Title: The Influence of the Dance Sport on Poise Objectives: The main goal of this diploma work is the creation of coordination maps of selected muscular structures in the body, its evaluation and assessment of the impact of the dance sport on poise. The research deals with the kinesiological analysis of muscle activation affecting postural stabilization of the dance couple. Methods: Method of the surface electromyography combinated with kinematography analysis used synchronized video recording has intended level of postural muscle activity in dance. Results: Interpretation of the coordination maps selected muscular structures was founded that dance sport may result in muscle imbalances in the torso. Keywords: Dance sport, Poise, Surface electromyography, Posture, Muscle disbalance

3 Abstract: Title: Nordic walking - muscle response at movement apparatus in pelves area. Purposes: The aim of the thesis is to compare muscle timing in pelves area using EMG during free bipedal walk and during the walk with special sticks. Methods: Surface electromyography combinated with kinematografy analysis used synchronized video recording. Results: It Managed to prove different muscle timing at Nordic walking and at free walk. It was proved lower activity of stabilization muscles at walk with sticks. Key words: Nordic walking, surface electromyography, stabilization muscles, kinematics analysis, bipedal locomotion

Title: Nordic walking - muscle response at movement apparatus in pelvis area. Purposes: The aim of the thesis is to compare muscle timing in pelvis area using EMG during free bipedal walk and during the walk with special sticks. Methods: Surface electromyography combinated with kinematografy analysis used synchronized video recording. Results: It Managed to prove different muscle timing at nordic walking and at free walk. It was proved lower activity of stabilization muscles at walk with sticks. Key words: Nordic walking, surface electromyography, stabilization muscles, kinematics analysis, bipedal locomotion

Title: The comparative kineziologic analysis of forward stroke on wheelchair and crawling. Objectives of the Thesis: The aim of the thesis is to compare muscle activity of selected muscles in shoulder girdle during forward stroke on wheelchair and crawling. Method: Surface electromyography combinated with kinematography analysis used synchronized video recording. Results and Conclusions: As the research shows, there is a difference in muscle activity (timing) between forward stroke on wheelchair and during crawling. It was proved that the activity of forward stroke on wheelchair does not have natural locomotive character. Keywords: Forward stroke on wheelchair, crawling, shoulder girdle, surface electromyography, kinematics analysis.

Title: Evaluation of EMG Activity of the Shoulder Girdle Muscles during Exercises with Thera-Band in Aquatic Environment and on Land. Objective: The main goal of this thesis is to determine a degree of muscle activity of upper trapezius muscle and other selected muscles in the aquatic environment and on land and to compare the values. Furthermore, to determine whether the upper trapezius muscle activates in the aquatic environment later than on land, compared to other selected muscles. Methods: This is the case of study, where the degree of muscle activity and the onset of activation of the upper trapezius muscle and other selected muscle is analyzed and then evaluated during shoulder abduction in two different environments using elastic resistance strength (yellow Thera-Band). As an objectification method surface electromyography had been chosen. To ensure the same set of initial conditions the abduction was performed in sitting position. The same chair was used in water and on land. Four female participants part in the experiment. Findings: The degree of muscle activity of upper trapezius muscle in the aquatic environment significantly decreased. It wasn't confirmed, that the upper trapezius muscle has been activated later in water than on land. Timing of selected muscles in aquatic environment...

Title: Effect of water temperature on the electrical activity of muscle Objective: Main objective of this work is to determine the spatiotemporal changes in muscle activation depending on different properties of the environment. All this at a defined muscle power output. Measured by hand dynamometer. Methods: This is a case study. Is processed and analyzed the relationship of the forearm muscles against the aquatic environment (different temperatures - 15 řC, 24 řC and 35 řC) and against dry. Muscular power output is defined and measured by hand dynamometer. Muscular power output was determined as isometric contraction flexors of wrist and fingers of dominant hand. It all in three different modes. The research group were included 5 healthy individuals (3 women, 2 men). As objectivization method was determined surface electromyography. Findings: There is no influence of water temperature (15 řC, 24 řC and 35 řC) on spatiotemporal activation of muscle. It all at a defined muscle power output. There is also no changes on spatiotemporal activation of muscle in aquatic and dry. Keywords: muscle contraction, temperature, water environment, surface electromyography, Water Surface EMG

The aim of this thesis is to determine the use of surface electromyography for functional diagnostic of upper limb in spinal cord injury patients from an occupational therapy perspective. Functional diagnostic is focused on personal activities of daily living (pADL). So far, no one has commented this topic from an occupational therapy perspective in the Czech Republic. The thesis should offer another possibility of objective evaluation. The theoretical part deals with the description of upper limb, including kinesiology, the types of grasps of quadriplegic patients and the muscles involved in performing personal activities of daily living. There are problem areas of activities of daily living in spinal cord injury patients and their classification. At the end of the theoretical part is described electromyography, interconnection with occupational therapy and use of surface electromyography. There is also described interdisciplinary team. The practical part consists of six case reports, in which subjects were measured muscle activity during performing personal activities of daily living using surface electromyography. This section presents a diverse use of application of surface electromyography both in terms of graphical imaging and wide age dispersion of patients. Keywords: surface...

A variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (VFC) tem sido utilizada como um marcador fisiológico do controle autonômico do coração, enquanto a eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs) tem mostrado ser uma ferramenta útil de análise para avaliar a resposta muscular frente ao exercício físico. Assim os objetivos do presente estudo foram: avaliar o controle autonômico do coração a partir das respostas da freqüência cardíaca e de sua variabilidade nas condições de repouso, nas posições supina e sentada, e durante teste de esforço físico dinâmico contínuo do tipo rampa (TEFDC-R). Avaliar a atividade eletromiográfica durante o TEFDC-R e ainda verificar a correlação entre a atividade eletromiográfica e a variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca durante o TEFDC-R. Metodologia: estudou se 10 homens, ativos, saudáveis, jovens (23,7 ± 3,02 anos) em repouso, nas posições supina e sentada, e durante TEFDC-R, com incrementos de 20 Watts (W) por minuto. Os dados de freqüência cardíaca e dos intervalos R-R (ms) foram coletados em tempo real, batimento a batimento, durante o repouso e o exercício. A EMGs integrada foi coletada do músculo vasto lateral (VL) nos 20 segundos finais de cada minuto durante o TEFDC-R. Análise dos dados: foram calculados os valores médios da freqüência cardíaca (FC) em bpm e dos intervalos R-R (iR-R) em ms em repouso durante os 15 minutos e o índice temporal RMSSD dos iR-R (ms) e da FC (bpm) nessas condições. Durante o TEFDC-R, foi obtida a média da FC (bpm) e o RMSSD dos iR-R (ms) nos 20 s finais de cada minuto de exercício paralelamente a análise da EMGs pelo índice RMS da amplitude do sinal em microvolts. Metodologia estatística: Para a análise estatística utilizou-se os testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas, de Friedman para medidas repetidas seguido de técnicas de comparações múltiplas com o teste de Dunn e análise de correlação de Spearman. Foram considerados níveis de significância de á=0,05. Resultados: os dados apresentam significância estatística (p<0,05) nas seguintes análises: 1) menor FC (bpm) e maior iR-R (ms) médios em supino em relação a sentado; 2) maior VFC em supino quando comparado a sentado; 3) FC (bpm) média e RMSSD dos iR-R (ms), durante o TEFDC-R, entre a potência de 4 W e os intervalos a partir de 55 e 60 W; 4) aumento do índice RMS da EMGs entre 4 W e a partir do intervalo de 57 e 60 W; 5) correlação entre RMS e RMSSD (rs=-0,64), entre FC e RMS (rs=0,61) e entre FC (bpm) e RMSSD (rs=-0,76). Conclusões: nossos dados sugerem que houve uma alteração no balanço vago-simpático com predominância vagal na posição supina quando comparada com a sentada. Mostram ainda, uma associação entre o incremento de potências durante o exercício físico com o aumento do recrutamento de fibras musculares com concomitante aumento da freqüência cardíaca e diminuição da VFC. Essa associação é atribuída tanto ao comando de controle central como dos mecanismos reflexos periféricos, ativados a partir das aferências das fibras musculares do grupo III (ergoceptores) e do grupo IV (metaboloreceptores). Sugerindo o trânsito de informações advindos do córtex motor ativando as fibras musculares e paralelamente à área cardiovascular, modulando o sistema nervoso autonômico do coração / Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used as a physiological marker of heart autonomic control, while surface electromyography (SEMG) has shown to be a useful analysis tool for evaluating muscular response to physical exercise. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to evaluate heart autonomic control beginning from heart rate (HR) answers and its variability (HRV) in rest conditions, in supine and seating positions, and during test of dynamic physical exercise continuous of ramp type (TDPEC-R). We also intended to evaluate electromyographic activity during TDPEC-R and analyze correlation between HRV and SEMG during test of dynamic physical exercise continuous of ramp type (TDPEC-R). Methodology: Ten men; young (23,7 ± 3,02 years), healthy and with an active life style; were followed up during TDPEC-R in rest, supine and seating positions, with 20 W increments per minute. The HR and R-R intervals (R-RI) data were recorded on a beat-to-beat basis in real time during rest and exercise. Integrated SEMG was collected from vastus lateralis muscle captured during the last 20 seconds of each minute during TDPEC-R. Analysis of the data: HR average values were calculated [in beats per minute (bpm)] and R-RI, in rest condition for 15 minutes. RMSSD temporal index of R-RI and HR were calculated in both conditions. During TDPEC-R, the average HR and RMSSD of R-RI was achieved in the last 20 s of each minute of exercise in parallel with SEMG analysis by RMS index of signal width in microvolts. Statistics Methodology: Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used for paired samples, Friedman’s for repeated measures followed by multiple comparisons techniques with Dunn test and correlation analysis of Spearman. a=0.05 was the considered level of significance. Results: the data presented statistic significance (p<0,05) in the following analyses: 1) lower HR (bpm) and R-RI (ms) average values in supine than in seating position; 2) higher HRV values in supine in comparison to seating position; 3) average HR (bpm) and xiii RMSSD of R-RI (ms) values, during TDPEC-R, between potency of 4 W and intervals starting from 55 and 60 W; 4) increase of RMS index of SEMG between 4 W and starting from interval of 57 and 60 W; 5) correlation between RMS and RMSSD (rs=-0.64), between HR and RMS (rs=0.61) and between HR (bpm) and RMSSD (rs=-0.76). Conclusions: our data suggest that there was an alteration in vagal- sympathetic balance with vagal predominance in supine position in comparison to seating position. The data also demonstrate association between power increment during physical exercise with increase of muscular fibers recruitment with simultaneous HR increase and HRV decrease. This association is attributed to central control command as well as to outlying reflexes mechanisms, activated from afferent muscular fibers of groups III (ergoreceptors) and IV (metaboreceptors). Which suggests information traffic from the motor cortex, activating muscular fibers, and parallel to cardiovascular area, modulating the autonomous nervous system of the heart

Objectives: to verify if women with migraine present altered neck muscles function and altered muscle activity in comparison to non-headache subjects. Moreover, we aimed to identify if there is any relationship between neck muscles dysfunction and the chronicity of migraine attacks. Methods: women with migraine, stratified by episodic and chronic, and age-matched non headache women were the subject of the current thesis. Neck pain relateddisability was assessed by the Neck Disability Index. Neck muscles strength was assessed by a customized hand-held dynamometer. Myoelectrical signals of the sternocleidomastoid, anterior scalene, splenius capitis and upper trapezius were assessed using surface electromyography. Experimental conditions involved maximal isometric voluntary contractions in flexion, extension and lateral bending directions and; craniocervical flexion test, a low load test applied to verify deep cervical flexors ability to supply adequate cervical spine stability. Finally, identification of myofascial trigger points and head and cervical posture photogrammetric evaluation were made in order to be correlated to the muscles electrical activity in the craniocervical flexion test. Results: Although both groups presents high prevalence of neck related disability, subjects with chronic migraine are more likely to report neck related disability, especially the most disabling forms, than episodic migraine. Episodic migraine demonstrated to different neck muscle control only under maximal voluntary tasks. Chronic migraine presented alterations in comparison with controls at maximal conditions, i.e., lower extension force; more time to produce maximal force; greater antagonist coactivation and greater fatigability. During craniocervical flexion test, chronic migraine also differs from control group presenting greater activity of neck extensors. Presence of active trigger points in neck muscles and extended head posture can influence the neck muscles activity during the craniocervical flexion test. Conclusions: migraine is associated to a deterioration of neck muscles functions and to an altered motor control. We can assume an interaction between chronicity of migraine frequency and cervical dysfunction, specially related to neck extensors. More severe disabilities and the majority of the altered function or motor control could only be evidenced in the chronic form / Objetivos: verificar se mulheres com migrânea apresenta alteração na função e atividade dos músculos do pescoço quando comparados a mulheres sem cefaleia. Ainda, objetivamos identificar se há relação entre disfunção cervical muscular e a cronicidade da frequência de crises migranosas. Materiais e métodos: mulheres com migrânea, estratificada entre episódica e crônica, e mulheres sem cefaleia com idade semelhante foi o objeto de estudo dessa tese. Foi investigada a incapacidade relacionada à dor cervical pelo questionário Neck Disability Index e a força muscular cervical utilizando um dinamômetro manual customizado. Ainda, a atividade elétrica dos músculos esternocleidomastoideo, escaleno anterior, esplênio da cabeça e trapézio superior foi verificada pela eletromiografia de superfície. Os procedimentos experimentais foram contração isométrica voluntária máxima em flexão, extensão e inclinação lateral; e o teste de flexão craniocervical, que avalia a habilidade dos músculos flexores cervicais profundos em prover adequada estabilidade para esse segmento. Por fim, a identificação de pontos gatilhos nos músculos cervicais e a avaliação da postura da cabeça e do pescoço por foto foram realizadas a fim de correlacionar os achados com a atividade eletromiográfica. Resultados: embora ambos os grupos de migrânea tenham apresentado alta prevalência de incapacidade relacionada à dor cervical, a migrânea crônica apresenta maior risco de relatar incapacidades mais severas em relação a migrânea episódica. O grupo de migrânea episódica apresentou controle muscular cervical alterado em condição de contração voluntária máxima. Já o grupo migrânea crônica apresentou alterações sob condições máximas, como por exemplo, redução da força dos extensores, mais tempo para gerar pico de força em flexão e inclinação lateral, maior coativação do antagonista e maior susceptibilidade à fadiga. Ainda, durante o teste de flexão craniocervical, o grupo migrânea crônica apresentou maior atividade dos extensores indicando alteração no controle motor. A presença de pontos gatilhos nos músculos do pescoço e a postura em extensão de cabeça pode influenciar a atividade elétrica dos músculos cervicais durante a execução do teste de flexão craniocervical. Conclusões: a migrânea está associada a uma deteriorização da função e do controle motor cervical. Podemos assumir ainda que há uma interação entre a cronicidade da frequência das crises migranosas e a disfunção muscular cervical, especialmente relacionada aos extensores. Incapacidades mais severas e a maioria das disfunções musculares e alteração no controle motor só puderam ser evidenciadas para o grupo com migrânea crônica

Einleitung Funktionsstörungen der Schulter treten mit unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit nach Neck dissection auf. Die durchgeführten Studien untersuchten den Einfluss einer Trapeziusparese und einer Schädigung des Plexus cervicalis auf die Entstehung einer Schulterfunktionsstörung. Hierzu sollten neue Methoden zur Bewertung der Aktivität des Musculus trapezius entwickelt werden. Die genauen Auswirkungen auf die Lebenssituation des Patienten waren bisher unklar. Methode Zur Bewertung der Trapeziusfunktion wurde eine simultane Oberflächenlelektromyographie und Schulterhebekraftmessung durchgeführt. In Vorversuchen erfolgte die Entwicklung des Versuchsaufbaus. Wir verwendeten eine bipolare Ableitung des oberen und unteren Trapeziusanteils und eine isometrische Schulterhebekraftmessung bei 90° Abduktion. Es wurden frequenz- und amplitudenabhängige Merkmale bei rampenförmig ansteigender Schulterhebekraft berechnet (Root Mean Square, Mean Frequency, Mean Power Frequency, Frequenzverhältnis und Turnanalyse nach Willison). Die Datenanalyse erfolgte unter LabVIEW(r). Die Funktion des Plexus cervicalis wurde anhand einer semiquantitativen Erfassung der Oberflächensensibilität festgestellt. Die Auswirkung der Schulterfunktionsstörung auf die Lebenssituation des Patienten wurde mittels des Constant Murley Scores eingeschätzt. Ergebnisse Die erste Studie beinhaltete 90 Probanden und zeigte einen statistisch signifikanten Anstieg (p / Introduction Functional shoulder disorders after neck dissection have different incidences. The following studies investigated the influence of a trapezius muscle palsy and a damage of the cervical plexus on the frequency of painful shoulder complaints. The consequences for shoulder function and for daily life activities were not yet clear. Methods For assessment of the trapezius function a simultaneous surface electromyography and force measurement were performed. We used a bipolar electrode configuration and an increasing isometric contraction in 90° arm abduction. Frequency and amplitude based parameters (Root Mean Square, Mean Frequency, Mean Power Frequency, Frequency Ratio, Turn Analysis of Willison) were computed and analysed in LabVIEW(r). The cervical plexus function was determined by semiquantitative measurement of the cutaneous sensibility. Shoulder function and restriction in daily life activities were assessed by the Constant Murley Score. Results The first group included 90 probands and showed a statistical significant (p