Suspension bridges possess a number of advantages, allowing overlapping average and large spans. The basic disadvantage of suspension bridges can be considered their increased deformability, particularly under the action of non-symmetrical and local loads. Deformability depends, in general, on the kinematical character of displacements of a flexible suspension cable. Required rigidity of suspension bridges is achieved, by increasing the height, and consequently the weight of a stiffening girder, by diagonal suspenders or two-cable or combined prestressed systems. Reduction of kinematical displacements of the main cable can also be achieved by a reduction of the sag-to-span ratio, but the smaller the sag of a cable, the greater are the cable thrust forces and the required cross-sectional areas of the cables. One of the ways of suspension systems stabilization is giving certain bending stiffness to the suspension cables. Such structural solution with success is used in suspension roofs. With the aim to increase the stability of suspension bridges the author proposes to use the finite bending stiffness cables. The cables can be made of standard steel profiles or have composite sections. Conventionally, they are called as “rigid cables”. To verify this solution, the investigation on behavior of suspension bridges with rigid cables under loading has to be undertaken.

Šiame darbe yra nagrinėjama automobilio važiuoklė , jos konstrukcija,panaudojau programine įranga skirta inžineriniams skaičiavimams ir projektavimui.Automobilio važiuoklės paskirtis – švelninti smūgius i kėbulą atsirandančius dėl kelio nelygumų.Automobilio pakaba turi užtikrinti kuo sklandesnį ir saugesnį važiavimą.Tiriamajame darbe nagrinėjama šiuolaikinė programinė įranga projektavimui ir analizei.Projektuojamai pakabai keliami rezultatai: 1. Turi būti kiek galima lengvesnė; 2. Pigiai pagaminama ir eksploatuojama; 3. Turėti geras kinematines savybes kad nesikeistų erdvinė rato padėtis(provėža,rato išvirtimo kampas) Tiriamojo darbo tikslai: 1. suprojektuoti pakabos erdvinį kinematinį modelį 2. Atlikti projektuojamų detalių analizę su Cosmos Motion programa; 3. Išnagrinėti pakabos sandarą ir veikimo principą; Tyrimui taikome šiuolaikinį automatizuoto projektavimo programinį paketą „Solid Works“.Taikant šiuos paketus žymiai sumažėja gaminio sukūrimo laikas,tokie pat komponentai gali būti panaudoti daug kartų ir nereikia perbraižyti. Atliekant pakabos projektavimą buvo panaudoti kiek galima mažesni ir lengvesni pakabos elementai tai leido sumažinti pakabos svorį.Suprojektuota svirtis iš vamzdinio profilio yra 3 kartus lengvesnė.Suprojektuota apatinė svirtis yra lengvesnė ir mažesnių matmenų nei įprasta standartinė.Atlikus apatinės svirties analizę baigtinių elementų metodu,nustatyta kad apatinė svirtis yra pakankamo stiprumo ir standumo. / The cars chassis analyses and analyze of construction are made in this work. I have used software, for engineering calculations and projecting. The aim pf chassis is to make hits to cars body softer, witch occurs because of bad road. The cars chassis have to ensure the safer and smoother driving as much as possible. In the searching work, we are studying nowadays software for projecting and analyzes. We have requirements for projecting chassis: 1. It has to be light (not heavy) as much as possible; 2. It has to be done and exploitation cheaply ; 3. it has to have good kinematical properties, to ensure spatial wheal stability (rut and wheal flare angle should not change). The aims of researching work: 1. Calculating loads when car is crouched during stopping. 2. Make analyze of body using COSMOS Motion software; 3. Analyze chassis structure and working rules. For the research we a using nowadays automated projecting software packet “Solid Works.” Using these packets, we can create product much quicker, same components we can use few times and we do not need to redraw them. In the chassis projecting we have used lighter and smaller elements to reduce weight of chassis. Projected lever from tube profile is 3 times lighter. Projected end corpus, is lighter and smaller measurements comparing to originals. After analyzes of chassis body using method if terminative elements, we designate, that body is strong enough and tight.

Suspension bridges possess a number of advantages, allowing overlapping average and large spans. The basic disadvantage of suspension bridges can be considered their increased deformability, particularly under the action of non-symmetrical and local loads. Deformability depends, in general, on the kinematical character of displacements of a flexible suspension cable. Required rigidity of suspension bridges is achieved, by increasing the height, and consequently the weight of a stiffening girder, by diagonal suspenders or two-cable or combined prestressed systems. Reduction of kinematical displacements of the main cable can also be achieved by a reduction of the sag-to-span ratio, but the smaller the sag of a cable, the greater are the cable thrust forces and the required cross-sectional areas of the cables. One of the ways of suspension systems stabilization is giving certain bending stiffness to the suspension cables. Such structural solution with success is used in suspension roofs. With the aim to increase the stability of suspension bridges the author proposes to use the finite bending stiffness cables. The cables can be made of standard steel profiles or have composite sections. Conventionally, they are called as “rigid cables”. To verify this solution, the investigation on behavior of suspension bridges with rigid cables under loading has to be undertaken.

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjami finansinių išteklių ir akcizų mokėjimo laikino atidėjimo režimo ypatumų teoriniai aspektai ir atliekama UAB „Grivzas“ 2007 – 2010 m. finansinių išteklių panaudojimo taikant akcizų mokėjimo laikino atidėjimo režimą analizė ir vertinimas. Nagrinėjama, kokiais finansiniais ištekliais UAB „Grivzas“ disponuoja, kaip juos panaudoja. Kokias UAB „Grivzas“ veiklos galimybes suteikia akcizų mokėjimo laikino atidėjimo režimas. Darbe naudojami finansinių išteklių įvertinimo rodikliai ir Lietuvos Banko skelbiamos tarpbankinės palūkanų normos. Kad įvertinti, akcizų mokėjimo laikino atidėjimo režimą, buvo pasitelktos patvirtintos ir hipotetinės UAB „Grivzas“ metinės atskaitomybės ataskaitos. Nagrinėjami du įmonės veiklos scenarijai: vienas, kai UAB „Grivzas“ taiko akcizų mokėjimo laikino atidėjimo režimą ir antras, kai UAB „Grivzas“ netaiko akcizų mokėjimo laikino atidėjimo režimo ir apyvartinėms lėšoms pasiima trumpalaikę paskolą iš banko, akcizo mokesčiui sumokėti. Įvertinus UAB „Grivzas“ kapitalo struktūrą, kurios didžioji dalis – skolintas kapitalas ir įvertinus pinigines lėšas, kurių įmonė turi labai mažai, ir kurios yra „ užšaldytos“ pirkėjų įsiskolinimuose, vertinami apyvartumo rodikliai, kur atsargos UAB „Grivzas“ yra atnaujinamos vidutiniškai kas 6 dienos, o pirkėjai su įmone atsiskaito vidutiniškai kas 27 dienos. Apskaičiavus apyvartumo rodiklius, buvo nuspręsta imti paskolą apyvartinėms lėšoms akcizo mokesčio sumos dydžio (nes netaikant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The final Bachelor‘s paper deals with theoretical aspects of financial sources and peculiarities of provisional deferment regime of excise duty payment, as well as the analysis and assessment of application of financial sources when implementing provisional deferment regime of excise duty payment. The study in order to find out what financial recourses are being disposable and how they are used by UAB „Grivzas“ was carried out as well as the possibilities to be gained by UAB „Grivzas“ thanks to provisional deferment regime of excise duty payment. Indices of assessment of financial sources have been used in the paper and a well as the interbank interest rate published by Bank of Lithuania. In order to evaluate the provisional deferment regime of excise duty payment annual financial statements of UAB „Grivzas“ approved and hypothetical have been used. Two scenarios of company‘s business operations have been considered: one - when UAB „Grivzas“ does employ provisional deferment regime of excise duty payment and the second- when when UAB „Grivzas“ does not employ provisional deferment regime of excise duty payment and for the current turnover takes a short-term loan from the bank for payment of the excise duty. Having analysed the capital structure of UAB „Grivzas“ the major part of which – borrowed capital and having assessed the little amount of assets the company has at its disposal and that is „frozen“ in buyers‘ debts, indices of turnover have been assessed where the... [to full text]

This qualitative research study aims to document the lived experiences of several primary-aged Māori students, and the impact on their caregivers, when these students have been stood down, suspended or excluded from their school. In order to contextualise the students’ narratives, data from primary school site personnel, the principals and Board of Trustees chairperson of the students’ schools were gathered. The research also involved interviews with Ministry of Education and Group Special Education personnel, to gain an understanding of the Ministry’s perspective on how it meets the differing needs of students, caregivers and schools. An analysis of the two schools’ policy and procedures, and relevant documents, with regard to stand-down, suspension and exclusion of primary-aged students was also undertaken. Qualitative research methodologies enabled me to explore the lived experiences of these young people excluded from primary school, from the subjects’ own frame of reference. Data were collected using participant observations, document analysis, and in-depth semi-structured interviews. Kaumātua support for both the researcher, and the whānau involved, was sought with the aim of ensuring that the research proceeded in culturally appropriate and safe ways. The research aimed to keep the students’ stories central to the discussions. One of the key themes that emerged from the students’ narratives was the impact of being repeatedly framed by focusing solely on their behaviour. The impact of institutionalised racism evident within these educational life histories highlights the children’s struggle to persevere and survive in what they describe as hostile, racist, uncaring school environments. A key issue as outlined by the caregivers in this study has been the lack of understanding and support from or genuine partnership with their children’s education providers. The caregivers spoke of the effect that the disciplinary exclusion had on their relationship with their child and on their lives. Eventually the caregivers too become angry about, disengaged from and disillusioned with an education system that allows young people to be removed from schools, based solely on their behaviour. The themes that emerged from discussions with schools centred on lack of support and follow-up from government agencies. School personnel were critical of the length of time it took to access support packages from the Ministry of Education. They discussed the impact of Tomorrow’s Schools, particularly the current legislation on stand-downs, suspensions and exclusions. School personnel suggest their ability to manage high needs students is further complicated by the existence of kiwi suspensions and geographical school zones. This thesis stresses that it is critical for the students’ voices to remain central to discussions concerning their own education, so their creative ideas for possible solutions can help to create pathways forward.

Six earthquake acceleration time histories were used to evaluate the groundmotion response of two sites, VSAP and VSAS, near the New Madrid Seismic Zone. These earthquakes ranged in magnitude from Mw 3.6 to Mw 5.2 and were located 46 to 173 km away from the recording instruments. These two sites are underlain by thick sequences (100 and 590 m) of unlithified soil that have been shown to greatly influence earthquake ground motions. Near-surface soil dynamic properties were characterized at the two sites using seismic SH-wave refraction, P-S suspension logging, borehole electrical logs, and geotechnical logging methods. The soil properties were developed into a soil model for each site and the soil models were used to compare theoretical ground-motion models to the actual strong-motion time histories. An 1-D ground-motion simulation program (EERA) was used to complete the theoretical ground-motion analysis. The results of the model indicated that the soils underlying VSAP generated amplification factors of 0.9 to 2.9 at about 6 and 9 Hz. Soils underlying VSAS generated amplification factors of 1.8 to 4.2 at about 5 Hz. These values correlated well with the observations at the two sites.

This thesis is a continuation of last year's work and it builds on earlier construction of a rover that will deploy an interferometer on the far side of the moon. The project is done in collaboration with (JPL) Jet Propulsion Laboratoryin Pasadena, California. Given the size of the mission, accuracy and time limit project has been split into several smaller projects. The areas that are the focus of this project are the suspension and the transition system. The transition system that is originated from the stage when the rover transforms from the transit mode to ready mode, and the suspension system, are in this thesis work presented by detailed conceptual design. The next step, not mentioned this thesis work, will be to perform aprimary structure design on the details. The project owner’s ultimate goal is to create a better understanding about the origins of the universe and its continual changing. This would give scientists an opportunity to study some of the most fundamental questions that are still are waiting for answers. Together with a group of energy engineers, Gustav Andersson and Emil Ericsson, we were caught by the very attractive project assignment, well aware that not many people get the chance or the opportunity to be involved or work with projects like this.

This thesis presents the development of an in-wheel drive system consisting of an axial-flux switched-reluctance motor and a hub suspension. The motor is designed using Maxwell's stress tensor and numerical analysis techniques, including FEA and transient numerical simulations. A new integral inductance function is introduced that improves the accuracy of the motor model, and a new in-phase current-shaping technique is implemented using a fuzzy controller to extend the constant-power region of the motor. The hub suspension system is simulated using a half-car model with 6 degrees of freedom, and the overall torque, power, and efficiency of the drive system is calculated. A peak torque of 500[Nm] is developed at the high end of the drive system's speed range, and the hub suspension system is shown to eliminate the impact of the motor's increased unsprung mass on vehicle handling.

Bentonite is a smectite type clay mineral and swells in water. In this thesis, the effect of acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone, n-hexane on the properties of bentonite was determined by thermal analysis and water absorption tests. The tests indicated no significant change with treating bentonite with organic liquids. Because of the swelling property, only small amount of bentonite can be suspended in water. This may limit certain applications of bentonite. In this thesis, feasibility of suspending large quantities of bentonite in a non-aqueous media was studied. The concentrations for a pumpable high solid bentonite slurry were determined. As aqueous slurry showed pumpable properties up to 30-35 pounds/barrel, this concentration was as high as 125-150 pounds/barrel for acetone, 175-200 pounds/barrel for methyl-ethyl ketone and 325-350 pounds/barrel for n-hexane. Bentonite deposite has a complicated composition, containing free silica minerals, such as quartz, cristobalite, and opal / silicate minerals, such as feldspar, mica, and zeolite / carbonates or sulfates of alkaline earth metals, such as calcite, dolomite, and gypsum / and, in addition, iron compounds and humus. As mined it is primarily broken and dried and then pulverized by means of an attrition grinding machine. In this study dispersion of raw bentonite by high shear blending and shaking forces in the presence of acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone and n-hexane and eliminating the non-clay impurities by screening were studied. Many attempts have been made to provide a bentonite composition retaining the full swelling properties of the bentonite by the addition of non-aqueous liquids for obtaining a flexible waterproofing sheet. In this research the possible method for deposition of bentonite in a sponge by saturating the sponge with bentonite using organic liquids was investigated.

Zugl.: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2008.