Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A halitose se caracterizada pela emanação de um odor desagradável onde cerca de 90% de se origina dentro da cavidade oral. Estudos têm demonstrado uma relação direta entre a doença periodontal e o odor ofensivo do hálito. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência e distribuição de halitose em um grupo de pacientes com doença periodontal em um estudo transversal observacional (n=112) e, em um estudo intervencionista, avaliar o efeito do tratamento periodontal full-mouth e convencional na redução da halitose em um grupo de pacientes com doença periodontal. Os pacientes responderam a uma anamnese, tiveram seu hálito mensurado pelo halímetro e teste organoléptico, além de realizados Índice de placa visível, Índice de sangramento gengival, Índice de saburra lingual e exame periodontal completo. No estudo 2, os pacientes foram submetidos a seis distintas formas de tratamento: terapia periodontal em sessão única, terapia convencional em quadrantes e, um grupo controle, com somente instrução de higiene oral. Todas as modalidades subdivididas: com e sem raspagem lingual diária. No primeiro estudo os resultados mostraram que, tanto para teste organoléptico quanto para o halímetro, houve maior grau de halitose nos grupos de idades mais avançadas, nos que relataram sangramento gengival e escovação menos que três vezes ao dia. Ainda no teste organoléptico a escovação de língua gerou diferença estatística. Não houve diferença estatística entre as medidas de halitose entre teste organoléptico e halímetro. Foram encontrados aproximadamente 75% de pacientes periodontais com halitose. No segundo estudo os resultados mostraram superioridade conforme análise do halímetro para 30, 60 e 90 dias para os grupos de raspagem em sessão única contra raspagem por quadrantes. Sendo todos os grupos superiores ao controle. Não houve diferença na abordagem com ou sem a raspagem de língua. De acordo com o teste organoléptico, não houve diferença entre os quatro tipos de tratamento periodontal comparados aos grupos controle. O mesmo aplica-se ao WTCI, onde os grupos de tratamento foram superiores ao controle, todavia semelhantes entre si. Concluiu-se que a idade e o sangramento gengival, assim como a frequência de escovação podem influenciar no grau de halitose, tanto no teste organoléptico quanto halímetro. A escovação de língua mostrou-se superior apenas na avaliação organoléptica. Quando avaliado através do halímetro o tratamento full-mouth foi superior ao tratamento convencional. Esta diferença não foi observada quando avaliado através do método organoléptico. Todas as modalidades de tratamento periodontal foram superiores aos grupos controle. A raspagem lingual não teve influência nos tratamentos. / Halitosis is characterized by the emission of an unpleasant odor about 90% originates in the oral cavity. Studies have shown a direct relationship between periodontal disease and the offensive odor of breath. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of halitosis in patients with periodontal disease in an observational cross-sectional study (n = 112) and, in an intervention study, the patients have had six distinct forms of treatment (n = 90) to verify the efficacy of full- vs. partial-mouth disinfection in the control of halitosis. Patients answered an interview, they have had their breath collected by halimeter, they have evaluated by organoleptic test, and visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, index of tongue coating and periodontal examination. In the second step, patients have been submitted to six different forms of treatment: periodontal therapy in one session, conventional therapy in quadrants, and the control group, with only oral hygiene instruction. All types split: with and without tongue scraping daily. The first study results shown for both organoleptic test as halimeter, a greater degree of halitosis in the older age groups, we have reported that gum bleeding and brushing less than three times per day. Still in organoleptic test brushing of tongue generated statistical difference. There was no statistical difference between the measures between halitosis and organoleptic test halimeter. There was about 75% og periodontal patients with halitosis. In the second study the results shown the superiority analysis as halimeter for 30, 60 and 90 days for groups of scraping in single session against scraping by quadrants. Being all groups superior from control. There was no difference in approach with or without tongue scraping. According to the organoleptic test, there was no difference between the four types of periodontal treatment compared to the control groups. The same applies to WTCI, the treatment groups were superior to the control, but similar to each other. It was concluded that age and gingival bleeding, like brushing frequency can influence the degree of halitosis, both the organoleptic test as halimeter. Brushing the tongue was superior only in organoleptic evaluation. When assessed by halimeter treatment full-mouth was superior to conventional treatment. This difference was not observed when measured by the organoleptic method. All periodontal treatment modalities were superior to control groups. Scraping lingual had no influence on treatments.

The road transportation is a big source for the release of NOx emissions. NOx has been confirmed to cause negative affect on the air-quality especially in the urban areas, there are therefore regulations for allowed released amount from vehicles. The most adopted technology used for the reduction of these NOx emissions from the diesel exhaust gas is the ammonium selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) using a Cu-zeolite as the catalyst in the system. The SCR catalyst can be deactivated through different mechanism, whereas poisoning by sulfur has been documented to be an important factor for the deactivation. The degree of deactivation of the catalyst has been suggested to vary depending on the catalytic material and which sulfur conditions the catalyst is exposed to, where SO3 has been indicated to cause more sever deactivation compared to SO2.  The aim of this project has been to investigate the deactivation mechanism of Cu-zeolites at different SOx conditions and evaluate potential regeneration mechanism. The project was carried out by evaluating the catalysts, Cu-BEA and Cu-SSZ-13, over different reactions that occurs in the SCR system, investigating the deactivation effect caused by SO2 poisoning and the regeneration potential. The project was then continued with the focus on the Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst investigating different SOx poisoning and regeneration conditions were investigated. In order to investigate the SO3 poisoning a generator using oxidation of SO2 to SO3 was successfully build during this project.  A kinetic model over the Cu-SSZ-13 NH3-SCR reactions was also built based on literature studies and the experimental data obtained. The results from the sulfur poisoning of Cu-BEA are based on the master thesis by Maria Arvanitidou. The fresh samples Cu-Beta and Cu-SSZ-13 exhibited similar activity, with the exception of the high formation of N2O observed over Cu-Beta under SCR conditions. The SO2 causes deactivation, especially at low temperatures. Cu-SSZ-13 exhibited more loss in activity but was able to recover more through the elevated SCR regeneration steps than the Cu-Beta. When SO2 exposure was performed together with NH3, larger deactivation was observed, likely due to ammonium sulfate species formed on the surface. The ammonium sulfate species were less thermally stable than copper sulfates, making it easier to recover the loss of activity in the Cu-SSZ-13. SO3 caused a much more sever deactivation of the SCR reactions than that of the SO2 poisoning and continued to show the lowest NOx removal activity after the regeneration process.  A difference in initial deactivation and recovery of activity between standard and fast SCR reactions was observed, indicating that the different mechanisms used are affected differently by the poisoning. The kinetic model for NH3-SCR over the Cu-SSZ-13 was successfully created when compared to the experimentally obtained data.

Issues with the dissolution and diffusion of polysulfides in liquid organic electrolytes hinder the advance of lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries for next generation energy storage. To trap and re-utilize the polysulfides, brush-like, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires based interlayers were prepared ex-situ using a wet chemistry method and were coupled with a sulfur/multi-walled carbon nanotube (S/MWCNT) composite cathode. The cell with this configuration showed a good cycle life at a high current rate ascribed to (a) a strong interaction between the polysulfides and ZnO nanowires grown on conductive substrates; (b) fast electron transfer and (c) an optimized ion diffusion path from a well-organized nanoarchitecture. A praline-like flexible interlayer consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and carbon (C) nanofiber was further prepared in-situ using an electrospinning method, which allows the chemical adsorption of polysulfides throughout a robust conductive film. A significant enhancement in cycle stability and rate capability was achieved by incorporating this interlayer with a composite cathode of S/MWCNT. These results herald a new approach to building functional interlayers by integrating metal oxides with conductive frameworks. The derivatives of the TiO2/C interlayer was synthesized by changing the precursor concentration and carbonization temperature. Finally, a dual-interlayer was fabricated by simply coating titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles onto an electro-spun carbon nanofiber mat, which was then sandwiched with a sulfur/assembled Ketjen Black (KB) composite cathode with an ultra-high sulfur loading. The conductive polar TiN nanoparticles not only have a strong chemical affinity to polysulfides through a specific sulfur-nitrogen bond but also improve the reaction kinetics of the cell by catalyzing the conversion of the long-chain polysulfides to lithium sulfide. Besides, carbon nanofiber mat ensures mechanical robustness to TiN layer and acts as a physical barrier to block polysulfides diffusion. The incorporation of dual interlayers with sulfur cathodes offers a commercially feasible approach to improving the performance of Li-S batteries.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:42:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_dj_dr_jabo.pdf: 855007 bytes, checksum: 3075b77cbb230dea543d70a9287b1789 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade técnico-econômica da poda associada ao controle químico no manejo da leprose. Visou também, investigar as relações entre leprose e características da planta, bem como o efeito de sucessivas aplicações de calda sulfocálcica sobre propriedades químicas do solo. O experimento foi conduzido de 2003 a 2010, totalizando sete safras, em um pomar de laranja „Pera‟ localizado no município de Reginópolis-SP. Neste pomar foram realizadas podas severas e leves, e replantio, e aplicações de acaricidas para controlar do ácaro vetor Brevipalpus phoenicis. Realizaram-se levantamentos populacionais do B. phoenicis e de ácaros predadores, quantificação da produção, incidência e severidade da leprose, assim como a viabilidade de cada estratégia empregada foi calculada. Nas duas últimas safras do experimento realizaram-se avaliações das características físico-químicas dos frutos, análises foliares e de solo. Após as sete safras, verificou-se que a poda utilizada isoladamente não foi suficiente para o controle da leprose, sendo necessária a associação de outras táticas. A poda leve associada a acaricidas específicos foi à tática mais eficiente e viável economicamente. Os parâmetros físico-químicos de frutos não foram afetados pela alta severidade leprose na planta, indicando que os frutos que permanecem na planta até a colheita apresentam características idênticas às plantas isentas de leprose. Entretanto, embora a leprose não afete a qualidade do suco, afeta significativamente a produtividade da planta, podendo reduzi-lá a zero. As plantas com maior severidade da leprose apresentaram menores teores foliares de cálcio e maiores teores de potássio, fósforo e nitrogênio. As várias aplicações de calda sulfocálcica sobre as plantas proporcionaram maior teor de enxofre no solo nas camadas de 0-20 cm e de 20-40 cm / The aim of this work was to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of pruning associated with chemical control in citrus leprosis management. And also investigate the relationship among the disease and properties plant, as well as the effect of successive applications of lime sulfur on chemical properties of soil. The study was conducted from 2003 to 2010, totaling seven seasons in an orange plantation of the „Pear‟ variety in the city of Reginópolis-SP. In the orchard were realized severe and light pruning over citrus trees and replanting and pesticide spraying to control Brevipalpus phoenicismite, the disease vector. There had been performed B. phoenicis and predator mite population surveys, yield evaluation, leprosis incidence, as well as the variability of each strategy was also measured. By the two last seasons during the experiment was carried out fruit physical and chemical properties evaluation, leaf and soil analysis. After seven seasons period, it was observed that the pruning only is not able to control leprosis by itself, being necessary another strategy associated. The light pruning associated to the specific acaricide application was the more efficient and economically viable. The main fruit physical and chemical parameters were not affected by the leprosis incidence, what shows that the fruit that remain on the plant until the harvest have identical characteristics to that plant free from the disease. However, although the leprosis not affect juice quality, the disease reduces production significantly. The plant presenting higher leprosis severity present lower leaf calcium content and higher potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen contents.The various lime sulfur spray on the plant had provided a highersulfur content at 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm soil depth

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e aplicar um modelo de Análise de Risco Ecológico (ARE) com vistas a classificar os riscos associados às emissões atmosféricas em áreas industriais a partir da utilização do bioindicador vegetal Lolium multiflorum e da aplicação dos princípios de análise de risco ecológico utilizado em ambientes aquáticos e solos contaminados. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de janeiro de 2005 a abril de 2008 no entorno da refinaria de petróleo, Alberto Pasqualini, através de duas estações amostrais situadas nos municípios de Canoas (29°55'07" S 51°10'54" O) e Esteio (29°49'16" S 51°08'09" O), Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil que possuem redes de monitoramento químico e biológico das emissões de SO2. O modelo utilizado associou as informações provenientes do efeito dos estressores, oriundos das emissões atmosféricas de compostos de enxofre, nos receptores, ou seja, o tecido do bioindicador vegetal que tende a acumular poluentes, como o enxofre, na sua parte aérea. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros nos bioindicadores vegetais: concentração de enxofre acumulado nas plantas, teor de clorofila α e ganho de biomassa, classificados neste estudo como variáveis respostas. Estas foram integradas aos dados de concentração de SO2 da atmosfera, que deram origem as variáveis explicativas, unidade de potencial tóxico (UPT), unidade tóxica de exposição (UTE) e taxa de sulfatação. A partir dos dados de qualidade ambiental "guidelines" e dos histogramas de freqüência foram definidas as seguintes classes de risco: baixo, médio ou alto. A integração dos resultados obtidos das variáveis explicativas e de resposta foi realizada através de análise estatística multivariada de correspondência que demonstrou indícios de risco à vegetação do entorno da refinaria, quando estas foram submetidas a UPT maiores do que a unidade. Dos 39 meses de monitoramento, verificou-se que a estação amostral de Esteio apresentou 13% destes com valores de UPT situados na classe 3, classificação de risco alto. Na estação amostral de Canoas, 26% das UPT foram classificadas como de indícios de risco alto. Nas duas estações amostrais estudadas, foi possível medir o efeito da UPT nas variáveis biológicas, tais como aumento do acúmulo de enxofre na parte aérea das plantas, redução do teor de clorofila α e redução de ganho de biomassa. A partir do desenvolvimento deste modelo torna-se possível interpretar a significância dos riscos ecológicos associados a emissões atmosféricas industriais para toda a biota do entorno da área industrial. Este modelo servirá de base para a avaliação dos efeitos danosos da poluição atmosférica sobre a vegetação de localidades industriais com características semelhantes. / The objective of this work was to develop and apply a model Ecological Risk Analysis (ERA) to classify the risks related to the atmospheric emissions in industrial areas using the vegetable bioindicator Lolium multiflorum and the application of ecological risks analysis principles in aquatic atmospheres and contaminated soils. This work was starting from January, 2005 to March, 2008 around of Petroleum Refinery area, the name Alberto Pasqualini, in two fixed samples stations localized in Canoas (29°55'07" S 51°10'54" 0) and Esteio (29°49'16" S 51°08'09") cities, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. These stations have chemical and biological SO2 emissions monitoring system. The proposed model for the ecologic risk evaluation associates the information from stressors' effects, which come from sulfur compounded gases emissions, at the receptors, that is, the vegetable bioindicator tissue accumulates pollutants (as sulfur) in the plants aerial parts. It was evaluated the following vegetable bioindicators parameters; sulfur concentration accumulated in the plants, chlorophyll a and biomass increased, classified in the study as "answers data". These "answers data" were linked to the SO2 atmosphere concentration, which generate the "consequence data"; Toxic Potential Unit (TPU), Exposure Toxic Unit (ETU) and total sulfation. Based on the environmental quality data "guidelines" and the histograms of frequency it was possible to define the following risks categories: low, medium or high. The integration between the "consequence data" and "answers data" was made using the statistics correspondence multiple variable analysis that demonstrate indications of risks for the vegetation localized around the refinery, when it was exposed an TPU higher than the unit. During the 39 months of monitoring, the Esteio sample station presented 13% of TPU values in the category 3 or high risk. In the Canoas sample station, 26% of the TPU were classified as the high risk. In these two fixed samples stations it was possible measure of TPU effects in the biological variable, as sulfur accumulation in the plants aerial parts, chlorophyll "a" reduction and biomass reduction. Based of this model analysis it will be possible to evaluate the ecological risks significance linked with industrial atmospheric emissions for all biota around the industrial area of study. This model will support others studies on dangerous effects over vegetable around industrial plants that are in similar conditions.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Agronomy / Ganga M. Hettiarachchi / Constructed wetland treatment systems (CWTSs) are an alternative adaptation for flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater purification. A series of laboratory-based soil column studies mimicking a pilot-scale CWTS was carried out to evaluate the performance of the treatment system in detail. The main objectives of studies were to (1) understand the transport characteristics, retention capacity and transformation of selenium and other FGD constituents in the CWTS, (2) evaluate the effectiveness of soil treatments and influent flow rate on the performance of the CWTS, and (3) develop a mechanistic understanding of the CWTS performance through monitoring interrelationships of selenium (Se), arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and sulfur (S). Ferrihydrite (1% w/w), and labile organic carbon (OC) were used as soil treatments. Different influent flow rates, X (1.42 mL/hour), 2X, or 1/2X were used depending on the objectives of each study. Deoxygenated 1:1 mixture of FGD: raw water was the influent. It was delivered to the saturated columns with an upward flow. Effluent samples were collected continuously, and analyzed for constituents of concern. End of these experiments, soil from sectioned columns were used for total elemental analysis, sequential extraction procedure (SEP) for Se, and synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy analyses. Results indicated a complete Se retention by the columns. Boron, and fluorine partially retained whereas sodium, sulfur, and chlorine retention was weak, agreeing with field observations. Some of the initially-retained Se (~ 4 to 5%) was mobilized by changing redox conditions in the soil. Selenium fed with the wastewater accumulated in the bottom 1/3 (inlet) of the soil columns and was mainly sequestrated as stable forms revealed by SEP. Bulk-, and micro-XANES analyses suggested the retention mechanism of Se from the FGD wastewater was via the transformation of Se into reduced/stable forms [Se(IV), organic Se, and Se(0)]. Under wetland conditions, native soil As was mobilized by reductive dissolution of As associated minerals. However, the ferrihydrite amendment suppressed the native soil As mobility. Micro-XRF mapping integrated with As, and Fe-XANES suggested that the mechanism of native soil As retention was the sequestration of released As with newly precipitated secondary Fe minerals. A long-term study carried out with X, 1/2X flow rates, and OC source indicated enhanced S retention by the slow flow rate (1/2X), most likely due to the time dependency of biogenic S reduction. Further, bulk S-, As-, and Fe-XANES revealed that long submergence period and the slow flow rate increased the formation of reduced and/or biogenic S, realgar-like, and greigite-like species. These observations indicated that modified flow rates could have a significant impact on the long-term trace element (such as As) sequestration in the CWTS. Our studies provide useful information to improve the performance, and longevity of a full-scale CWTS for FGD wastewaters.

abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified as a potential ingredient for grain boundary passivation of multicrystalline silicon. Sulfur is already established as a good surface passivation material for crystalline silicon (c-Si). Sulfur can be used both from solution and hydrogen sulfide gas. For multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells, increasing efficiency is a major challenge because passivation of mc-Si wafers is more difficult due to its randomly orientated crystal grains and the principal source of recombination is contributed by the defects in the bulk of the wafer and surface. In this work, a new technique for grain boundary passivation for multicrystalline silicon using hydrogen sulfide has been developed which is accompanied by a compatible Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) surface passivation. Minority carrier lifetime measurement of the passivated samples has been performed and the analysis shows that success has been achieved in terms of passivation and compared to already existing hydrogen passivation, hydrogen sulfide passivation is actually better. Also the surface passivation by Al2O3 helps to increase the lifetime even more after post-annealing and this helps to attain stability for the bulk passivated samples. Minority carrier lifetime is directly related to the internal quantum efficiency of solar cells. Incorporation of this technique in making mc-Si solar cells is supposed to result in higher efficiency cells. Additional research is required in this field for the use of this technique in commercial solar cells. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2014

abstract: One of the greatest problems facing society today is the development of a sustainable, carbon neutral energy source to curb the reliance on fossil fuel combustion as the primary source of energy. To overcome this challenge, research efforts have turned to biology for inspiration, as nature is adept at inter-converting low molecular weight precursors into complex molecules. A number of inorganic catalysts have been reported that mimic the active sites of energy-relevant enzymes such as hydrogenases and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. However, these inorganic models fail to achieve the high activity of the enzymes, which function in aqueous systems, as they lack the critical secondary-shell interactions that enable the active site of enzymes to outperform their organometallic counterparts. To address these challenges, my work utilizes bio-hybrid systems in which artificial proteins are used to modulate the properties of organometallic catalysts. This approach couples the diversity of organometallic function with the robust nature of protein biochemistry, aiming to utilize the protein scaffold to not only enhance rates of reaction, but also to control catalytic cycles and reaction outcomes. To this end, I have used chemical biology techniques to modify natural protein structures and augment the H2 producing ability of a cobalt-catalyst by a factor of five through simple mutagenesis. Concurrently I have designed and characterized a de novo peptide that incorporates various iron sulfur clusters at discrete distances from one another, facilitating electron transfer between the two. Finally, using computational methodologies I have engineered proteins to alter the specificity of a CO2 reduction reaction. The proteins systems developed herein allow for study of protein secondary-shell interactions during catalysis, and enable structure-function relationships to be built. The complete system will be interfaced with a solar fuel cell, accepting electrons from a photosensitized dye and storing energy in chemical bonds, such as H2 or methanol. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biochemistry 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 domingues_chf_me_jabo.pdf: 336764 bytes, checksum: 96a84ad26e208c18fbcdc65dde25a4fe (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso de diferentes níveis de lisina e de metionina + cistina digestíveis durante o período pós - muda, sobre a recuperação corporal, desempenho, qualidade de ovos e morfometria do aparelho reprodutor, fígado e pâncreas de poedeiras comerciais no segundo ciclo de produção. Foram utilizadas 432 poedeiras comerciais da linhagem Isa Brown, com 72 semanas de idade, distribuídas em 54 parcelas, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e nove repetições de oito aves cada. Durante o descanso foram utilizados seis rações cujos níveis de lisina e metionina + cistina digestíveis variaram: 0,48% de lisina digestível e 0,43% de metionina+cistina digestíveis; 0,48% de lisina digestível e 0,47% de metionina+cistina digestíveis; 0,48% de lisina digestível e 0,52% de metionina+cistina digestíveis; 0,56% de lisina digestível e 0,50% de metionina+cistina digestíveis; 0,56% de lisina digestível e 0,56% de metionina+cistina digestíveis; 0,56% de lisina digestível e 0,62% de metionina+cistina digestíveis.Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e em caso de efeito significativo, a comparação de médias foi realizada a 5% de probabilidade através do teste de Tukey. Os diferentes níveis de lisina e de metionina+cistina digestíveis das dietas de descanso, determinaram efeitos significativos sobre os parâmetros de desempenho das aves. Observou-se que, o nível de 0,56% de lisina e 0,56% de metionina + cistina digestíveis, proporcionou maior peso dos ovos durante o segundo ciclo de produção / This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using different levels of lysine and methionine + cystine, about the body recovery, performance and egg quality of laying hens in the post molt. It was used four hundred and thirty two hens of Isa Brown strain, with 72 weeks of age, distributed in 54 cages in a completely randomized design with six treatments and nine replicates of eight birds each. During the rest period, were used six diets with different levels of digestible lysine and methionine + cystine. The values ranged from: 0.48% digestible lysine and 0,43% methionine + cystine; 0.48% digestible lysine and 0.47% methionine + cystine; 0.48% digestible lysine and 0.52% methionine + cystine; 0.56% digestible lysine and 0.50% methionine + cystine; 0.56% digestible lysine and 0, 56% methionine + cystine; 0.56% digestible lysine and 0.62% methionine + cystine. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and in case of significant effect, the comparison of means was performed at 5% probability by Tukey test. The different levels of lysine and methionine + cystine diets of rest have determined significant effects on the performance parameters of laying hens. It was observed that the level of 0.56% lysine and 0.56% methionine + cystine, resulted in greater weight of eggs during the second production cycle

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:29:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ramos_sb_me_jabo.pdf: 678005 bytes, checksum: c26818a4aa88fbc25a2c9fa8ae65fb8f (MD5) / Embora o gesso agrícola seja um insumo utilizado na cultura da cana-de-açúcar, em praticamente todas as regiões produtoras do País, persistem ainda algumas dúvidas sobre os benefícios proporcionados por sua aplicação. O trabalho objetivou avaliar doses de gesso agrícola nos atributos químicos do solo, na densidade de matéria seca de raiz, na produtividade e qualidade tecnológica da cultura por duas safras consecutivas. O experimento foi instalado em Dracena, SP, com delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em parcelas sub-subdivididas para atributos químicos do solo e subdivididas para densidade de matéria seca de raiz, qualidade tecnológica e produtividade, tendo como tratamentos, doses de gesso (0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 t ha-1) aplicadas após o terceiro corte da cana, períodos de avaliação (Anos agrícolas 2007/08 e 2008/09) e profundidade de amostragem (0-0,2; 0,2-0,4; 0,4-0,6; 0,6-0,8 e 0,8-1,0 m), em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, de textura média. Foram coletadas amostras de solo nas mesmas camadas, antes da instalação do experimento e depois de cada colheita. No segundo ano agrícola foi avaliada a densidade de matéria seca de raiz. As análises químicas de solo identificaram aumentos de Ca, S e saturação por bases e redução da saturação por alumínio. A aplicação do gesso agrícola promoveu a movimentação do Mg no primeiro ano agrícola, porém não foi observada a lixiviação do K. O gesso agrícola aumentou significativamente a densidade de matéria seca de raiz. Os tratamentos com doses de gesso não alteraram significativamente a ATR e produtividade da cana-de-açúcar / Although agricultural gypsum is an input used in the sugar cane crop in practically all producing regions in the country, there are still some questions regarding the benefits provided through its application. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rates of agricultural gypsum on soil chemical attributes, on root dry matter density, and on the yield and technological quality of the crop throughout two consecutive crop seasons. The experiment was carried out in Dracena, SP with a randomized block design with four replications in split-split plots for soil chemical attributes and split plots for root dry matter density, technological quality and yield, with treatments being rates of gypsum (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 t ha-1) applied after the third cutting of the sugar cane, periods of assessment (2007/08 and 2008/09 crop seasons) and depth of sampling (0-0.2; 0.2-0.4; 0.4-0.6; 0.6-0.8 and 0.8-1.0 m), in a Haplustox soil. Soil samples were collected at the same layers before carrying out the experiment and after each harvest. In the second crop season, the root dry matter density was assessed. Soil chemical analyses identified increases of Ca, S and base saturation, and reduction of aluminum saturation. Agricultural gypsum application led to leaching of Mg in the first crop year, however, leaching of K was not observed. Agricultural gypsum significantly increased root dry matter density. Treatments with rates of gypsum did not significantly modify the Total Recoverable Sugar (TRS) and sugar cane yield