Thesis (doctoral)--University of Oulu, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Deux tests sérologiques (test de fixation de complément (CFT) et l'ELISA de compétition (cELISA)) sont recommandés par l'OIE et utilisés couramment au Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire de Bamako parfois en parallèle dans le diagnostic et le dépistage de la péripneumonie contagieuse bovine (PPCB). La performance de ces tests a été estimée différemment par plusieurs auteurs dans des contextes épidémiologiques différents à partir de méthodes statistiques standards avec un statut sanitaire réel des animaux partiellement ou totalement connu. Dans un milieu où la PPCB est endémique avec différents stades d'évolution de la maladie, sachant que les tests sérologiques sont non parfaits (non gold standards), l'utilisation d'une approche bayésienne semblait appropriée pour une appréciation précise des paramètres de performance de tests qui sont la sensibilité et la spécificité, afin de mieux apprécier la prévalence de la maladie dans le cheptel bovin du delta central du Niger au Mali. Les résultats d'analyse de laboratoire des échantillons de terrain ont servi de bases de données importantes pour une analyse descriptive de la situation épidémiologique par appréciation des patrons de variations des principaux paramètres pouvant exercer une influence majeure sur la propagation de la PPCB. Ceci, dans le but d'aider à la réflexion sur la recherche d'outils et stratégies nouvelles dans le processus de prévention et d'éradication de la PPCB par le développement des modalités d'implantation d'une méthodologie innovante, pratique et efficace comme la qualification sanitaire troupeau concernant la PPCB dans un environnement d'élevage extensif. Cette thèse a permis de mieux définir les corrélations entre les deux tests, d'observer une meilleure sensibilité de cELISA par rapport à CFT permettant de justifier son utilisation seule dans un programme de dépistage à large échelle de la PPCB dans un milieu endémique. La démonstration dans l'étude de l'existence d'agrégation des animaux séropositifs à l'échelle du troupeau et aussi géographique montre qu'un système de qualification sanitaire troupeau pourrait jouer en collaboration avec le réseau national de surveillance épidémiologique vétérinaire, un rôle prépondérant dans la lutte ciblée et la maîtrise de la propagation de la PPCB au Mali. Mots clefs : PPCB-cELISA-CFT-Approche bayésienne-Agrégation-qualification sanitaire-Bovin / Two serological tests (complement fixation test (CFT) and competitive ELISA (cELISA)) are recommended by the OIE and commonly used in Central Veterinary Laboratory of Bamako sometimes in parallel, in the diagnosis and screening for contagious (CBPP). The performance of these tests has been estimated differently by several authors in different epidemiological settings using standard statistical methods with a real status of animals partially or completely known. In an environment where CBPP is endemic and where different stages of disease are available, given that serological tests are not perfect (not gold standard), the use of Bayesian approach seemed appropriate for an accurate assessment of the performance parameters of tests which are the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values to better assess the prevalence of the disease in cattle in the central Niger delta in Mali. The results of laboratory analysis of field samples were used as large database for epidemiological analysis of the geographical distribution of seroprevalence and the influence of major risk factors for the spread of CBPP. This, in order to aid reflection on tools research and new strategies in the process of prevention and eradication of CBPP by developing for implementation of an innovative, practical and effective methodology as sanitary qualification of cattle. This thesis has helped define the correlations between the two tests, observing a better sensitivity of cELISA compared to CFT to justify its use only in a program of widespread testing of CBPP in an endemic environment. In this study, the proof of the existence of aggregation of seropositive animals across herds and geographical level shows that a sanitary qualification system of cattle can play in collaboration with the national network of veterinary epidemiological surveillance a leadership role in targeted control and mastery of the spread of CBPP in Mali.Keys words: CBPP- cELISA - CFT- Bayesian approach -Aggregation- Sanitary qualification –Bovine

Submitted by Joel de Lima Pereira Castro Junior (joelpcastro@uol.com.br) on 2017-06-05T20:56:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fernando Bicharra.pdf: 1363399 bytes, checksum: b6188f78912fefb17db9deee9699ad6b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca de Administração e Ciências Contábeis (bac@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-06T21:22:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fernando Bicharra.pdf: 1363399 bytes, checksum: b6188f78912fefb17db9deee9699ad6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T21:22:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fernando Bicharra.pdf: 1363399 bytes, checksum: b6188f78912fefb17db9deee9699ad6b (MD5) / Instituto de Lógica, Filosofia e Teoria da Ciência. Niterói, RJ / Este trabalho de dissertação teve como objetivo principal utilizar o cinema como ferramenta epistemológica para o entendimento dos mecanismos de vigilância e controle nas organizações do século XXI. O estudo do filme O Grande Chefe (2006), de Lars Von Triers, relacionou-se com o referencial bibliográfico numa via de mão dupla: a análise fílmica suscitou questões e novos entendimentos acerca do controle nas organizações, e a revisão teórica foi lapidando o quadro argumentativo da ferramenta epistemológica oferecida pela obra cinematográfica. O que pudemos concluir é que analisando os mecanismos de vigilância e controle nas teorias organizacionais, à luz do materialismo histórico, isto é, encarando a Administração e o saber científico criado nas teorias organizacionais em sua totalidade e levando em conta suas as condições materiais e seu papel no desenvolvimento capitalista, é que nas organizações do século XXI, representadas pela empresa retratadas no filme, coexistem sofisticados discursos ideológicos, que combinam preceitos toyotista e da administração flexível, e técnicas de controle coercitivo, onde impera a utilização ora da força, ora da formação de consentimento, conforme a teoria gramsciana de dominação, contemporânea à predominância do fordismo como teoria administrativa hegemônica no mundo, tanto em termos de saber científico quanto em aplicação nas indústrias. / This dissertation aimed to use the film as an epistemological tool for the understanding of monitoring and control mechanisms in the twenty-first century organizations. The study of the film The director of it all (2006), from Lars Von Triers, was related to the bibliographic reference in a two-way street: the filmic analysis raised questions and new understandings of control in organizations, and theoretical review was chiseling the argumentative framework of epistemological tool offered by the cinematographic work. What we can conclude is that analyzing the surveillance and control mechanisms in organizational theories in the light of historical materialism, that is, facing the administration and the scientific knowledge created in organizational theory in its entirety, taking into account their material conditions and their role in capitalist development, is that the organizations of the twenty-first century, represented by the company portrayed in the film, coexist sophisticated ideological discourses that combine Toyotist and flexible management principles, and coercive control techniques, dominated by the use now of force, sometimes the consent of training, according to Gramsci's theory of domination, contemporary to the predominance of Fordism as administrative theory hegemonic in the world, both in terms of scientific knowledge and in application in industries.

The project follows up on the undergraduate work on the issue of control and surveillance in public space. Tendencies of absolute transparency, well-arranged and controllable public premises, supposedly implying security, are present in most of the newly emerging complexes of buildings and urban planning strategies. Whether it is done consciously or as a result of current “trends” and requirements, which only a few question, the space is built to meet these demands for easy controllability. The second method of control, which has also emerged during the era of modernism, is the control of the indoor climate through "mechanical environmental management" or through the use of fossil fuel energy for heating, cooling and ventilation. Current requirements for the comfort of the indoor environment presuppose a constantly, fully and homogeneously tempered environment, regardless of the outdoor climate or the time of year. Both control regimes permeate all measures of the urban environment and have a direct impact on its organization, form and, above all, on the regimes of its usage. Developers and their commissioned architects repeat well-proven business models and forms, without any major focus on the context of the place, and incorporate this "logic of control" into their buildings and surroundings. Housing complexes are planned and built up as one unit with a rigid structure and only a minimal possibility of their later alteration. The domain of control through transparency penetrates from the public space to the entrance door of the apartment unit. Indoor, social control changes to total control of the interior climate of the apartment, where the boundaries between seasons and day and night are blurred. The proposal is investigating alternative ways of urban planning and architecture. The project deals with the relationship between building, its surroundings and applicable regulations, standards and energy efficiency, along with the idea of adaptive living.