Este trabalho apresenta a síntese e os estudos foto e eletroluminescentes dos complexos de β-dicetonatos (dibenzoilmetanato -DBM) de terras raras trivalentes (TR=Eu3+, Sm3+ e Gd3+) hidratados e contendo ligantes sulfóxidos (L= dibenzilsulfóxido - DBSO, dimetisulfóxido - DMSO, difenilsulfóxido - DPSO e p-toluilsulfóxido - PTSO). Os complexos obtidos foram caracterizados através das seguintes técnicas: i) análise elementar de carbono e hidrogênio; ii) análise dos íons TR3+ por titulação complexométrica; iii) difração de Raios X (método do pó); iv) análise térmica; v) espectroscopia vibracional de absorção no infravermelho (IV); e vi) microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As curvas TG/DTG dos complexos [TR(DBM)3H2O] e [TR(DBM)3(L)2] apresentam as etapas de decomposição térmica bem definidas e indicam que os complexos com ligantes sulfóxidos apresentam maior estabilidade térmica que os hidratados. Os espectros de absorção na região do IV evidenciam que a coordenação dos ligantes orgânicos (DBM e sulfóxidos) ao íon TR3+ ocorre através dos átomos de oxigênio. As fotomicrografias dos filmes indicam que as técnicas de deposição de filmes a vácuo e em solução podem fornecer filmes de boa qualidade. Os difratogramas de Raios X permitem o agrupamento dos complexos [TR(DBM)3(L)2] em uma mesma série isomórfica. Os espectros de emissão exibem desdobramentos das transições 5D0→7FJ (J=O-4) para os complexos de Eu3+ e 4G5/2→ 6HJ (J=5/2-11/2) para o Sm3+, que obedecem à regra de seleção 2J+1 e J+½, respectivamente. Os altos valores de parâmetros de intensidade Ω2 dos complexos de Eu3+ indicam que o íon TR encontra-se em um ambiente químico altamente polarizável. As curvas de decaimento dos níveis emissores 5D0 (Eu3+) e 4G5/2 (Sm3+) apresentam comportamento mono-exponencial para os complexos indicando a inexistência de outro processo de depopulação. Os valores de tempos de vida (τ) do nível emissor 5D0 dos Eu3+ complexos com ligantes sulfóxidos são maiores do que o complexo hidratado. Os complexos contendo ligantes sutfóxidos apresentam valores de eficiência quântica de emissão (η) e rendimento quântico experimental (q) superiores aos complexos hidratados devido os osciladores OH. Os espectros de emissão do [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] em soluções (etanol ou acetona) e em filmes apresentam perfis similares ao complexo no estado sólido. Tais resultados indicam que os dispositivos podem ser confeccionados através das técnicas em solução (spin coating, dip coating, \"silk screening e ink jetting). Os espectros de fosforescência dos complexos de Gd3+ apresentam as bandas referentes aos estados tripletos (T) do DBM (~486 nm); as quais estão ausentes nos espectros de emissão dos complexos de Eu3+ e Sm3+, indicando uma eficiente transferência de energia do estado T do ligante para os níveis emissores 5D0 do íon Eu3+ e 4G5/2 do íon Sm3+. O complexo [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] foi utilizado como camada emissora de luz vermelha na confecção dos dispositivos eletroluminescentes (EL); os quais foram confeccionados através da técnica de deposição física a vapor e apresentam as seguintes estruturas: (1) ITO / MTCD / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Alq3 / AI; (2) ITO / NPB / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Alq3 / Al; e (3) ITO / NPB / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Al. O filme depositado de MTCD= 1-(3-metilfenil)-1,2,3,4-tetrahidroquinolina-6-carboxialdeído-1,1-difenilhidrazona e NPB= N, N\'-bis(1-naftil) - N, N\'- difenil - 1,1\' - bifenil - 4, 4\'- diamina, atuam como transportadores molecuares de lacunas (buracos). O composto Alq3 [tris(8-quinolinonato)alumínio(III)] atua como transportador de elétrons. Deve-se ressaltar que o [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] também apresentam propriedades de transportadores de elétrons, o que tende a reduzir os custos de produção dos dispositivos EL orgânicos. A última camada do dispositivo eletroluminescente corresponde ao alumínio, o qual atua como catodo e refletor. Os espectros eletroluminescentes dos dispositivos exibem emissões características das transições 5D0→ 7FJ oriundas do íon Eu3+. A caracterização elétrica dos dispositivos indica que o dispositivo bi-camada apresenta maior eficiência do que o tri-camada. As coordenadas CIE (Commission Internationale de l\'Eclairage) dos dispositivos EL apresentam contribuições da emissão do NPB (400-600 nm) e da transição 5D1→ 7F1 do íon . Este problema pode ser solucionado com a alteração da arquitetura dos dispositivos (NPB, MTCD, TDP e Alq3). / This work presents the synthesis and photo and electroluminescent study of rare earth (RE3+= Eu3+, Gd3+ and Sm3+) β-diketonate (dibenzoylmethane - DBM) complexes with hydrated and sulfoxide ligands (L= benzyl sulfoxide -DBSO, methyl sulfoxide - DMSO, phenyl sulfoxide - DPSO and p-tolylsulfoxide - PTSO). The complexes were characterized by the following techniques: i) elemental analysis of carbon and hydrogen; ii) analysis of RE3+ by complexometric titration; iii) X Rays diffraction patterns; iv) thermal anaiysis; v) IR spectroscopy and vi) scanning electron microscope (SEM). The TG/DTG curves of [RE(DBM)3H2O] and [RE(DBM)3(L)2] complexes present stages of thermal decomposition well defined for the complexes and indicate higher thermal stability when compared with hydrated complex. The IR spectral data indicate that the coordination of organic ligands (DBM and sulfoxides) to RE3+ ions occur through the oxygen atoms. The photomicrographs obtained from films indicate which vacuum and solution techniques can give films with good quality. The X Rays diffraction patterns suggest that the [RE(DBM)3(L)2] complexes are in the same isomorfic series. The emission spectra of the complexes exhibit the 5D0→7FJ transitions (J=0-4) from the Eu3+ ion and 4G5/2→6HJ (J=5/2-11/2) from the Sm3+ ion, which follow the selection rule 2J+1 and J+½, respectively. The high values of the Ω2 intensity parameters of Eu3+ complexes indicate that the RE ion is in a highly polarizable chemical environment. The luminescence decay curves show a mono- exponential behavior for the complexes indicating the inexistence of other channel depopulation. The lifetimes (τ) values of the emitting level from RE3+ -complexes with sulfoxide ligands are higher than hydrated complexes. The complexes containing sulfoxide ligands present higher values of emission quanturn efficiency (η) and quantum yield (q) than hydrated complexes due OH oscillators. The emission spectra of [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] in solutions and fiIms show the similar spectrum profles compared with that in solid state. These results indicate device construction could be realized from solution techniques as spin coating, dip coating, silk screening and ink jetting. The phosphorescence spectra of the Gd3+-complexes show broaden bands arising from the triplet states (T) of the DBM-(~486nm); which are absent in the emission spectra for the RE3+ complexes indicating an efficient energy transfer from the (T) state of the ligand to the emitting level 5D0 and 4G5/2 of Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions, respecfively. The complex [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] was utilized as emitting layer of red light in construction of electroluminescent (EL) devices. These devices were constructed through Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) technique and they present the following structures: (1) ITO / MTCD / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Alq3 / AI; (2) ITO / NPB / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Alq3 / Al; e (3) ITO / NPB / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Al The MTCD =1-( 3-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-6-carboxyaldehyde-1,1-diphenyilhydrazone; and NPB =N,N-diphenyl-N,N-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1-biphenyl-4,4\'-diamine, act as hole transporting layer (HTL). The Alq3, (8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum) thin film act as electron transporting layer (ETL). The [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] complex shows electron transport properties; which tend to reduce the cost of production of this type of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices. The last layer is the Al (aluminum) thin íilm, which act as cathode and reflector of emitted light. The CIE (Commission Internationale de l\'Eclairage) coordinates of the EL devices show contributions of emission from the NPB (400-600 nm) and 5D1→ 7F1 transition from the Eu3+ ion. This problem can be solved with alteration h the architecture of the device (NPB, MTCD, TPD and Alq3.

A decomposição térmica dos compostos sulfoxídicos (1)-(4) foi efetuada a ca. 140 °C, até conversão total do material de partida. A mistura de produtos resultante, em cada caso, foi analisada por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massas. Foram preparadas amostras autênticas dos compostos assim identificados e, no caso dos sulfóxidos (2)-(4), a composição do produto de termólise foi determinada através de análises por cromatografia gasosa e RMN de 1H, utilizando-se o método do padrão interno. Os resultados obtidos estão sumarizados abaixo: Tabela - ver arquivo em PDF - Para três dos substratos estudados, os produtos finais poderiam originar-se de hemitiocetais intermediários, formados por um rearranjo de Pummerer. Este mecanismo de decomposição parece ser geral para sulfóxidos β-carbonílicos. No entanto, o substrato (1) decompõe-se termicamente por mecanismo radicalar. / The thermal decomposition of sulfoxides (1)-(4) was performed at ca. 140 °C, until complete consumption of the starting materiais. In each case, the product mixture was analyzed by GC/MS. Authentic samples of identified components were prepared, and in the case of sulfoxides (2)-(4), the crude product composition was determinded by gas chromatography and 1H NMR analyses (internal standard method).Results are as follows: See chart PDF file - For three cases, final products could originate from intermediate hemithioacetals, generated via a thermal Pummerer rearrangement. lhis decomposition mechanism seems to be general for the thermolysis of β-carbonyl sulfoxides. However, sulfoxide (1) decomposes under heating via a radical mechanism.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-86). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-86). Also available on the Internet.

Les propriétés biologiques intéressantes des biaryles à chiralité axiale ainsi que le défi lié à la construction de la liaison Csp2-Csp2 du motif biarylique ont suscité un vif intérêt des chimistes organiciens de synthèse. Les biaryles à chiralité axiale sont des structures privilégiées en chimie médicinale ainsi qu’en catalyse asymétrique. L’objectif de notre recherche était le contrôle de la chiralité axiale de la (-)-stéganacine en utilisant deux approches atropo-sélectives distinctes: couplage croisé de Suzuki-Miyaura (en présence de métaux de transition), couplage ARYNE (sans métaux de transition). Le couplage croisé de Suzuki-Miyauraatropo-diastéréosélectif a été réalisé en utilisant des β-hydroxysulfoxydes énantiopurs comme auxiliaires de chiralité. Le biaryle diastéréopur issu de ce couplage croisé a été transformé en un intermédiaire rapporté dans la littérature sans épimerisation de la chiralité axiale. La seconde approche était le couplage ARYNE atropo-diastéréosélectif, et fut testée dans un premier temps avec le p-tolylsulfoxyde énantiopur. Cependant nous avions rencontré un problème de manque de réactivité de l’arylsulfoxyde lithié. En revanche la chiralité axiale de la (-)-stéganacine a été contrôlée en utilisant des oxazolines comme auxiliaires de chiralité. / The interesting biological properties of axially chiral biaryls and the challenge of Csp2-Csp2 bond formation ofthe biaryl motif have aroused keen interest among synthetic organic chemists. The axially chiral biaryls areprivileged structures in medicinal chemistry and in asymmetric catalysis. The goal of our research is based onthe control of the axial chirality of (-)-steganacin using two differents atropo-selective approaches: Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling (in presence of transition metals), and ARYNE coupling (without any transitionmetals). The atropo-diastereoselective Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling was carried out using enantiopure β-hydroxysulfoxydes as chiral auxiliary. The resulting diastereopure biaryl was converted into an intermediatereported in the literature without any epimerization of axial chirality. The second approach was the atropodiastereoselectiveARYNE coupling which was tested for the first time with the enantiopure p-tolylsulfoxyde.However, we encountered a problem due to lack of reactivity of lithiated arylsulfoxide. Finally, the axialchirality of (-)-steganacin was controlled using oxazolines as chiral auxiliary.

A decomposição térmica dos compostos sulfoxídicos (1)-(4) foi efetuada a ca. 140 °C, até conversão total do material de partida. A mistura de produtos resultante, em cada caso, foi analisada por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massas. Foram preparadas amostras autênticas dos compostos assim identificados e, no caso dos sulfóxidos (2)-(4), a composição do produto de termólise foi determinada através de análises por cromatografia gasosa e RMN de 1H, utilizando-se o método do padrão interno. Os resultados obtidos estão sumarizados abaixo: Tabela - ver arquivo em PDF - Para três dos substratos estudados, os produtos finais poderiam originar-se de hemitiocetais intermediários, formados por um rearranjo de Pummerer. Este mecanismo de decomposição parece ser geral para sulfóxidos β-carbonílicos. No entanto, o substrato (1) decompõe-se termicamente por mecanismo radicalar. / The thermal decomposition of sulfoxides (1)-(4) was performed at ca. 140 °C, until complete consumption of the starting materiais. In each case, the product mixture was analyzed by GC/MS. Authentic samples of identified components were prepared, and in the case of sulfoxides (2)-(4), the crude product composition was determinded by gas chromatography and 1H NMR analyses (internal standard method).Results are as follows: See chart PDF file - For three cases, final products could originate from intermediate hemithioacetals, generated via a thermal Pummerer rearrangement. lhis decomposition mechanism seems to be general for the thermolysis of β-carbonyl sulfoxides. However, sulfoxide (1) decomposes under heating via a radical mechanism.

Este trabalho apresenta a síntese e os estudos foto e eletroluminescentes dos complexos de β-dicetonatos (dibenzoilmetanato -DBM) de terras raras trivalentes (TR=Eu3+, Sm3+ e Gd3+) hidratados e contendo ligantes sulfóxidos (L= dibenzilsulfóxido - DBSO, dimetisulfóxido - DMSO, difenilsulfóxido - DPSO e p-toluilsulfóxido - PTSO). Os complexos obtidos foram caracterizados através das seguintes técnicas: i) análise elementar de carbono e hidrogênio; ii) análise dos íons TR3+ por titulação complexométrica; iii) difração de Raios X (método do pó); iv) análise térmica; v) espectroscopia vibracional de absorção no infravermelho (IV); e vi) microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As curvas TG/DTG dos complexos [TR(DBM)3H2O] e [TR(DBM)3(L)2] apresentam as etapas de decomposição térmica bem definidas e indicam que os complexos com ligantes sulfóxidos apresentam maior estabilidade térmica que os hidratados. Os espectros de absorção na região do IV evidenciam que a coordenação dos ligantes orgânicos (DBM e sulfóxidos) ao íon TR3+ ocorre através dos átomos de oxigênio. As fotomicrografias dos filmes indicam que as técnicas de deposição de filmes a vácuo e em solução podem fornecer filmes de boa qualidade. Os difratogramas de Raios X permitem o agrupamento dos complexos [TR(DBM)3(L)2] em uma mesma série isomórfica. Os espectros de emissão exibem desdobramentos das transições 5D0→7FJ (J=O-4) para os complexos de Eu3+ e 4G5/2→ 6HJ (J=5/2-11/2) para o Sm3+, que obedecem à regra de seleção 2J+1 e J+½, respectivamente. Os altos valores de parâmetros de intensidade Ω2 dos complexos de Eu3+ indicam que o íon TR encontra-se em um ambiente químico altamente polarizável. As curvas de decaimento dos níveis emissores 5D0 (Eu3+) e 4G5/2 (Sm3+) apresentam comportamento mono-exponencial para os complexos indicando a inexistência de outro processo de depopulação. Os valores de tempos de vida (τ) do nível emissor 5D0 dos Eu3+ complexos com ligantes sulfóxidos são maiores do que o complexo hidratado. Os complexos contendo ligantes sutfóxidos apresentam valores de eficiência quântica de emissão (η) e rendimento quântico experimental (q) superiores aos complexos hidratados devido os osciladores OH. Os espectros de emissão do [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] em soluções (etanol ou acetona) e em filmes apresentam perfis similares ao complexo no estado sólido. Tais resultados indicam que os dispositivos podem ser confeccionados através das técnicas em solução (spin coating, dip coating, \"silk screening e ink jetting). Os espectros de fosforescência dos complexos de Gd3+ apresentam as bandas referentes aos estados tripletos (T) do DBM (~486 nm); as quais estão ausentes nos espectros de emissão dos complexos de Eu3+ e Sm3+, indicando uma eficiente transferência de energia do estado T do ligante para os níveis emissores 5D0 do íon Eu3+ e 4G5/2 do íon Sm3+. O complexo [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] foi utilizado como camada emissora de luz vermelha na confecção dos dispositivos eletroluminescentes (EL); os quais foram confeccionados através da técnica de deposição física a vapor e apresentam as seguintes estruturas: (1) ITO / MTCD / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Alq3 / AI; (2) ITO / NPB / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Alq3 / Al; e (3) ITO / NPB / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Al. O filme depositado de MTCD= 1-(3-metilfenil)-1,2,3,4-tetrahidroquinolina-6-carboxialdeído-1,1-difenilhidrazona e NPB= N, N\'-bis(1-naftil) - N, N\'- difenil - 1,1\' - bifenil - 4, 4\'- diamina, atuam como transportadores molecuares de lacunas (buracos). O composto Alq3 [tris(8-quinolinonato)alumínio(III)] atua como transportador de elétrons. Deve-se ressaltar que o [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] também apresentam propriedades de transportadores de elétrons, o que tende a reduzir os custos de produção dos dispositivos EL orgânicos. A última camada do dispositivo eletroluminescente corresponde ao alumínio, o qual atua como catodo e refletor. Os espectros eletroluminescentes dos dispositivos exibem emissões características das transições 5D0→ 7FJ oriundas do íon Eu3+. A caracterização elétrica dos dispositivos indica que o dispositivo bi-camada apresenta maior eficiência do que o tri-camada. As coordenadas CIE (Commission Internationale de l\'Eclairage) dos dispositivos EL apresentam contribuições da emissão do NPB (400-600 nm) e da transição 5D1→ 7F1 do íon . Este problema pode ser solucionado com a alteração da arquitetura dos dispositivos (NPB, MTCD, TDP e Alq3). / This work presents the synthesis and photo and electroluminescent study of rare earth (RE3+= Eu3+, Gd3+ and Sm3+) β-diketonate (dibenzoylmethane - DBM) complexes with hydrated and sulfoxide ligands (L= benzyl sulfoxide -DBSO, methyl sulfoxide - DMSO, phenyl sulfoxide - DPSO and p-tolylsulfoxide - PTSO). The complexes were characterized by the following techniques: i) elemental analysis of carbon and hydrogen; ii) analysis of RE3+ by complexometric titration; iii) X Rays diffraction patterns; iv) thermal anaiysis; v) IR spectroscopy and vi) scanning electron microscope (SEM). The TG/DTG curves of [RE(DBM)3H2O] and [RE(DBM)3(L)2] complexes present stages of thermal decomposition well defined for the complexes and indicate higher thermal stability when compared with hydrated complex. The IR spectral data indicate that the coordination of organic ligands (DBM and sulfoxides) to RE3+ ions occur through the oxygen atoms. The photomicrographs obtained from films indicate which vacuum and solution techniques can give films with good quality. The X Rays diffraction patterns suggest that the [RE(DBM)3(L)2] complexes are in the same isomorfic series. The emission spectra of the complexes exhibit the 5D0→7FJ transitions (J=0-4) from the Eu3+ ion and 4G5/2→6HJ (J=5/2-11/2) from the Sm3+ ion, which follow the selection rule 2J+1 and J+½, respectively. The high values of the Ω2 intensity parameters of Eu3+ complexes indicate that the RE ion is in a highly polarizable chemical environment. The luminescence decay curves show a mono- exponential behavior for the complexes indicating the inexistence of other channel depopulation. The lifetimes (τ) values of the emitting level from RE3+ -complexes with sulfoxide ligands are higher than hydrated complexes. The complexes containing sulfoxide ligands present higher values of emission quanturn efficiency (η) and quantum yield (q) than hydrated complexes due OH oscillators. The emission spectra of [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] in solutions and fiIms show the similar spectrum profles compared with that in solid state. These results indicate device construction could be realized from solution techniques as spin coating, dip coating, silk screening and ink jetting. The phosphorescence spectra of the Gd3+-complexes show broaden bands arising from the triplet states (T) of the DBM-(~486nm); which are absent in the emission spectra for the RE3+ complexes indicating an efficient energy transfer from the (T) state of the ligand to the emitting level 5D0 and 4G5/2 of Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions, respecfively. The complex [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] was utilized as emitting layer of red light in construction of electroluminescent (EL) devices. These devices were constructed through Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) technique and they present the following structures: (1) ITO / MTCD / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Alq3 / AI; (2) ITO / NPB / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Alq3 / Al; e (3) ITO / NPB / [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] / Al The MTCD =1-( 3-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-6-carboxyaldehyde-1,1-diphenyilhydrazone; and NPB =N,N-diphenyl-N,N-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1-biphenyl-4,4\'-diamine, act as hole transporting layer (HTL). The Alq3, (8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum) thin film act as electron transporting layer (ETL). The [Eu(DBM)3(PTSO)2] complex shows electron transport properties; which tend to reduce the cost of production of this type of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices. The last layer is the Al (aluminum) thin íilm, which act as cathode and reflector of emitted light. The CIE (Commission Internationale de l\'Eclairage) coordinates of the EL devices show contributions of emission from the NPB (400-600 nm) and 5D1→ 7F1 transition from the Eu3+ ion. This problem can be solved with alteration h the architecture of the device (NPB, MTCD, TPD and Alq3.

Le SmI₂ en tant que réactif de transfert monoélectronique a été largement utilisé en chimie organique depuis les premiers travaux de Kagan. Cependant, la quantité stœchiométrique ou en excès de SmI₂ et d'additifs toxique tels que HMPA sont utilisés normalement pour améliorer la réactivité. De plus, à cause de sa sensibilité à l'oxygène, le stockage de la solution de SmI₂ dans le THF est difficile. Récemment, nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode électrocatalytique basée sur la régénération électrochimique de Sm²⁺. Par rapport à la réactivité du SmI₂ classique, notre approche utilise une quantité catalytique de Sm. Premièrement, pour la réduction de nitroarènes, la réaction a sélectivement fourni les composés aromatiques azoïques et les anilines en fonction du solvant choisi. Notamment, c'est la première fois que la réaction Sm²⁺ se produit dans le méthanol dans le cas des anilines. Deuxièmement, dans le cas de la réduction des sulfoxydes par SmI₂, en général, l'HMPA était nécessaire comme additif. Dans notre procédé électrocatalytique, les sulfoxydes ont été transformés en sulfures avec une chimiosélectivité élevée et des excellents rendements toujours à température ambiante sans besoin ni de HMPA ni d’atmosphère protectrice. Enfin, les dérivés d'isoindolinone sont des séries de produits importants en chimie organique, la réduction des phtalimides est l'approche la plus pratique pour les obtenir. Avec les alcools, l'alcoxylation réductrice de phtalimides a eu lieu pour la première fois avec le Sm²⁺ électrocatalytique dans nos conditions. Et si on ajoute d'autres sources de protons, ce procédé a fourni les ω-hydroxylactames et isoindolinones correspondants avec des rendements élevés. / The SmI₂ as a single electron transfer reagent has been widely used in organic chemistry since the pioneering works by Kagan. However, the stoichiometric or excess amount of SmI₂ and harmful additives such as HMPA are used normally to enhance the reactivity, moreover, due to the oxygen sensitive, the storage of SmI₂ solution is difficult.Recently, we have developed a new electrocatalytic method based on the electrochemical regeneration of Sm²⁺. Compared to the classic SmI₂ reaction, our process occurred with a catalytic amount of Sm. In the reduction of nitroarenes, it selectively afforded the azo aromatic compounds and anilines depending on different solvents system. Notably, it’s the first time that the Sm²⁺ reaction occurred in the methanol. Normally, the HMPA was the additive in the reduction of sulfoxides by SmI₂. Under our electrocatalytic process, the sulfoxides were converted into sulfides in high chemoselectivity and yield at room temperature without HMPA and protecting atmosphere.The isoindolinone derivatives are series of important products in organic chemistry, the reduction of phthalimides is the most convenient approach to provide them. With alcohols, the unprecedented Sm²⁺ electrocatalyzed reductive alkoxylation of phthalimides was established. Moreover, adding other proton sources, this process afforded the corresponding ω-hydroxylactams and isoindolinones.

No description available.

Organosulfur compounds have been used by humans for centuries and played a pivotal role in shaping our history. The chemistry presented herein deals primarily with three distinct organic transformations involving organosulfur species. The three transformations are used in tandem to complete the synthesis of natural products. The first chapter examines a new diastereoselective alkylation reaction of sulfenate anions with stereoinduction provided by chiral amino iodides. A series of β-amino sulfoxides are accessed in good yields and selectivities from alkylations with the corresponding lithium arene- and E-1-alkenesulfenate anions. The relative reactivity of different electrophiles towards a selection of lithium sulfenate anions was also evaluated by performing competition experiments. In the second chapter 1,2-dibromotetrachloroethane (C2Br2Cl4) was evaluated as a more economical halogenating agent for the in-situ Ramberg-Bäcklund rearrangement (RBR). A series of trans-stilbenoids were successfully synthesized using this protocol in excellent yields. The new RBR system also worked well for dialkyl and cyclic substrates, but the reaction was plagued by polyhalogenation for hexyl benzyl sulfone. The methodology was extended to the formal total synthesis of natural polyphenol E-resveratrol. Chapter three investigates asymmetric aza-Michael reactions of chiral β-amino sulfoxides/sulfones to synthesize thiomorpholine S-oxides and S,S-dioxides, respectively. Remarkably, cyclizations of the β-amino sulfoxides provide the trans- 3,5-substituted heterocycles, while the β-amino sulfones provide the complementary cis-3,5-substituted heterocycles. The aza-Michael chemistry was exploited along with the sulfenate and RBR protocols to access two ant venom alkaloids. / NSERC