Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study is part of the Research Line 1: Training, knowledge and professional development of the Graduate Program in Education of UFSM. The work presented has as main purpose to know the reality of a substitute teacher in the Federal Institutions of Higher Education in Southern Brazil, examining the possible contributions to the quality of teaching. This research is justified by the fact that studies of substitute teachers are few, these are temporary by the IES. But how are teachers of a higher education institution, are directly responsible for education and training provided to students. Thus, these can not be considered a category dissociated from the University, not being examined and studied in work on university education. It thus becomes necessary to the understanding of how these subjects constitute themselves as teachers within that context they remain inserted during the contract period. The methodological approach used for this study was quantitative and qualitative, considering that its use allows the development of different strategies for data analysis, whether based on principles of narrative analysis, either in statistical procedures. Participated in the first stage all substitute teachers employed during the years 2006 to 2008 of the federal Higher Education Institutions in Southern Brazil and the second, forty-five (45) teachers distributed within six (6) institutions surveyed. From the foregoing analysis, there is a general observation: these teachers are being built as teachers in relational dynamics, being able to produce knowledge, within relationships, often tense, built within the institution. In short, the substitute teacher, is constructed as a teacher from this experience and the basis for this construction is not only intellectually but also from his life story, consisting of emotional, affective, personal and interpersonal. Thus, it is beyond the vision teacher / object, because it is not just a guy who is put into an institution with a strict relationship of knowledge, information processing and "passes" to their students. / Este estudo insere-se na Linha de Pesquisa 1: Formação, saberes e desenvolvimento profissional do Programa da Pós-graduação em Educação da UFSM. O trabalho apresentado teve como propósito principal conhecer a realidade do professor substituto nas Instituições de Ensino Superior Federais do Sul do Brasil, analisando as possíveis contribuições para a qualidade do trabalho docente. Esta pesquisa justifica-se pelo fato de que estudos sobre professores substitutos são poucos, por esses serem temporários na IES. Porém, como são docentes de uma instituição de ensino superior, eles são responsáveis diretamente pelo ensino e formação prestada aos acadêmicos. Assim, esses não podem ser considerados uma categoria dissociada da Universidade, não sendo estudada e analisada nos trabalhos sobre o ensino universitário. Torna-se assim, necessário o entendimento de como esses sujeitos se constituem como docentes, dentro desse contexto em que permanecem inseridos durante o período de contrato. A abordagem metodológica utilizada para a realização deste estudo foi quanti/qualitativa, considerando que a sua utilização possibilita o desenvolvimento de diferentes estratégias para a análise dos dados, sejam elas assentadas em princípios de análise de narrativas, seja em procedimentos estatísticos. Participaram da primeira fase todos os professores substitutos contratados durante os anos de 2006 a 2008 das Instituições de Ensino Superior Federais do Sul do Brasil e na segunda, quarenta e cinco (45) professores distribuídos dentro das seis (6) instituições pesquisadas. Das análises precedentes, surge uma constatação geral: esses docentes estão se construindo como docentes em dinâmicas relacionais, conseguindo produzir conhecimentos, dentro das relações, muitas vezes tensas, construídas dentro da instituição. Em suma, o professor substituto, constrói-se como docente a partir dessa experiência e as bases para essa construção não é somente a intelectual, mas também a partir de sua história de vida, constituída de aspectos emocionais, afetivos, pessoais e interpessoais. Desse modo, convém ultrapassar a visão professor/objeto, pois ele não é apenas um sujeito que se coloca dentro de uma instituição em uma relação estrita de conhecimento, que processa informações e a repassa aos seus alunos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_gr_dr_jabo.pdf: 313576 bytes, checksum: 3615e7690e51b47d22430c998944cfd2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar um isolado de Bacillus subtilis para utilização como agente probiótico para bovinos. Foram determinadas “in vitro” a capacidade e o tipo de efeito inibitório do isolado de B. subtilis do produto comercial Biotop sobre Salmonella, Escherichia coli e Clostridium perfringens, além de sua estabilidade, viabilidade, resistência a antimicrobianos e potencial de ação em comparação com a Nisina e em combinação com EDTA. Foram avaliados os efeitos da adição do isolado na dieta de 32 bezerros da raça Holandesa, em quatro diferentes tratamentos (controle; 1 g/dia; 2 g/dia e 4 g/dia), sobre o consumo de matéria seca, perímetro torácico, ganho de peso, consistência fecal e incidência de doenças. Também foi realizado um desafio com E. coli e monitoramento do “score” de fezes, temperatura retal (oC) e parâmetros sanguíneos. O isolado de B. subtilis foi mais eficaz contra C. perfringens, principalmente quando associado com a Nisina e EDTA. A adição do probiótico na dieta de bezerros aumentou o consumo de matéria seca, ganho de peso e perímetro torácico. No desafio bacteriano não foram observadas diferenças significativas para presença de Bacillus spp. e E. coli nas fezes. A análise do “score” de fezes, temperatura retal e parâmetros sanguíneos não demonstraram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. O produto avaliado demonstrou resultados satisfatórios quanto aos parâmetros de produção animal, sendo recomendada sua utilização para bezerros lactantes, principalmente na dosagem de 4 g/animal/dia. / The present work aimed to characterize an isolated of Bacillus subtilis to be used as a probiotic for calves. Were determinate in vitro its inhibition capacity and the type of effect of the isolated, that is present in the commercial product Biotop against Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. It also was tested its stability, viability, resistance to antibiotics and its potential action in comparison with Nisin and in combination with EDTA. They were appraised the effects of the addition of the isolated in the diet of 32 calves Holstein Frisian in four different treatments (control; 1 g/day; 2 g/day and 4 g/day), over the intake of dry matter, thoracic perimeter, gain of weight, faecal consistence and incidence of diarrhoea. Also a challenge was accomplished with E. coli and the score of faeces monitored, rectal temperature (oC) and sanguine parameters. The isolated of B. subtilis was more effective against C. perfringens, mainly when associated with Nisin and EDTA. The addition of the probiotic in the diet of calves increased the dry matter intake, weight enhance and thoracic perimeter. In the bacterial challenge significant differences were not observed in the counting of Bacillus spp. and E. coli in the faeces. The analysis of the score of faeces, rectal temperature and sanguine parameters didn't demonstrate significant differences between the treatments. The appraised product demonstrated satisfactory results as for the parameters of animal production, being recommended to be use for nursing calves, mainly in the dosage of 4 g/animal/day.

Dissertation serves for a cognition of a syndrom called psychological deprivation and subdeprivation. The theoretical part is used as defining specification the basic terms referring to the psychological deprivation, its characteristics and its manifestation. Part of the dissertation is also devoted to the subject of a substitute family case and children?s home as well. The practical part deals with the concrete research. There are two groups compared here ( children from the children?s home and children from functioning families ). These groups are mutually compared and evatuated on the basis of results achieved in a research of Prof. Matějček.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HeliaMSL_DISSERT.pdf: 930680 bytes, checksum: 9128119b729a5bf87c61f3ff1cbfceeb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to evaluate the performance of crossbred goats fed whey associated with bovine milk , substituting goat milk until 60 days of life . We used 24 male goats , neutered without defined breed SPRD , being divided into three treatments and eight replications goat milk ( control), 50 % of bovine milk + 50 % of whey , milk cattle . The development was evaluated by weekly weighing and body measurements of withers height , hip height , heart girth and body length . Consumption estimates were made by measuring daily consumption of hay and concentrated by the method supply / spare. All variables were tested with Tukey comparison of means ( 5 % probability ) . Total consumption , weight gain as well as biometric measurements showed significant differences between treatments ( P < .05 ) . The Animis suckled with whey and bovine milk showed lower performance than other treatments / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho de cabritos mestiços alimentados com soro de queijo associado ao leite integral bovino, em substituição ao leite de cabra, até os 60 dias de vida. Foram utilizados 24 cabritos machos, não castrados, sem padrão racial definido SPRD, sendo distribuídos em três tratamentos e oito repetições: leite de cabra (controle); 50% de leite integral bovino + 50% de soro de queijo; leite integral bovino. O desenvolvimento foi avaliado através de pesagens semanais e mensurações corporais de altura de cernelha, altura de garupa, perímetro torácico e comprimento do corpo. As estimativas de consumo foram feitas por medições diárias de consumo de feno e concentrado pelo método oferta/sobra. Todas as variáveis foram submetidas ao teste de comparação de médias Tukey (5% de probabilidade). O consumo total, o ganho de peso assim como também as medidas biométricas apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos (P<0,05). Os animis aleitados com soro de queijo e leite bovino apresentaram desempenho inferior aos demais tratamentos

The thesis topic bears the name: "Aspect of smoking among students of high medical schools". Smoking is one the most often appearing drug addictions nowadays in Europe. With reference to the World Health Organization, there are 1.3 billion of smoking people in the world today whereas consequences of smoking kill approximately 4.8 million of people every year, which are 560 people each hour. If the current trend continues, then in the current pace 10 million of people will die of the consequences of cigarette smoking during the year of 2020. Smoking invokes an enormous addiction to nicotine which bears itself considerable economic, social and health problems. There were some students from 1st and 4th grade of the present form of studies of all high medical schools selected. Those were students particularly from the schools: SZŠ and VOŠZ České Budějovice, SOŠZ and SOU Český Krumlov, SZŠ Jindřichův Hradec, SZŠ Tábor and SZŠ Písek. In total, 591 of students were responded whereas most of them were girls (87%). The average age of the responded ones was 17 years. The thesis consists of theoretical and empirical parts. The theoretical part deals with history of cigarette smoking, a definition of drug addiction, chemical composition of cigarette smoke and malignity of individual toxic elements. Further, there is a chapter concerning problem issues of electronic cigarette smoking in the theoretical part. In the conclusion of this part of the thesis, there are some statistical data referring to cigarette smoking stated. There are some findings of quite a few of authors dealing with problem issues of cigarette smoking and addiction to nicotine summarized here. The empirical part consists of findings from my own research analysis which was done with the intention to map the prevalence of smoking among future health workers and their opinion to cigarette smoking among healthcare staff and people preparing for their healthcare career. There are also the respondents' opinions and attitudes included. The aim of the thesis was: 1.: To find the prevalence of smoking of 1st and 4th grade of high medical schools students. 2.: To find what influence the respondents' surroundings have on the fact of their smoking. 3.: To find what attitude high medical school students have to healthcare staff smoking cigarettes. To reach the above mentioned aims, there were three hypotheses determined: H1: There is a statistically significant difference existing in the prevalence of smoking at 1st and 4th grade of high medical school students. H2: There is a statistically significant difference existing in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among students coming from families where at least one member smokes. H3: There are statistically significant differences in the attitude of 1st and 4th grade students to cigarette smoking among healthcare workers. To prove or disprove the mentioned hypotheses there is a method of quantitative research selected. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaires including 23 questions were distributed among 591 students of high medical schools of the South Bohemia Region. Their rate of return was 85%. The collected data were processed in the form of transparent graphs and the hypotheses were statistically tested. Pursuant to the evaluation of respondents' answers including the statistical data testing were proved by the hypothesis which presumed that there were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of cigarette smoking 1st and 4th grade students. The difference really exists that the 4th grade students smoke more often. It is interesting that the most considerable difference is between the schools of SZŠ and VOŠZ České Budějovice. On the contrary, the percentage of smoking students of SOŠZ Český Krumlov in the 1st grade is considerably high. Hypothesis no. 2 was statistically proved as well. There is a real significant difference exist

Orientador: Ruben pablo Schocken-Iturrino / Banca: Maria Luiza Poiatti / Banca: Ricardo de Albuquerque / Banca: Hélio José Montassier / Banca: Ricardo Andrade Reis / Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar um isolado de Bacillus subtilis para utilização como agente probiótico para bovinos. Foram determinadas "in vitro" a capacidade e o tipo de efeito inibitório do isolado de B. subtilis do produto comercial Biotop sobre Salmonella, Escherichia coli e Clostridium perfringens, além de sua estabilidade, viabilidade, resistência a antimicrobianos e potencial de ação em comparação com a Nisina e em combinação com EDTA. Foram avaliados os efeitos da adição do isolado na dieta de 32 bezerros da raça Holandesa, em quatro diferentes tratamentos (controle; 1 g/dia; 2 g/dia e 4 g/dia), sobre o consumo de matéria seca, perímetro torácico, ganho de peso, consistência fecal e incidência de doenças. Também foi realizado um desafio com E. coli e monitoramento do "score" de fezes, temperatura retal (oC) e parâmetros sanguíneos. O isolado de B. subtilis foi mais eficaz contra C. perfringens, principalmente quando associado com a Nisina e EDTA. A adição do probiótico na dieta de bezerros aumentou o consumo de matéria seca, ganho de peso e perímetro torácico. No desafio bacteriano não foram observadas diferenças significativas para presença de Bacillus spp. e E. coli nas fezes. A análise do "score" de fezes, temperatura retal e parâmetros sanguíneos não demonstraram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. O produto avaliado demonstrou resultados satisfatórios quanto aos parâmetros de produção animal, sendo recomendada sua utilização para bezerros lactantes, principalmente na dosagem de 4 g/animal/dia. / Abstract: The present work aimed to characterize an isolated of Bacillus subtilis to be used as a probiotic for calves. Were determinate "in vitro" its inhibition capacity and the type of effect of the isolated, that is present in the commercial product Biotop against Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. It also was tested its stability, viability, resistance to antibiotics and its potential action in comparison with Nisin and in combination with EDTA. They were appraised the effects of the addition of the isolated in the diet of 32 calves "Holstein Frisian" in four different treatments (control; 1 g/day; 2 g/day and 4 g/day), over the intake of dry matter, thoracic perimeter, gain of weight, faecal consistence and incidence of diarrhoea. Also a challenge was accomplished with E. coli and the score of faeces monitored, rectal temperature (oC) and sanguine parameters. The isolated of B. subtilis was more effective against C. perfringens, mainly when associated with Nisin and EDTA. The addition of the probiotic in the diet of calves increased the dry matter intake, weight enhance and thoracic perimeter. In the bacterial challenge significant differences were not observed in the counting of Bacillus spp. and E. coli in the faeces. The analysis of the score of faeces, rectal temperature and sanguine parameters didn't demonstrate significant differences between the treatments. The appraised product demonstrated satisfactory results as for the parameters of animal production, being recommended to be use for nursing calves, mainly in the dosage of 4 g/animal/day. / Doutor

The research field for this study was the working environment in preschools with the purpose of highlighting the substitute teacher’s experiences of how to enter an already established workgroup in pre-school. How do substitute teachers perceive the treatment when being met by ordinary staff? Do they feel that they are included or excluded from the workgroup? In order to answer these questions, qualitative interviews were conducted with six preschool substitute teachers. Hermeneutics is used as a methodological approach to increase the ability of creating a good understanding of the preschool substitute teacher´s experiences. The results showed that substitute teachers generally are well treated by ordinary staff, however there are exceptions. Two key factors for the substitute teachers to experience inclusion are that they have received good information and that the ordinary staff treated them well. The preschool substitute teachers had also experienced exclusion in the form of inadequate information, which in some cases happened due to stigmatization and domination techniques. The conclusion of this study is that the preschool substitute teachers have experienced varied responses as well as they generally received good treatment by the ordinary staff. Two important factors in experiencing inclusion are that they received the necessary information and got the opportunity to be included in conversations with the ordinary staff. Whereas factors for exclusion are inadequate information and that ordinary staff do not show any interest in them. / Forskningsfältet för denna studie var arbetsmiljö där syftet är att belysa vikariens upplevelser av hur det är att komma in i en redan etablerad arbetsgrupp inom förskoleverksamhet. Hur upplever vikarier att de bemöts av den ordinarie personalen? Upplever vikarier att de är inkluderade eller exkluderade i arbetsgruppen? För att besvara dessa frågor gjordes kvalitativa intervjuer med sex vikarier. För att skapa god förståelse för vikariers upplevelser används hermeneutiken som metodologisk riktning. Resultatet visade att vikarierna generellt blir bra bemötta av ordinarie personal men att det finns undantag. Två centrala faktorer till att vikarierna upplever inkludering beror på att de får bra information och där personalen är trevlig. Vikarier hade även upplevt exkludering i form av bristfällig information samt i vissa fall på grund av stigmatisering och härskartekniker. Slutsatsen är att vikarier har upplevt varierande bemötanden samt att de generellt blir bra bemötta. Två viktiga faktorer till att de upplever inkludering är att de får ta del av information och blir delaktiga i samtal, faktorer till exkludering är bristfällig information och att ordinarie personal inte visar något intresse för dem.

Many homeless youth come from foster homes, group homes, and other forms of substitute care. For young people in the child welfare system, elopement represents a major problem as it places them at risk for a number of troubling outcomes. Three studies were undertaken examining elopement among young people living in substitute care in Canada and the United States. The first study explored strengths and needs in a sample of 5,011 children and youth housed in a variety of substitute care settings including foster homes, group homes, residential treatment centres, emergency shelters, and juvenile justice facilities. Results indicated that needs, but not strengths, predicted running among children, while both needs and strengths predicted running among adolescents. Problems with school attendance, substance abuse, and delinquency also predicted running among both children and adolescents, with the exception of young children, for whom substance abuse was not a significant predictor. The second study explored the relationship between trauma, strengths, and elopement in a sample of 2,296 adolescents living in substitute care. Sexual abuse, physical abuse, school violence, and traumatic grief/separation were found to predict elopement. In addition, family violence and community violence predicted running among younger but not older adolescents. Educational strengths predicted a lower risk of running away for all adolescents, while well-being and relationship permanence predicted a lower risk of running among younger and older adolescents, respectively. The impact of strengths on the relationship between trauma and elopement was evaluated, with results suggesting that elopement was not predicted by an interaction between strengths and trauma. The third study was qualitative in nature and explored the perspectives of youth who had run away from substitute care at least once in their lifetime. Youth provided information about their experiences as well as suggestions designed to reduce the prevalence of running away among youth in substitute care. Findings for all three studies were discussed in relation to the literature with implications for research and prevention.

In vitro produced bovine embryos are critical to the cattle industry. However, these embryos have altered morphology, epigenetics, and metabolism when compared to their in vivo counterparts. The aim of this thesis was to alter maturation and culture media to improve the developmental competence of in vitro bovine embryos. This thesis is comprised of three experiments and one proof of concept study. Each experiment followed the same general layout: oocyte aspiration from Jersey or Holstein ovaries, oocyte maturation for 24 hours, fertilization with bull semen for 24 hours, then embryo culture for 7-8 days in 38.5 °C in 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2. A proportion of stage 7 grade 1 blastocysts were fixed and stained with Nile Red to evaluate lipid content, Mitotracker Red CMX-Rosamine to measure mitochondrial activity, or Cell Rox Green to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using a confocal microscope, images were taken of each stained embryo to detect and measure fluorescence. Any stage 7 embryos that were not imaged were slow frozen and evaluated for re-expansion when thawed. Experiment 1 was a one-way treatment designed to compare the conventional maturation media (control) containing fetal bovine serum (FBS), to an alternative media replacing FBS with a human platelet lysate serum substitute (SS). Both abattoir and ovum pick up (OPU) oocytes were used. The results suggested that maturing in vitro and OPU oocytes with serum substitute maintained developmental competence, including a similar yield of embryos and re-expansion rate. Resulting in vitro SS embryos had lower lipid content (p<0.05) and ROS levels compared (p<0.05) to the FBS control. Experiment 2 was a 2x2 factorial design testing how the addition of FGF2, LIF, and IGF1 cytokines to maturation and culture media affected in vitro embryo development. The first factor was maturation media (Mcon: industry standard and Mcyt: added cytokines) and the second factor was culture media (Ccon: industry standard and Ccyt: added cytokines). The two maturation media crossed with the two culture media equated to four treatments, including a control. The results suggested that cytokine addition had no effect on blastocyst rate or re-expansion rate. The combination of MCyt x CCyt media produced the lowest lipid levels (p<0.05) while the MCon x CCon treatment led to the highest mitochondrial activity (p<0.05). Experiment 3 was a 2x2 factorial design testing how the addition of melatonin to cytokine supplemented maturation media affected embryo developmental competence. The maturation factor had two levels: no supplementation (NoM) and melatonin with cytokine supplementation (MM). The culture factor had two levels: no supplementation (NoC) and cytokine supplementation (CC). We found no difference in blastocyst or re-expansion rate between any treatments. NoM showed higher mitochondrial activity than MM (p<0.05). NoC showed higher mitochondrial activity than CC (p<0.05). The NoM x NoC treatment showed the highest lipid levels of any treatment (p<0.05). The NoM x NoC treatment showed the highest mitochondrial activity of any treatment (p<0.05). The final part to this thesis focused on the preliminary use of phasor-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and deep imaging via emission recovery (DIVER) technologies to autofluoresce endogenous compounds and predict the viability of an embryo without the use of invasive labels. In conjunction with the University of California Irvine, we tested the technologies on morula and blastocyst stage embryos to see if developmental competence was altered. Results suggested FLIM successfully captured NADH levels and DIVER successfully captured ROS and lipid content. Future studies are planned to fully investigate the effects of the microscopes on development and to accurately predict bovine embryo viability for transfer. Overall, human platelet lysate was a successful replacement for FBS, likely due to its similar content of protein and growth factors. Neither cytokine nor melatonin supplementation had conclusive results, further trials are needed to fully determine effectiveness.

This bachelor’s essay aims to discuss breastfeeding and complications related to breastfeeding within archaeological contexts. Why complications have arisen when such a natural act is per- formed and how individuals have tried to manage them. By looking at different methods of recording breastfeeding patterns I aim to broaden the interpretations of breastfeeding in differ- ent time periods and locations. Isotope analysis will be an important part as well as paleopatho- logical analysis of human remains. Information from three completed studies from Öland and Västerhus in Sweden and Quarto Cappello del Prete in Rome will be presented and discussed. In conclusion I suggest that breastfeeding is a complex act surrounded by difficulties such as diseases and cultural norms. There is variation within populations regarding breastfeeding and weaning. People have been struggling as well as fighting for the survival of their children.