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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A redefinição do conceito de classe e suas implicações políticas: uma análise sobre Ellen Meiksins Wood / Redefinition of the concept of class and its political implications: an analysis on Ellen Meiksins Wood

Nascimento, Jefferson Ferreira do 07 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-28T18:08:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jefferson_Nascimento_2018.pdf: 1803987 bytes, checksum: 82fe868d3f27350dd570888ba7b05873 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-28T18:08:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jefferson_Nascimento_2018.pdf: 1803987 bytes, checksum: 82fe868d3f27350dd570888ba7b05873 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-07 / The present dissertation examines the work of Ellen Meiksins Wood in order to understand: (1) how the conception of social class changes in the renewal of historical materialism presented by E. Wood; (2) how this change has repercussions on the analysis of the political role of the social class; (3) and how this change relates to the concept of Democracy thought by the author. The starting point is the author's observation that contemporary democracy cannot face class exploitation, since citizenship is not determined by socioeconomic status and civic equality in contemporary democracies does not impact class inequality. Thus, from the insights and suggestions elaborated by E. P. Thompson, the historian and political theorist Ellen Wood proposes to analyze the relevance of politics as an instrument of social domination and the place of specifically political conflicts in the processes of transition between the different modes of production and in overcoming class domination. Therefore, the proposal is to deepen the theoretical efforts to think class as relation and process and to increase the knowledge about the political role of the working class in the constitution of Substantive Democracy. The first result concerns the concept of class operated by E. Wood, who sees a theoretical advance in the proposition of E. P. Thompson. This leads us to the second result: class conception is related to a specific historical context. In “certain historical conditions, class situations generate class formations.” It is experience, as an effect of objective determinations – relations of production and class exploitation – which brings together heterogeneous groups. This understanding results in a new possibility to reflect the working class in times of flexible accumulation and theories that support fragmentary analyzes of the world. The third result is that we live in a formal democracy where free labor is dominant, but it is exalted from an ideology that justifies the subjection of the worker to capitalist disciplines. With the separation of the civic condition from the class situation, the civil liberty of the worker is neutralized by the economic pressures of capitalism. For instance, class equality is something very different from ethnic or gender equality, since, in some sense, formal equality can be extended to different ethnic or gender groups without threatening the capitalist system – the same cannot be said in relation to class equality. Thus, respecting the plurality of human experience cannot mean “the dissolution of historical causality”. / A presente dissertação empreende análise na obra de Ellen Meiksins Wood, visando compreender: (1) como a concepção de classe social se modifica na renovação do materialismo histórico apresentada por E. Wood; (2) como essa redefinição repercute nas análises sobre o papel político da classe social; (3) e como a referida modificação se relaciona com o conceito de Democracia pensado pela autora. O ponto de partida é a constatação da autora de que a democracia contemporânea não pode enfrentar a exploração de classe, pois a cidadania não é determinada pela condição socioeconômica e a igualdade cívica nas democracias contemporâneas não impacta a desigualdade de classe. Desse modo, a partir de insights e sugestões elaboradas por E. P. Thompson, a historiadora e teórica política Ellen Wood propõe analisar a relevância da política como instrumento de dominação social e o lugar dos conflitos especificamente políticos nos processos de transição entre os diferentes modos de produção e na superação da dominação de classe. Assim, a proposta é aprofundar os esforços teóricos para pensar classe como relação e processo e ampliar o conhecimento sobre o papel político da classe operária na constituição da Democracia Substantiva. O primeiro resultado diz respeito ao conceito de classe operado por E. Wood, que enxerga um avanço teórico na proposição de E. P. Thompson. Isto nos leva ao segundo resultado: a concepção de classe se relaciona a um contexto histórico específico. Em “determinadas condições históricas, situações de classe geram formações de classe”. É a experiência, como efeito das determinações objetivas – relações de produção e exploração de classe –, que reúne grupos heterogêneos. Esse entendimento traz uma nova possibilidade de refletir a classe operária em tempos de acumulação flexível e de teorias que suportam análises fragmentárias do mundo. O terceiro resultado é que vivemos em uma democracia formal onde o trabalho livre é dominante, mas é exaltado a partir de uma ideologia que justifica a sujeição do trabalhador às disciplinas capitalistas. Com a separação da condição cívica da situação de classe, a liberdade civil do trabalhador é neutralizada pelas pressões econômicas do capitalismo. Por exemplo, a igualdade de classe é algo muito diverso da igualdade étnica ou de gênero, pois, em certo sentido, a igualdade formal pode ser extensível para diferentes grupos étnicos ou de gênero, sem ameaçar o sistema capitalista – o mesmo não se pode dizer em relação à igualdade de classe. Assim, respeitar à pluralidade da experiência humana não pode significar “a dissolução da causalidade histórica”.
2

One-Party Dominance and Democratic Backsliding in Botswana and Tanzania: Whither Peace and Development?

Omary, Issa Noor January 2023 (has links)
Over the past decade, a third wave of autocratisation has stormed the world, hitting democracies and autocracies alike. The ongoing democratic backsliding is attributed to a range of factors. From “executive aggrandisement” and strategic manipulation of elections to "autocratic lawfare”. Such autocratic tendencies are contributing to autocratisation in dominant party regimes in Africa. If most dominant party systems are increasingly autocratising in Africa, then there is a problem with the dominant party structure that warrants academic inquiry. However, the literature on one-party dominance and democratic consolidation in Africa are a bit old, hence do not address the current debates on democratic backsliding in the continent. Botswana and Tanzania are interesting cases of autocratising dominant party systems because they have witnessed rapid erosion of democratic qualities over the decade. But what effects do these patterns of democratic backsliding have on the quality of democracy in dominant party systems in Africa? Employing a comparative research design (MSSD) and using historical institutionalism and the substantive democratic theory as well as relying on secondary data in Botswana and Tanzania (Mainly Afrobarometer surveys, V-Dem Index, CPI Index, Ibrahim Index of African Governance, and Freedom Index), this study explores this question within the framework of peace and development research. It analysed four variables: management of social tensions facing the regime, the scope of presidential power, governance performance, and the nature of the electoral competition. Findings suggest that a dominant party structure in Botswana and Tanzania creates conditions that erode the quality of democracy, hence democratic backsliding. Therefore, the thesis argues that autocratisation in Botswana and Tanzania suggests reproduction of one-party dominance at the expense of consolidation of substantive democracy. This way, a dominant party structure in Africa appears to be a peace and development research problem because it creates strong incentives for dominant parties to autocratise rather than democratise when challenged by a strong political opposition.

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