugs in Canadian youth by age, gender, socioeconomic, immigrant and geographic statuses. The second objective was to examine time-use patterns among rural young people as they may relate to their risk of using prescription drugs recreationally. METHODS: Data were obtained from 10,429 youth in grades 9 and 10 across Canada who participated in the 2009/2010 Cycle of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. Participants documented information about their nonmedical use of opioid pain relievers, stimulants and sedative or tranquilizer medications in the past year. Cross-tabulations and multi-level regression analyses were used to determine proportions and estimate risk by demographic subgroups, and among 2393 rural youth, to examine associations with time-use patterns RESULTS: Females were 1.25 times more likely to report recreational use of pain relievers (95% CI: 1.04-1.51). Lower SES students were 2.41 times more likely to report recreational use of any type of medication (95% CI: 1.94-2.99). Pain reliever use was highest among rural youth living in close proximity to urban centres. Frequent peer time after school and in the evenings was associated with a 1.73 (95% CI: 1.10-2.73) and 2.16 times (95% CI: 1.30-3.60) increased risk of using prescription drugs recreationally, however associations were attenuated when adjusted for other risk factors. Non-participation in extracurricular activities was associated with a 50% increase in risk for nonmedical use of prescription drugs, even when adjusted for other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Females, those of low SES and some rural youth, especially those who do not participate in extracurricular activities, are at increased risk for using prescription drugs recreationally. Results from this thesis point to priority areas for public health and education in reducing harms associated with nonmedical use of prescription drugs. / Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2013-10-01 22:39:42.815