The syntheses and catalytic properties of four new 1,2-acenaphthenyl N-heterocyclic carbene-supported palladium(II) catalysts are presented. The acenaphthenyl carbene can be prepared using either mesityl or 2,6-diisopropyl N-aryl substituents. In addition, two new heterogeneous analogs were synthesized with 2,6-diisopropyl N-aryl substituents that were anchored through the backbone to an insoluble silica-support. Comprehensive catalytic studies of the Suzuki coupling of aryl halides with aryl boronic acids were carried out. In general, the homogeneous diisopropyl-functionalized catalyst was found to exhibit superior selectivity and reactivity. A comparison of the performances of the aforementioned catalysts in toluene, dichloromethane and aqueous solutions are also presented. In organic solvents, the catalysts were found to be proficient for the homogeneous Suzuki coupling of aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides with boronic acids at low temperatures (35‒40 °C). Similar reactions that were carried out in aqueous media resulted in the formation of insoluble colloidal catalytic species. Nevertheless, these species still retained high activities in terms of in the Suzuki reaction with aryl chlorides. Moreover, the heterogeneous Pd precipitates can be easily recovered for subsequent use by means of filtration. The activation energies that were determined for the aryl bromide-based Suzuki reactions were found to fall in the range, 159.2‒171.2 kJ mol⁻¹ in organic solvents and 111.3‒115.9 kJ mol⁻¹ in water. The corresponding activation energy for the aryl chloride was found to be 321.8 kJ mol⁻¹ in aqueous media using the homogeneous diisopropyl-functionalized carbene catalyst. Conversely, the heterogeneous catalyst exhibited reactivity toward aryl iodides and bromides exclusively, and required significantly higher temperatures and catalyst loadings in both toluene and water. Additional experimental trials that were performed in tetrahydrofuran solution at lower temperatures resulted in substantially larger catalytic conversions. The heterogeneous catalyst allowed for easy separation and recovery. However, the catalyst exhibited a significant decrease in reactivity toward the aryl halides after two consecutive trials. / text

Thesis advisor: Jeffery A. Byers / This dissertation discusses the development of iron-based catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and some of the unique reactivity that was discovered as a direct result of these studies. Chapter one will review the area of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling with an emphasis placed on areas where iron provides complimentary reactivity to other metals. Chapter two will detail the initial discovery of conditions that allow for iron-catalysts to participate in the cross-coupling of aryl boronic esters and alkyl halides. Chapter three will discuss the the development of ligands for iron that allow for more general cross-coupling reactivity to be observed. Finally, chapter four will discuss the unique C-H funtionalization reactivty that has been observed as byproducts in chapters two and three. Digging deeper into this reactivty lead to the discovery of a completely novel three-component coupling reaction mediated by the iron complexes discovered in chapter three. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Chemistry.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Due to the negative impact on the environment and the associated biological risks on human and animal life, the need for eco-friendly synthetic protocols is critical. With the rapid advancement in nanotechnology, this extends to the synthesis of nanomaterials. Eco-friendly nanoparticle synthesis protocols have led to the use of fungi, plants and other biological substances, due to their remarkable ability in reducing metal ions. This led to the formation of very efficient hybrid catalysts, which are partially organic/inorganic composites. Palladium nanoparticles have drawn much interest due to its potential in catalytic applications and in photovoltaic cell development. In this study, the brown marine algae, Ecklonia radiata, was employed as a putative palladium nanoparticle bioreactor. Aqueous extracts of the algae were used as a supporting matrix for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticle (AE-PdNPs) catalysts according to the principles of green chemistry. The catalysts were then assessed for their capability in various carbon-carbon coupling reactions such as Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, and Heck coupling reactions. Selectivity studies were also performed. The PdNPs were compared to “model” polyvinylpyrrolidone palladium nanoparticles (PVP-PdNPs), synthesized according to literature methods. A variety of spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the nanoparticles and the organic reaction products, including HRTEM, EDX, NMR, FTIR, DLS, TGA, UV-Vis, ICP-AES, GC-MS and XRD spectroscopy. qNMR was used to determine the product % yields. The aqueous extracts were characterised using NMR and a variety of assays, including total antioxidant potential, total reducing power and radical scavenging ability) to assess its ability to reduce the Pd metal salt. 2D NMR revealed polysaccharides and polyphenols to be the major and minor components, respectively, present in the extract. HRTEM images revealed the average size of the AE-PdNPs and PVP-PdNPs to be 12 nm and 8 nm, respectively. The images also showed the shapes of the NPs to be cubic for the AE-PdNPs and cubic or triangular for the PVP-PdNPs. SAED and XRD spectroscopy revealed the face-centred cubic phase and polycrystalline nature of the AE-PdNPs. No reliable data, other than the HRTEM images was obtained for the PVP-PdNPs. Zeta potential and DLS measurements confirmed the negative charge present on the surface of the nanoparticles, while the hydrodynamic radii were found to be 65 nm and 99 nm for the AE- and PVP-PdNPs, respectively, substantiating the presence of the capping agents. ICP-AES analysis revealed the Pd content of the NPs to be 48.8 and 28.9 ppm for the AE- and PVP-PdNPs. Following characterization, the PdNPs were assessed as potential catalysts in the Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck and Sonogashira carbon-carbon coupling reactions. Bromo and iodo substrates were employed, together with sterically hindered substrates, with a nitro moiety in the ortho or para positions. For the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions, both sets of PdNPs revealed slightly higher yields for the products synthesized using the bromo substrate (>90%), while low yields (40 – 55% yields) were obtained for the ortho substituted substrate in comparison to the para substrate (>90% yields). The Heck coupling reactions with butyl acrylate and 4-iodoacetphenone were successful (~70% yields), while reactions with 4-bromoacetophenone failed. However, the Sonogashira couplings did not proceed at all. With the series of reactions NPs showed some selectivity, with the AE-PdNPs consistently producing higher yields for the products obtained. This may be due to overall nature of the NPs, or due to the higher platinum loading content for the AE-PdNPs.

Esta tese descreve, em dois diferentes capítulos, a síntese assimétrica da Malevamida D e a aplicação de compostos organotelúrio em reações de Suzuki-Miyaura. O primeiro capítulo refere-se ao estudo da síntese assimétrica da Malevamida D, um depsipeptídeo natural pertencente à família das dolastatinas, compostos estes com grande atividade citotóxica. As unidades DAP e MMMAH foram alcançadas em ótimos redimentos e estereosseletividades, utilizando-se reações de adição de crotil ou aliltrifluoroborato de potássio à aldeídos derivados da L-prolina e L-isoleucina, respectivamente. A elongação da cadeia da malevamida D se fez a partir de reações de esterificação e amidação; infelizmente não foi possível completar a síntese devido a problemas na última reação de acoplamento peptídico. O segundo capítulo descreve as reações entre teluretos aromáticos ou vinílicos e sais de organotrifluoroborato de potássio, mediadas por um catalisador de paládio. A partir destas reações de acoplamento cruzado tipo Suzuki-Miyaura foi possível obter-se 1,3-eninos, sistemas biarílicos, (E)- ou (Z)-estilbenos e 1,3-dienos. Todas as reações mostraram serem tolerantes a uma grande variedade de grupos funcionais e altamente estereoconservativas, nos casos envolvendo substratos vinílicos. / This thesis describes, in two different chapters, the asymmetric synthesis of malevamide D and the application of organotellurium compounds in Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. The first chapter refers to the asymmetric synthesis of malevamide D, a natural depsipeptide which belongs to the dolastatins family, and these compounds have a great interest due to theirs citotoxic activities. The DAP and MMMAH units were reached in excellent yields and stereoselectivities from 1,2-addition reaction of potassium crotyl or allyltrifluoroborate to aldehydes derivate from L-proline and L-isoleucine, respectively. The malevamide D elongation was made from reaction of esterification and amidation, unfortunately it was not possible finish the synthesis due to some problems in the last step of the total synthesis. The second chapter describes the reaction between aryl or vinyl tellurides and potassium organotrifluoroborate salts, mediated by a palladium catalyst. From this cross-coupling reaction type Suzuki-Miyaura was possible obtain 1,3-dienes, biarylic systems, (E)- or (Z)-stylbenes and 1,3-dienes. Al reactions showed to be tolerant to a wide range of functional groups and highly stereoconservative, in the cases involving vinylic substrates.

A malária é uma das principais causas de morte em muitos países de clima tropical, matando mais de 438 mil pessoas anualmente em todo o mundo. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi sintetizar compostos fluorescentes 2,5- diarilfuranos através da reação de acoplamento cruzado tipo Suzuki-Miyaura e acoplar ao fármaco Primaquina para utilizá-los laboratorialmente como biomarcadores específicos, carreadores de substâncias, parasiticidas, além do desenvolvimento de novo método diagnóstico. Através deste tipo de reação, foram sintetizados 3 compostos fluorescentes: a sonda 3-AFA, 3-AFA ala e a 4-AFAPQ. Inicialmente foram utilizadas células primárias, células da linhagem RAW 264.7 e células eritrocíticas, estas provenientes de camundongos Balb/c inoculados pela via intraperitoneal com 106 EI/mL de P. berghei ANKA GFP. Os compostos fluorescentes sintetizados 3-AFA e 3-AFA ala foram incubados com as células acima citadas e verificou-se a capacidade de as sondas penetrarem e marcarem células sadias e/ou infectadas. A aquisição dos resultados foi realizada por meio de citometria de fluxo e microscopia confocal. A partir daí, utilizou-se também sangue humano proveniente de doação que foi infectado com P. falciparum 3D7. A análise dos resultados realizada com microscopia de fluorescência e testes de EC50 com estes eritrócitos, além de células HepG2. As sondas 3-AFA e 4-AFAPQ foram incubadas com estas células para avaliar a ação parasiticida, bem como a citotoxicidade destes compostos. Nossos resultados mostraram que as sondas 3-AFA e 3-AFA ala não foram capazes de penetrar os macrófagos. Entretanto, foram capazes de atravessar a membrana dos eritrócitos infectados marcando o parasita. Quando os compostos 3- AFA e a 4-AFAPQ foram inseridos em eritrócitos humanos infectados pelo P. falciparum 3D7, foi possível observar que ambos marcaram o parasita em suas 3 fases. Mas resultados de EC50 mostraram que os compostos não possuem efeito parasiticida. E podemos concluir que estes compostos não são citotóxicos ás células possuindo então, um potencial em serem estudados mais a fundo, com algumas modificações em suas estruturas para melhorar assim, sua eficiência quanto a seletividade. Diante destes compostos potencialmente fluorescentes, foi possível também desenvolver um novo método de diagnóstico rápido simples e barato que pode possibilitar o alcance em locais aonde os métodos convencionais de microscopia não chegam. / Malaria is a major cause of death in many tropical countries, killing over 438 thousand people annually worldwide. Thus, the objective of this study was to synthesize fluorescent compounds 2,5-diarylfuranes through cross-coupling reaction like Suzuki-Miyaura and engage the drug Primaquine to use them as laboratory specific biomarkers, carriers of substances, parasiticide, and the development new diagnostic method. Through this type of reaction, three fluorescent compounds were synthesized: probe 3-AFA, 3-AFA ala and 4-AFAPQ. Initially were used primary cells, strain RAW 264.7 cells line and erythrocytic cells, those derived from Balb/c mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 106 IE/mL of P. berghei ANKA GFP. The synthesized fluorescent compounds 3-AFA and 3-AFA ala were incubated with the above said cells and found the ability of penetrating probes and mark healthy cells and/or infected. The acquisition of the results was performed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. From there, it was also used human blood from that donation was infected with P. falciparum 3D7. The analysis performed with fluorescence microscopy and EC50 these tests with erythrocytes, and HepG2 cells. The probes 3-AFA and 4-AFAPQ were incubated with these cells to evaluate the parasiticidal activity and cytotoxicity of these compounds. Our results showed that the probes 3-AFA and 3-AFA ala were not able to penetrate macrophages. However, they were able to pass the membrane of the parasite infected erythrocytes marking. When the fluorescents probes 3-AFA and 4- AFAPQ (coupled Primaquine) were inserted into human erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum 3D7, it was observed that both marked the parasite in her 3 phases. But EC50 results showed that the compounds do not have parasiticidal effect. And we can conclude that these compounds are not cytotoxic to the cells having then a potential be studied further, with some modifications in their structures to improve thus efficiency and selectivity. Given these potentially fluorescent compounds, it was possible to develop a new method of simple and inexpensive rapid diagnosis that can enable the range in places where conventional methods of microscopy not arrive.

Esta tese descreve, em dois diferentes capítulos, a síntese assimétrica da Malevamida D e a aplicação de compostos organotelúrio em reações de Suzuki-Miyaura. O primeiro capítulo refere-se ao estudo da síntese assimétrica da Malevamida D, um depsipeptídeo natural pertencente à família das dolastatinas, compostos estes com grande atividade citotóxica. As unidades DAP e MMMAH foram alcançadas em ótimos redimentos e estereosseletividades, utilizando-se reações de adição de crotil ou aliltrifluoroborato de potássio à aldeídos derivados da L-prolina e L-isoleucina, respectivamente. A elongação da cadeia da malevamida D se fez a partir de reações de esterificação e amidação; infelizmente não foi possível completar a síntese devido a problemas na última reação de acoplamento peptídico. O segundo capítulo descreve as reações entre teluretos aromáticos ou vinílicos e sais de organotrifluoroborato de potássio, mediadas por um catalisador de paládio. A partir destas reações de acoplamento cruzado tipo Suzuki-Miyaura foi possível obter-se 1,3-eninos, sistemas biarílicos, (E)- ou (Z)-estilbenos e 1,3-dienos. Todas as reações mostraram serem tolerantes a uma grande variedade de grupos funcionais e altamente estereoconservativas, nos casos envolvendo substratos vinílicos. / This thesis describes, in two different chapters, the asymmetric synthesis of malevamide D and the application of organotellurium compounds in Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. The first chapter refers to the asymmetric synthesis of malevamide D, a natural depsipeptide which belongs to the dolastatins family, and these compounds have a great interest due to theirs citotoxic activities. The DAP and MMMAH units were reached in excellent yields and stereoselectivities from 1,2-addition reaction of potassium crotyl or allyltrifluoroborate to aldehydes derivate from L-proline and L-isoleucine, respectively. The malevamide D elongation was made from reaction of esterification and amidation, unfortunately it was not possible finish the synthesis due to some problems in the last step of the total synthesis. The second chapter describes the reaction between aryl or vinyl tellurides and potassium organotrifluoroborate salts, mediated by a palladium catalyst. From this cross-coupling reaction type Suzuki-Miyaura was possible obtain 1,3-dienes, biarylic systems, (E)- or (Z)-stylbenes and 1,3-dienes. Al reactions showed to be tolerant to a wide range of functional groups and highly stereoconservative, in the cases involving vinylic substrates.

A malária é uma das principais causas de morte em muitos países de clima tropical, matando mais de 438 mil pessoas anualmente em todo o mundo. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi sintetizar compostos fluorescentes 2,5- diarilfuranos através da reação de acoplamento cruzado tipo Suzuki-Miyaura e acoplar ao fármaco Primaquina para utilizá-los laboratorialmente como biomarcadores específicos, carreadores de substâncias, parasiticidas, além do desenvolvimento de novo método diagnóstico. Através deste tipo de reação, foram sintetizados 3 compostos fluorescentes: a sonda 3-AFA, 3-AFA ala e a 4-AFAPQ. Inicialmente foram utilizadas células primárias, células da linhagem RAW 264.7 e células eritrocíticas, estas provenientes de camundongos Balb/c inoculados pela via intraperitoneal com 106 EI/mL de P. berghei ANKA GFP. Os compostos fluorescentes sintetizados 3-AFA e 3-AFA ala foram incubados com as células acima citadas e verificou-se a capacidade de as sondas penetrarem e marcarem células sadias e/ou infectadas. A aquisição dos resultados foi realizada por meio de citometria de fluxo e microscopia confocal. A partir daí, utilizou-se também sangue humano proveniente de doação que foi infectado com P. falciparum 3D7. A análise dos resultados realizada com microscopia de fluorescência e testes de EC50 com estes eritrócitos, além de células HepG2. As sondas 3-AFA e 4-AFAPQ foram incubadas com estas células para avaliar a ação parasiticida, bem como a citotoxicidade destes compostos. Nossos resultados mostraram que as sondas 3-AFA e 3-AFA ala não foram capazes de penetrar os macrófagos. Entretanto, foram capazes de atravessar a membrana dos eritrócitos infectados marcando o parasita. Quando os compostos 3- AFA e a 4-AFAPQ foram inseridos em eritrócitos humanos infectados pelo P. falciparum 3D7, foi possível observar que ambos marcaram o parasita em suas 3 fases. Mas resultados de EC50 mostraram que os compostos não possuem efeito parasiticida. E podemos concluir que estes compostos não são citotóxicos ás células possuindo então, um potencial em serem estudados mais a fundo, com algumas modificações em suas estruturas para melhorar assim, sua eficiência quanto a seletividade. Diante destes compostos potencialmente fluorescentes, foi possível também desenvolver um novo método de diagnóstico rápido simples e barato que pode possibilitar o alcance em locais aonde os métodos convencionais de microscopia não chegam. / Malaria is a major cause of death in many tropical countries, killing over 438 thousand people annually worldwide. Thus, the objective of this study was to synthesize fluorescent compounds 2,5-diarylfuranes through cross-coupling reaction like Suzuki-Miyaura and engage the drug Primaquine to use them as laboratory specific biomarkers, carriers of substances, parasiticide, and the development new diagnostic method. Through this type of reaction, three fluorescent compounds were synthesized: probe 3-AFA, 3-AFA ala and 4-AFAPQ. Initially were used primary cells, strain RAW 264.7 cells line and erythrocytic cells, those derived from Balb/c mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 106 IE/mL of P. berghei ANKA GFP. The synthesized fluorescent compounds 3-AFA and 3-AFA ala were incubated with the above said cells and found the ability of penetrating probes and mark healthy cells and/or infected. The acquisition of the results was performed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. From there, it was also used human blood from that donation was infected with P. falciparum 3D7. The analysis performed with fluorescence microscopy and EC50 these tests with erythrocytes, and HepG2 cells. The probes 3-AFA and 4-AFAPQ were incubated with these cells to evaluate the parasiticidal activity and cytotoxicity of these compounds. Our results showed that the probes 3-AFA and 3-AFA ala were not able to penetrate macrophages. However, they were able to pass the membrane of the parasite infected erythrocytes marking. When the fluorescents probes 3-AFA and 4- AFAPQ (coupled Primaquine) were inserted into human erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum 3D7, it was observed that both marked the parasite in her 3 phases. But EC50 results showed that the compounds do not have parasiticidal effect. And we can conclude that these compounds are not cytotoxic to the cells having then a potential be studied further, with some modifications in their structures to improve thus efficiency and selectivity. Given these potentially fluorescent compounds, it was possible to develop a new method of simple and inexpensive rapid diagnosis that can enable the range in places where conventional methods of microscopy not arrive.

Le myricanol est un [7,0]-métacyclophane naturel qui appartient à la famille des diarylheptanoïdes cycliques et qui possède des propriétés structurales et biologiques intéressantes (activité anti-Alzheimer ou anticancéreuse). L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est la préparation ambitieuse en voie racémique puis atropostéréosélective du myricanol, rendue délicate de part la tension de cycle existante. Pour se faire, deux nouvelles approches rétrosynthétiques ont été considérées. Une première route racémique a été envisagée et a permis de préparer le macrocycle par le biais d’une réaction de métathèse croisée suivie d’une réaction de Suzuki-Miyaura domino intramoléculaire avec un rendement de 2.55% en 11 étapes. Une autre voie racémique a également été explorée où la préparation du noyau biarylique du myricanol a été envisagé par une réaction de couplage intermoléculaire métallo-catalysée suivie d’une réaction de métathèse cyclisante. Des intermédiaires avancés ont également été préparés. / The myricanol, a natural [7.0]-meta-cyclophane which belongs to the family of strained and cyclic diarylheptanoids, possess an interesting structure and attractive biologically activities (anti Alzheimer and anti cancer properties). Actually only two synthesis of racemic (+/-)-myricanol have been reported in the literature. The goal of this research was to prepare this strained cyclophane in a racemic and then in an atropostereoselective route taking into account the challenging ring closure. Thus a linear diarylheptanoid was prepared using an efficient cross-metathesis reaction followed by an intramolecular Suzuki-Miyaura domino reaction giving rise to the desired cyclophane with 2.55% overall yield in 11 steps. On the other side, the biaryl core of myricanol was envisaged by an intermolecular metallo-catalysed coupling reaction between already highly functionalized fragments, followed by a ring closure metathesis. Two advanced intermediates were already attempted.

Des membranes polymères catalytiques ont été préparées via la polymérisation photo-amorcée de monomères acryliques à la surface de membranes support MicroPES(r). Des nanoparticules de palladium (PdNP) avec diamètre moyen compris entre 4 et 10 nm sont ensuite synthétisés et immobilisées dans ces gels polymères greffés. Cette thèse se focalise sur le greffage d'un gel de polymère neutre : (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA), pour négliger les contributions ioniques du réseau polymère sur la synthèse in-situ des PdNP. La stabilisation de PdNP dans le gel de PHEA greffé est possible par des moyens stériques étant donné que la distance entre des chaînes de polymère réticules (entre 0.3 à 2.5 nm) est plus petite que le diamètre moyen de PdNP. Une approche à la fois théorique et expérimentale, sur la base des mecanismes de nucléation et de croissance, permet la conception de PdNP de taille spécifique. La performance catalytique des membranes a été évaluée avec une configuration en filtration traversée. Sur la réaction de couplage de Suzuki-Miyaura, des conversions et sélectivités de 100 % ont été obtenues pour des temps de séjour de 10 secondes avec des membranes planes. Les réactions d'hydrogénation de plusieurs composés aromatiques ont également été testées. Des taux de conversion élevés ont été obtenus en quelques secondes avec des membranes planes en filtration avec des solutions saturés d'H2. Des taux de conversion élevés sont obtenus en seulement quelques minutes avec des membranes fibres creuses catalytiques en mode contacteur permettant une importante intensification du procédé. / Catalytic polymeric membranes are prepared via photo-grafting polymerization of neutral acrylic monomers onto the surface of a MicroPES(r) membrane support. Palladium nanoparticles (PdNP) of mean diameter of 4-10 nm are synthetized and immobilized within the grafted polymer gels. The research is focused on grafting a neutral polymer gel: poly (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA), to avoid any ionic contribution of the polymer network on the in-situ synthesis of PdNP. The stabilization of PdNP within the grafted PHEA is achieved by steric means as the distance between polymeric crosslinked chains (ca. 0.3 to 2.5 nm) is smaller than the mean diameter of PdNP. Both theoretical and experimental approaches are presented on the PdNP synthesis as an approach to conceive PdNP of specific sizes using nucleation and growth theories. Catalytic performance of the membranes is evaluated in flow-through configuration. Catalytic tests are performed on Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Full conversion and selectivity within 10 seconds of residence time using flat sheet membrane are obtained. Hydrogenation of several aromatic compounds are also tested and high conversions were achieved within seconds of residence time using flat sheet membranes in flow-through configuration with H2-saturated solutions and within minutes using catalytic hollow fibers in contactor mode.

L'objectif de ce travail consiste en la synthèse de nouveaux 5-nitroimidazoles fonctionnalisés à visée thérapeutique. Dans un premier temps, l'étude de la réactivité du 4-bromo-1,2-diméthyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole vis-à-vis du couplage de Suzuki-Miyaura sous irradiation micro-ondes a permis la synthèse de nouveaux produits substitués en position 4 par différents groupements aryle ou styryle. Dans un second temps, la réactivité LD-SRN1 a été étudiée entre le 4-[4-(chlorométhyl)phényl]-1,2-diméthyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole et différents nucléophiles centrés sur l'atome de carbone ou de soufre. Cette étude a révélé l'importance de la température dans l'activation de la réaction par transfert monoélectronique. De nouveaux dérivés substitués en position 4 par divers groupements sulfonyles ont ensuite été synthétisés, par réactions SN2 et SNAr entre des dérivés 5-nitroimidazolés et différents anions sulfinates. Cette synthèse a été suivie par la mise au point de tests biologiques sur Trichomonas vaginalis. L'activité trichomonacide a été évaluée sur certaines de ces molécules, à l'origine de relations structure-activité montrant l'influence de la position du groupement sulfonyle substituant le noyau 5-nitroimidazole. La dernière partie de ce travail décrit une réaction de O-arylation pallado-catalysée inattendue et originale, d'un dérivé fluoré en série nitro(o-nitrophényl)imidazole impliquant des acides arylboroniques dans les conditions opératoires de la réaction de Suzuki-Miyaura. / The aim of this work consists of the synthesis of new potentially bioactive functionalized 5-nitroimidazoles. Initially, the reactivity study of the 4-bromo-1,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole under microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling conditions gave new derivatives substituted by various aryl or styryl groups in 4-position. In a second step the 4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-1,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole was prepared in order to study LD-SRN1 reactivity with different carbon and sulphur centered nucleophiles. This study pointed the role of the temperature for the electron transfer reactions. Then, new 4-position sulfonyl substituted derivatives were synthesized by SN2 and SNAr reactions between sulfinate anions and three substrates in 5-nitroimidazole series. This synthesis was followed by the development of biological assays on Trichomonas vaginalis. This assay was performed on some of these molecules, which revealed a relation between the structure and the position of the sulfonyl group and the antitrichomonas activity. The last part of this work describes an unexpected and original palladium-catalyzed O-arylation in fluorinated nitro(o-nitrophenyl)imidazole series involving arylboronic acids under Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction conditions.