There are many factors associated with an urban environment that enrich or  diminish the experience of the environment. These factors have a significant influence on how  an urban morphology is appraised within the social, economical, and environmental  framework. One of such factors is the urban transport system that represents the mobility of  the people and accessibility to public services. This thesis is an assessment of a current  transport system in Kathmandu city centre in comparison to Kathmandu Sustainable Urban  Transport Project (KSUTP) promoted by Ministry of Physical Planning and Works in  cooperation from Asian Development Bank (ADB). The study aims to find the optimal  strategic alternative between the current system and KSUTP. The focus area is the historic  city centre, because of its cultural, historical, architectural, and aesthetical significance.    Two methods are used for two different purposes; first to measure people’s appraisal and  second, to evaluate action alternatives. Measurement of Experience in Environment from  Results of Core affect Investigation (MEERCI) is used to measure people’s appraisal and  experience of the urban characters of Kathmandu city centre. The results from this survey will  provide a background on people’s assessment of the city environs, and collected data from  field work will be used in Generic Multi-Attribute Analysis (GMAA) model to determine the  best strategic plan for developing sustainable urban transport system for Kathmandu city  centre. The hard facts and figures are collected from authorities, ministries, and previous  researches, which is then entered into the model to evaluate the optimal alternative.     It is concluded that improvements in the current transport system in Kathmandu city centre,  with the implementation of KSUTP, will result in better environment for the local population,  local economy, public services, and transport facilities. In short, the quality of life will be  enhanced with an upgrade in the urban transport system.

The purpose of this study was to investigate young people’s environmental attitudes in India. The study had a special focus on the factor of exposure to nature and nature degradation in environmental attitudes formation. Attitudes are of a great importance in education. The investigation was conducted using a qualitative method based on observations and in depth interviews. The subjects were selected from a village in northern India and from Delhi, which is the capital of India. The subjects from the village area were exposed to nature and nature degradation in their daily lives and were expected to have biocentric or eco-centric environmental attitudes (to view humans as part of nature). In addition, Indian traditions and religions were expected to be more preserved in this area compared to Delhi. Hinduism, which is the dominant religion in India, is considered biocentric. In contrast, the subjects from Delhi were not exposed to nature and nature degradation daily and were expected to have anthropocentric or late anthropocentric environmental attitudes (to view humans as separated from nature). Also, these subjects were greatly influenced by industrialization and western influences. Western religions and cultures are considered anthropocentric. The results indicated a difference in environmental attitudes between the subjects in the village area who were exposed to nature and nature degradation and the subjects in Delhi, who were not. The subjects in the village area tended to have a biocentric or eco-centric view on nature and the subjects from Delhi tended to have a late anthropocentric view. This thesis argues for a biocentric view in environmental education and suggests establishing a positive relationship to nature as a part of environmental education, mainly through outdoor environmental education.

The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it is a feasibility study intended to contribute tofurther research on the municipal authority to mitigate green house gas emissions. This will bedone by studying the municipal authority on green house gas mitigation measures in threeSwedish municipalities. To fulfil the purpose the following questions are set to be answered.What is the municipal authority over green house gas mitigation measures in these threemunicipalities?- What is the formal ability of municipalities in Sweden to act on GHG mitigation?- What measures do these three municipalities use to mitigate GHG emissions?- How do the municipalities consider their climate authority?The study focused on measures within three sectors; traffic and transport; energy, andinformation and out-reaches. Transport and energy make up the main sources of GHGemissions in the municipalities, and information was a common measure.4 categories of authority were developed; Legal authority, Economic authority, Climatecompetence and Collaborations, this to get a picture of what influenced climate authority. Theidea for this came from previous research that involved aspects similar to the categories. Theresult showed that municipal climate authority is quite relative, the categories are relevant, butpolitical will and ambitions on tackling climate change are decisive. In the transport sector themunicipal authority was restricted due to the authority of other actors. The authority in theenergy sector was limited because national legislation had precedence.The municipal climate authority is considered strong within its own organisation, themunicipal role as wide and involving many responsibilities. The role was described as widerthan the municipal authority. Most of the climate measures are directed towards themunicipality’s own organisation, the premises of the municipality and the services it provides.Outside the municipal organisation and services, but within its geographic unit, in the specificmeasures developed in this study, the climate authority was weaker and mainly exercisedthrough collaborations. The municipalities are not using their climate authority in full. Byimplementing measures like climate considerations in public procurement, their authoritycould be improved.

The purpose of this thesis is to test a combination of tools and theory to identify corporate sustainable development as part of organizational performance. Nowadays, in global business, the concept and application of sustainable development has become an important factor in the daily operations and strategies for the companies. The policies and practices of the companies are more aware of environmental, social and financial aspects. The publication of sustainability and environmental reports is becoming more popular within business. The media and stakeholders as customers, investors or government offices are more interested in the company’s position towards social and environmental issues. Therefore, the above purpose could be a potential asset for businesses and researchers to relate corporate sustainable development with organizational performance. We will not try to generalize, but test the usability of the theory combined in one model, which can be an asset to test corporate sustainability within a company’s organizational performance. This research will have a deductive approach, and could possibly encourage inductive research for further study. The theoretical framework consists of three sections including two theories, which uniquely identify corporate sustainable development (CSD) and organizational performance (OP). Finally, a combination of these two theories is shown as a practical model that we will try to test in a case. Our thesis will have a qualitative approach. Interviews are the main data collection tool as secondary data (company documents etc.). Secondary data is used as a supporting collection method. The personal interviews, conducted through video conferencing, have been recorded and transcribed for usage in the empirical method. The interview guide can be found in the appendix. The outcome of this research shows that many aspects are entangled within the phenomenon known as “corporate sustainable development”. We have found that economic prosperity has a strong presence (in both cases) within the environmental performance, just as social equity showed within learning and development performance, and social equity has a strong link with social performance. Looking at the case companies, and determining the focus on every dimension, we therefore found measurable relations between OP variables and CSD dimensions. We can also conclude that, when performing the second case analysis (Sveaskog), the results of the measures found were not always similar which asks for more case studies. An overall conclusion on the usability of the measurement tool leans towards positive, for practical usage. However, before using this combination of tools, more research is necessary, especially in the area of multiple case studies. Due to time restrictions, we could compare two case companies, whilst more cases could enhance the general application and usability of these tools.

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Taiwan became the 144th member of the WTO on Jan. 1, 2002 and as a result, the customs on agricultural products were reduced year by year, the agricultural market was open to the world and subsidies to local farmers were cancelled. A wild development in Taiwanese agriculture was anticipated. The study aims to understand the relation between rural villages and agriculture in the development process as well as the current transformation problems by analyzing data and a case study. It tries to determine the orientation and direction of the agricultural policy in the related development process. The target and strategy of the agricultural policy in various developing stages were compared and it is hoped that the available proposals for the trend in free trade will be used as a references for companies and governmental authorities. The present agricultural problems are classified into three factors: agriculture, rural villages, and farmers. Its influence on land, labor, capital, and management are implicative of each other. The population in rural villages has dropped largely due to migration and farmers¡¦ incomes are low and many are aging. Rural and urban development in regions cannot be balanced. A breakthrough in development has to be made. However, agricultural specialties have to be planned based on the regional features; products that possess high economic value have to be promoted; farm management techniques must move from functional to strategic. Products can be made based on the needs of consumers. Agricultural management has to be professionalized. Supply and demand can be adjusted by market access mechanisms. Sustainability management can help achieve long term profits. Managing efficiency and product image are both key to successful marketing. By analyzing the success of kiwis imported from New Zealand, we know that the agriculture problem in Taiwan is not due to production technique but marketing. A national managing organization was established by the government of New Zealand for promoting their agricultural products to the world. It integrates the industry and culture and lifts product quality to a refined level. The marketing not only emphasizes brand, but also research and development of new products as well as its accessory products so that more business opportunities can be made. Increased innovative value-added products are linked with the international competitiveness of Taiwanese agricultural products. The crises can only be a transition and it is the time that we should bring agriculture management into a new age.

As the climate change and global warming getting worse, the sustainable development has become the most important issue around the world. There are multiple and interrelated aspects of the sustainable development, including society, economy, and environment. The development of Kaohsiung¡¦s economy was based on heavy industry. However, the high economic growth has severely degraded the environment, such as the environmental capacities have been over the limits due to human pollution. Fortunately, Kaohsiung city government has strived hard to make progress toward sustainable development. For example, the environmental quality has been improved by conducting river renovations and air pollution monitoring. In order to achieve the goal of sustainability in Kaohsiung, the current study has developed the goal programming model which is based on the performances of some key indicators. Such indicator set was carefully selected by referring many domestic and foreign literatures. Meanwhile, the unique natural environment and society of Kaohsiung and statistic data were also considered when selecting the indicator set. Once the indicator set was ready, the regression analysis has been conducted to describe the future trends of each aspect in relation to the indicators. Finally the goal programming model was formulated and the scenario analyses were performed to explore the outcomes under various policies. The results echo the spirit of sustainable development, that is, the administrative policies have to take into account of all aspects, such that the sustainability is achievable.

Recently ¡§Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)¡¨ has become one of the corporate competitiveness that international society took. How to combine Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) with the maximization of profit and how to combine Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) with operation strategies are an important topic that every enterprise in various countries concerned. This research is a qualitative study undertaken by means of case study and questionnaire/interview. Findings are as follows: Real Estate Brokerage in Taiwan has some cognition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), but still has a big space to improve on carrying out Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Real Estate Brokerage is a trust industry which has great deal with people¡¦s property and investment involving a great amount of money, so Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become Real Estate Brokerage¡¦s important factors of sustainable development. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) should integrate into the enterprise¡¦s related domain to reach the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the enterprise profit maximization both. Employees of company continue to carry out Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) together and integrate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into company to create core competence. Only to do this, enterprises could reach the goal of sustainable development and be prosperous with society.

The re-building and redevelopment of major port and harbours in the world have been a great challenge and opportunities to coastal and harbour cities. The old scheme design of harbour port areas are losing its esteem and fading away because of the raising industrialization, changes, production and business structure. These have made many major harbours to adapt a brand new reform on the use of port areas. The unused piers should be re-planned through a good reform on the port space. The development strategy and policy including the decision making and implementation must be undergoing a restrict plan, design and assessment. These consists of the components such as sustainable development, ecological factors, vision of science, product related industries and the competitiveness of port city. These are becoming seriously components to the port city for its success in the reform of harbours re-planning. The present study was initiated to research the modern port harbours in vary countries of their reform strategy for a better re-building or redevelopment scheme and strategy on harbour city . This aims to assist in finding a comprehensive suitable and applicable model on the future Kaohsiung port city. The present work collects data information consisting of San Francisco of USA, Hamburg of Germany, Victoria Harbour of Hang Kong, Nagoya of Japan, and Singapore. A comparative study and analysis was also made between Kaohsiung Harbour and the aforementioned international port cities. It is intended to accomplish a comprehensive planning, strategy and recommendation for Kaohsiung port city.