This study assessed the value of triticale dried distillers grains with solubles(DDGS) in a feedlot finishing diet using 144 intact, and 16 ruminally cannulated crossbred yearling steers. Substituting triticale DDGS for a portion of dry-rolled barley grain (20% diet DM) decreased the prevalence of ruminal acidosis and tended to increase dry matter intake and fat deposition, but increased the incidence and severity of liver abscesses. Further substitution of triticale DDGS for barley silage (5 and 10% diet DM) increased the prevalence of ruminal acidosis, but tended to improve feed efficiency without affecting carcass characteristics. These findings suggest that feedlot finishing diets containing triticale DDGS allow producers to decrease dietary forage inclusion without affecting performance, but may require use of an antimicrobial to control liver abscesses. / Animal Science

This study examines the impact of working capital management on cash holdings of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Sweden. The aim of this work is to theoretically derive significant factors related to working capital management which have an influence on the cash level of SMEs and test these in a large sample of Swedish manufacturing SMEs. The theoretical framework for this study consists of a treatise of motives for holding cash, working capital management and cash level. From these theoretical findings, two hypotheses are deduced: • H1: Cash holdings are negatively related to the presence of cash substitutes • H2: Cash holdings are positively related to working capital management efficiency The quantitative investigation consists of the statistical analysis – namely comparison of means and correlation analysis – of key figures which are calculated from the financial statements of a large sample of firms. The dataset contains 13,287 Swedish manufacturing SMEs of the legal form ‘Aktiebolag’. Both hypotheses are confirmed by the results. Empirical evidence is presented which substantiates the supposition that the presence of cash substitutes – namely inventory and accounts receivable – entails lower cash holdings. Furthermore, it is confirmed that working capital management efficiency – measured by the cash conversion cycle – is positively related to cash level. The discussion of the empirical findings pays regard to the different subordinate components of both cash substitutes and working capital management efficiency. Implications of the detected findings are highlighted with respect to their potential utility for the achievement and maintenance of a firm’s target cash level.

Many homeless youth come from foster homes, group homes, and other forms of substitute care. For young people in the child welfare system, elopement represents a major problem as it places them at risk for a number of troubling outcomes. Three studies were undertaken examining elopement among young people living in substitute care in Canada and the United States. The first study explored strengths and needs in a sample of 5,011 children and youth housed in a variety of substitute care settings including foster homes, group homes, residential treatment centres, emergency shelters, and juvenile justice facilities. Results indicated that needs, but not strengths, predicted running among children, while both needs and strengths predicted running among adolescents. Problems with school attendance, substance abuse, and delinquency also predicted running among both children and adolescents, with the exception of young children, for whom substance abuse was not a significant predictor. The second study explored the relationship between trauma, strengths, and elopement in a sample of 2,296 adolescents living in substitute care. Sexual abuse, physical abuse, school violence, and traumatic grief/separation were found to predict elopement. In addition, family violence and community violence predicted running among younger but not older adolescents. Educational strengths predicted a lower risk of running away for all adolescents, while well-being and relationship permanence predicted a lower risk of running among younger and older adolescents, respectively. The impact of strengths on the relationship between trauma and elopement was evaluated, with results suggesting that elopement was not predicted by an interaction between strengths and trauma. The third study was qualitative in nature and explored the perspectives of youth who had run away from substitute care at least once in their lifetime. Youth provided information about their experiences as well as suggestions designed to reduce the prevalence of running away among youth in substitute care. Findings for all three studies were discussed in relation to the literature with implications for research and prevention.

<p>The burden of hypertension and subsequent in Tibet is quite profound and disproportionate when compared to other Chinese populations. Thus, there has a recent impetus to focus on low-cost sustainable health interventions to ameliorate this tremendous burden. Factors of compliance of first-line low dose hypertensive medications are not known in semi-nomadic Tibetan herdsmen at high altitude.</p><p>A retrospective analysis of a de-identified database for a single blinded equal allocation randomized control trial for a dietary reduced sodium salt substitute completed in 2009 using STATA 11.2 (STATA INC. College Station, TX) and logistic regression was performed. Patients were recruited from two townships at 4300 m altitude and northwest of Lhasa, the regional capital. Eligibility criteria included: age 40 years and older, with hypertension (&#8805; 140mmHg / &#8805; 90 mmHg) , enrollment in salt substitute trial, and prescription of hypertensive medication. Primary outcome was compliance to medication at three and six months of follow-up. Factor variables included and adjusted for included: sex, age, blood pressure, township, class of medication, and trial arm assignment.</p><p>The overall rate of non-compliance was 33.0% (38/115) after three months and 12.9% (28/217) after six months. After three months follow-up patients with Stage I and Stage II hypertension were at an adjusted odds ratio of 0.03(95%CI: 0.002-0.70) and 0.13(95%CI: 0.012-1.37) times lower odds of non-compliance when compared patients with only isolated systolic hypertension, (p=0.028 and 0.089, respectively). Furthermore, at six months of follow-up patients prescribed combination pharmacologic therapy had an adjusted odds ratios of 0.20 (95%CI: 0.05-0.81) times lower odds than those patients on diuretic only, p =0.023.</p> / Thesis

The study aims at investigating how revenue management techniques can be applied in industries which offer multiple products. Most of the companies nowadays trend to produce multiperoducts and they try to find the best method of selling. Therefore, revenue management can be considered as a new direction which should be developed for these firms. In this study, multi-product firms are mainly referred as firms offering a bundle of products or substitute products. In this regard, models and techniques applied in multiproduct firms are discussed and it is tried to provide basic models to better understand the problems, variables, customer choice models and constraints. The main methodology in this study is literature review. In order to carry out the research first revenue management applications and techniques are discussed to find a fit to this kind of industries. The main findings of this study are (1) identifying and analyzing the most important factors affecting decision making regarding managing of bundling and substitute products and ultimately total revenue of multiproduct firms. (2) Summarizing the results and knowledge obtained from various studies within fields of bundling and substitute products. (3) Discussing the possibility of applying different revenue management techniques to these fields. (4) Identifying potentials and new directions for future study with respect to both revenue management techniques and multiproduct firms.

This paper investigates what factors affect the destination choice for Jordanian to 8 countries (Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Yemen, Egypt, Lebanon and Bahrain) using panel data analysis. Number of outbound tourists is represented as dependent variable, which is regressed over five explanatory variables using fixed effect model. The finding of this paper is that tourists from Jordan have weak demand for outbound tourism; Jordanian decision of traveling abroad is determined by the cost of traveling to different places and choosing the cheapest alternative.

R&D Substitute Military Service is the transformation of the Defense Industry Reserve Duty System, and early in the system conversion, the employing enterprise and the community had great expectations. The competent authorities and the organizers have also invested a lot of resources, greater use of space in the system at the surface, the character of the employer and the draftee demand. In this study, a qualitative analysis, through in-depth interviews with the the Rebate employing unit, a draftee, analysis of this system the enterprise of the recruitment and staffing management, organizational effectiveness of the shadow impact as the proposed future sophisticated.

This purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between employees¡¦ perception on organizational climate and job involvement, and the moderating effect of employ types. This research involves all employees belonging to the I Research Laboratory, as experimental subjects for questionnaire surveys. We used the personal characteristics as the controlled variables, the organizational climate as an independent variable, the employ type as a moderate variable and the job involvement as a dependent variable. A total of 569 questionnaires were delivered and got 339 valid questionnaires. Based on the valid questionnaires, the hierarchical regression analysis and the Pearson¡¦s correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Major empirical findings are summarized as follows: 1.There are significant differences in job involvement among difference education degree. 2.There are significant correlations between the awareness of the organizational climate and the job involvement. 3.The employ type has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between organizational climate and job involvement.

The effects of two types of cryopreservation, conventional freezing and vitrification, on the in vitro and in vivo function of a pancreatic substitute were investigated. Conventional freezing uses low concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPAs), slow cooling and rapid warming and allows ice formation. Vitrification requires high concentrations of CPAs coupled with rapid cooling and warming to achieve a vitreous, or ice-free, state. A previously published mathematical model describing the mass transfer of CPAs through the alginate matrix of the substitute and the cell membrane was expanded to incorporate heat transfer as well as CPA cytotoxicity. Our results indicate that temperature of exposure is the most critical parameter for the proper design of CPA addition and removal protocols. The use of a mathematical model is critical to ensure CPA equilibration and minimize CPA exposure. Properly designed CPA addition and removal protocols were used for vitrification. The effects of cryopreservation on the biomaterial and the cellular function of a pancreatic substitute consisting of murine insulinomas encapsulated in calcium alginate/poly-L-lysine/alginate beads were assessed. In vitro results indicate that both vitrification and conventionally frozen perform comparably to fresh. However, in vivo studies reveal that vitrified beads perform worse than both conventionally frozen and fresh beads. With adjustments, it may be possible to improve the performance of the vitrified beads. Nevertheless, for this pancreatic substitute, conventional freezing is the better method and allows successful cryopreservation.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Instructional Systems, Leadership, and Workforce Development. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.