Two trial were conducted to determine the possible effects of season, protein supplementation, age and birth status on the reproduction rate (ovulation rate and rate of twinning) of ewes. In Trial 1 the weight, age and birth status if ewes were recorded. 144 ewes were randomly allocated in two treatment groups (urea and mix protein group) synchronised, mated and the number of corpora lutea, foetuses observed, lambs born per ewe and the mass of the ewe after lambing were also recorded. Lambing status or the 1-year-old (0.993 ± 0.316) and 2-year-old (1.233 ± 0.134) ewes were lower (p < 0.05) than that of the 6- year-old ewes (1.897 ± 0.248). The lambing status and the number of corpora lutea of the single born ewes (1.179 ± 0.131; 1.274 ± 0.138) were lower (p < 0.0001) than that of the twin born ewes (1.614 ± 0.139; 1.782 ± 0.147), within the urea treatment. In Trial 2, 75 ewes were randomly allocated in four treatment groups (raw lupins, cooked lupins, cottonseed oil-cake and Fescue grass), synchronised and the number of corpora lutea were recorded. The weight, age and birth status of the ewes were also recorded. The number of corpora lutea from the cooked lupin group (1.815 ± 0.184) was significantly higher than that from the cottonseed oilcake group (1.048 ± 0.209), within the twin born ewe group. It was concluded that season, protein supplementation, age and birth status influenced the reproduction rate of ewes. Copyright / Dissertation (Msc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 91 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 145 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 106 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Sales and usage of dietary supplements have significantly risen in recent years, bringing along various health risks such as liver damage and adverse effects on cardiovascular health. In Sweden, dietary supplements are classified as regular foods under Swedish law and are subject to monitoring by local municipalities. This study aimed to examine how Swedish municipalities oversee the regulation of dietary supplements, while also investigating differences between larger and smaller municipalities. Data were collected through a web-based questionnaire comprising nineteen questions. The questionary covered topics including general supervision practices, inspection frequency at facilities, and knowledge levels concerning different dietary supplement products. The questionary achieved a response rate of 56% (163 out of 290). Among the respondents, 95% were involved in the supervision of dietary supplements, 80% had established plans, and 67% had implemented specific policies. A majority of the stores were inspected every three years, with some receiving annual inspections. Respondents' overall knowledge level was considered moderate, with significant disparities between larger and smaller municipalities. While most municipalities are actively engaged in regulating dietary supplements, there are still certain deficiencies in their management practices. The inspection frequency of most municipalities inspected facilities based on the Swedish Food Agency's risk classification model. Knowledge levels regarding dietary supplements among municipalities are generally satisfactory, though notable discrepancies exist between large, medium-sized, and small municipalities.

The usage of dietary supplements has increased in the last decades and it’s getting more common to sell them online on websites in Sweden. Information about dietary supplements is not allowed to be misleading. Companies that sell them are for example not allowed to say that their products alleviate diseases. This study aimed to find out the health risks with dietary supplements online and see how often medical claims are stated on websites. The method used was controlling websites that sell dietary supplements to find medical claims. Also analyzing reports from a Swedish municipalities control done on companies that sell dietary supplements online. The results showed that medical claims appeared on 73% of the controlled websites. It was not possible to ensure any differences for the study’s selected categories on the websites. It was clear according to the study that consumers can be misled with misleading claims or lacking information, which can lead to health risks. Incorrect information can lead to children ingesting dietary supplements and having allergic reactions, as well as overdosing on dietary supplements, which can lead to liver damage. Medical claims can vary in severity but claims that say to reduce various diseases are considered risky as dietary supplements can be taken instead of medicine. This can make an illness or inflammation worse and cause unnecessary suffering. The result showed that buying dietary supplements online does not lead to such great health risks in general.

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Background: Past studies have shown that optimal nutrition can enhance physical activity, athletic performance, and recovery from exercise. It is important for college athletes to incorporate positive eating behaviors into their daily lives, such as consuming breakfast, eating frequently throughout the day, and not skipping meals in order to maintain energy levels and reach their sports performance potential. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the eating behaviors and dietary supplement use of underclassmen and upperclassmen student athletes at Georgia State University. Methods: Underclassmen (freshmen, sophomores) and upperclassmen (juniors, seniors, fifth-year seniors) athletes (n=255) completed a nutrition screening questionnaire. Chi-square analysis was used to assess group differences in eating behaviors and supplement use. Results: Underclassmen student athletes were significantly more likely than upperclassmen to consume breakfast most days of the week (p=0.008). The underclassmen also reported significantly more eating occasions during the day than upperclassmen (p=0.012). The majority of both groups reported skipping meals, and breakfast was the meal most frequently missed. No significant difference was found for supplement use between the classes, but over half of the underclassmen (53%) and upperclassmen (59%) have taken or currently take protein supplements. Conclusions: The underclassmen athletes at Georgia State University displayed better eating habits than the upperclassmen, but dietary supplement use was the same in both groups. The findings indicate that all student athletes at the university could benefit from learning about ways to improve their eating habits and obtain peak performance through diet, without supplements.