O decaimento do potencial de superfície de um isolante carregado por um pulso rápido de descarga corona é estudado supondo-se densidade finita de armadilhas profundas, o que generaliza o cálculo anterior de Rudenko. Supõe-se que uma fração da carga depositada na superfície é instantaneamente injetada, obtendo- se o potencial como função do tempo, bem como o potencial residual. O comportamento assintótico do potencial é estudado para o caso em que toda a carga da superfície é\' instantaneamente injetada. são apresentados alguns gráficos do transiente,correspondentes a particulares valores dos parâmetros que levam a expressões mais simples / The decay of the surface pontential of a sample,corona charged by a pulse, is studied. It is assumed a finite density of deep traps,and this makes our calculation a generalization of previous work by Rudenko. It is supposed that a fraction of the charge deposited on the surface moves inside the sample and the potential as a function of the time is obtained as well as the residual potential. The asymptotic behavior of the potential is also obtained when alI the charge is injected. Those transients leading to simples mathematical expressions are shown in graphs

This diploma thesis is focused on the application of Kelvin probe microscopy on graphene fabricated by the chemical vapour deposition. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with basic principles of Kelvin force microscopy and focus ion beam. Further, basic properties of graphene and its possible fabrication methods are discussed. The experimental part is focused on the surface potential measurements on graphene membranes fabricated on the substrate modified by focus ion beam. Finally, atomic force microscope lithography was used for nanopatterning of graphene sheets.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system of fish. Although ten years have passed since the first identification, the systematic knowledge about fish-specific TLR19 is still far insufficient. In present study, a phylogenetic analysis showed that TLR19 belonged to family 11, and clustered with TLR20 and TLR11/12 on the evolutionary tree. TLR20 is the closest paralogue of TLR19. The ectodomain of TLR19 contains 24 leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules. The electrostatic surface potential analysis indicated that the modeled structure of TLR19 ectodomain showed much stronger polarity on the ascending lateral surface than on the descending lateral surface. The ascending lateral surface with strong electrostatic surface potential possibly mainly participates in the ligand binding of TLR19 ectodomain. The quite small dN/dS value at the TLR19 locus showed that TLR19 was very conserved. Approximately one third codons in the coding sequence of TLR19 were subjected to significantly negative selection, whereas only 5 codons underwent significantly positive selection. Overall, these findings possibly help in deepening the understanding to fish-specific TLR19.

Dans la perspective de l’aéronef « plus électrique », l’augmentation de puissance électrique embarquée se traduit par une augmentation de tension. Les tensions envisagées aujourd’hui sont inférieures à 1000 V DC. Mais des valeurs plus élevées peuvent être considérées pour le futur. Il est donc indispensable d’étudier les dégradations prématurées induites par cette élévation de tension sur les équipements existants. Ce travail de thèse, portant spécifiquement sur les câbles aéronautiques, constitue une contribution à cette étude. Les câbles examinés, constitués d’une âme multibrins sur laquelle sont rubanées des couches de PTFE et PI, ont subi différents vieillissements accélérés thermiques statiques et dynamiques, sous humidité, et ce sans ou avec contrainte électrique. Certains vieillissements ont été effectués sur une durée supérieure à 9000 heures. Les décharges partielles (DP) ont été étudiées sur ces câbles en termes de tension d’apparition PDIV et RPDIV. Ces DP peuvent intervenir à l’extérieur ducâble mais également à l’intérieur (pour des tensions plus élevées) dans les interstices d’air entre l’isolant et les brins conducteurs. Cette localisation a été confirmée par un modèle électrostatique. L’effet du vieillissement n’a pu être constaté que sur les décharges internes, avec dans certains cas une réduction significative des valeurs de RPDIV.Des analyses physicochimiques du système d’isolation électrique ont été effectuées ainsi que des radiographies par rayons X. Des modifications chimiques des interfaces du système d’isolation interviennent au cours des vieillissements. Pour les vieillissements les plus poussés (après 9000h sous contrainte thermique à 240°C), ces modifications résultent en la formation de cavités où des DP peuvent prendre place. Enfin, des mesures électrostatiques de potentiel de surface (déclin et retour après neutralisation) ont mis en évidence, bien avant l’observation de cavités, une augmentation de conductivité d’une des couches de l’isolation. / In future "more electric" aircraft, the increase in on board electrical power will result in an increase in voltage. The voltages envisaged today are lower than 1000 V DC, but higher values can be considered in the medium to long term. It is therefore essential to study possible premature degradation of existing equipment induced by this rise in voltage. This thesis work, specifically on aeronautical cables, is a contribution to this goal. The examined cables, consisting of a multi-stranded core on which PTFE and PI layers are wound, have undergone various static and dynamic accelerated thermal aging, under humidity, without or with electrical stress. Aging has been carried out in some cases for more than 9000 hours. Partial discharges (DP) were studied on these cables in terms of the appearance voltage PDIV and RPDIV. These DPs can occur outside the cable but alsoinside (for higher voltages) in the air gaps between the insulation and the conductive strands. This location has been confirmed by an electrostatic model. The effect of aging was only found in the case of internal discharges, with in some cases a significant reduction in RPDIV values.Physicochemical analyses of the electrical insulation system were carried out as well as x-ray radiography. Chemical modifications of the interfaces of the insulation system occur during aging. For the most advanced aging (after 9000h under thermal stress at 240°C), these changes result in the formation of cavities where DP can then take place. Finally, electrostatic measurements of surface potential (decline and return after neutralization) have shown, well before the observation of cavities, an increase in conductivity of one of the layers of the insulation.

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23897号 / 工博第4984号 / 新制||工||1778(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉村 博之, 教授 山田 啓文, 教授 邑瀬 邦明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Please refer to full text for abstract.

Usando a técnica de decaimento do potencial de superfície e de correntes termo estimuladas, foi investigado em cristais de naftaleno, o movimento de cargas elétricas injetadas por uma descarga corona. Os resultados obtidos nas medidas de decaimento, foram explicados satisfatoriamente usando um modelo teórico de transporte de cargas, na presença de armadilhas rasas e profundas. A partir desse modelo foram calculadas: a mobilidade modulada dos portadores, o tempo de captura das armadilhas profundas e estimada a sua seção de captura. Nas medidas de corrente termo-estimuladas, foram identificadas as armadilhas rasas e profundas e determinada as suas profundidades energéticas. / Using the method of surface potential decay, and thermal stimulated currents, it was possible to study the motion of electrical charges, injected in naphthalene single crystals, by a negative corona discharge in the air. The results obtained in the measurements of the decay, were explained by using a theoretical model of transport of charges in the presence of shallow and deep traps. With the help of this model, the trap modulated mobility of the carriers, the trapping time of the deep traps, and the capture cross section were calculated. In the measurements of thermal stimulated currents, it was possible to identify the deep and shallow traps and also to calculate their activation energies.

INTRODUÇÃO: A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC) é procedimento já incorporado às diretrizes do tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca crônica grave. Os efeitos sobre a repolarização ventricular são controversos e seu comportamento ainda precisa ser melhor definido por meios não invasivos. OBJETIVO: Analisar o comportamento da repolarização ventricular, através do mapeamento eletrocardiográfico de superfície (MES), em pacientes sob TRC. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 52 pacientes sob TRC com indicação classe I das Diretrizes Brasileiras de Dispositivos Cardíacos Eletrônicos Implantáveis-2007, com idade média 58,8±12,3 anos, 31 homens, FEVE:27,5±9,2 e QRS:181,5±24,2ms. Foram excluídos os que não eram classe I e também os que usavam amiodarona, portadores de fibrilação atrial, marcapasso ou CDI prévios. O MES de 87 derivações (59 no tórax anterior e 28 no dorso) foi realizado em ritmo sinusal (BASAL) e sob efeito do ressincronizador (BIV) Através de medidas semiautomáticas foram obtidos o intervalo QT, QTc médio e a dispersão de QT (DQT) global das 87 derivações, nos dois modos de estimulação, em cada paciente. As mesmas medidas foram realizadas e comparadas nas três regiões discriminadas pelo MES (VD, Septo e VE). Caracterizamos assim, o comportamento global e regional do QT e sua dispersão na TRC. Utilizamos os testes t Student pareado e ANOVA para comparações múltiplas. Nível de significância de p< 0,05. RESULTADOS: O comportamento global do QTmédio foi sensivelmente menor em BIV que no BASAL (424,4±38,7 x 455,8±46,5ms; p<0,001), assim como o QTc médio (460,7±42,3 x 483,8±41,4ms; p<0,05) e a DQT (61,2±26,2 x 74,9±28,7ms; p<0,05). O QTmédio foi semelhante nas 3 regiões nos modos BASAL e BIV (p=ns), porém o QTc médio nas regiõess VD e VE mostrou-se significantemente menor no modo BASAL. Sob BIV, essa diferença foi notavelmente menor na região do VD. A DQT, em região do VE, por sua vez, foi significantemente menor em relação ao Septo, nos dois modos (BASAL: 40,5±23,1 x 55,7±28,7ms, p<0,01 e BIV: 30,6±20,4 x 47,1±20,2ms, p<0,001). A variação de efeito (D%) da TRC determinou redução do QTmédio nas 3 regiões (VD: p=0,0014; Septo: p=0,0001 e VE: p=0,0018), enquanto a DQT reduziu-se em VD: p=0,04 e VE: p=0,023. Em região septal, a redução da DQT não atingiu significância, embora tenha mostrado a mesma tendência de resposta. CONCLUSÃO: O Mapeamento Eletrocardiográfico de Superfície detectou redução global e regional dos valores da repolarização ventricular, através da análise do QTm, QTcm e DQT, por efeito da terapia de ressincronização cardíaca em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca grave e BRE / BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an already established procedure, which became part of the guidelines for severe chronic heart failure treatment. Its effects upon the ventricular repolarization are controversial, therefore CRT response still remains to be better defined by noninvasive methods. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the ventricular repolarization response by body surface potential mapping (BSPM) in patients undergoing CRT. METHODS: Fifty-two patients undergoing CRT, mean age 58.8±12.3 years, 31 male, LVEF 27.5±9.2 and QRS duration 181.5±14.2ms, with indication class I of the 2007Guidelines for Implantable Electronic Cardiac Devices of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, were studied. Those who were not in class I and/or in use of amiodarone, with atrial fibrillation, or with previous pacemaker or ICD, were excluded. Eighty-seven-lead BSPM examination (59 leads on the anterior chest and 28 on the back) was performed in sinus rhythm (BASELINE), and in biventricular pacing (BIV) with the resynchronization device on. Global values of QT and mean QTc intervals, and QT dispersion (DQT) were semiautomatically measured in all patients in the two pacing modes. Same measurements were made and compared in the three regions (RV, Septum and LV) discriminated by BSPM maps. Thus we characterized the global and regional QT response and its dispersion under CRT. t-Student paired test and ANOVA were used for multiple comparisons. Significance level: p<.05. RESULTS: The global mean QT response was considerably smaller in BIV pacing than in BASELINE (424.4±38.7 x 455.8±46.5ms; p<.001), and so were the mean QTc (460.7±42.3 x 483.8±41.4ms; p<.05) and DQT (61.2±26.2 x 74.9±28.7ms; p<.05). Mean QT was similar across the three regions in both pacing modes (p=ns); however, mean QTc in RV and LV regions was found to be significantly smaller in BASELINE. In BIV pacing such difference was considerably smaller in the RV region. On the other hand, DQT value in the LV region was significantly smaller compared to the Septum region in both modes (BASELINE 40.5±23.1 x 55.7±28.7ms. p<.01; and BIV 30.6±20.4 x 47.1±20.2ms. p<.001). Variation of CRT effect (D%) determined reduction of mean QT in the three regions, RV (p=.0014); Septum (p=.0001); and LV (p=.0018), while DQT was reduced in RV (p=.04) and LV (p=.023) regions. DQT reduction in the septal region was not significant, although it showed the same trend of response. CONCLUSION: body surface potential mapping detected reduction of global and regional ventricular repolarization values by analyzing QTm, QTcm and DQT variables under the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy, in patients with severe heart failure and LBBB