Detta är en uppsats som analyserar tre nedslag tagna ur svensk designhistoria. Bakgrunden ligger i Sveriges varumärke, nation brand. Materialet utgörs av marknadsföring från Stockholmsutställningen 1930, reklambilder från IKEA under 1980-talet och ompositioneringen av varumärket “Sweden” 2014. Teorin bygger på semiotik och vad nation brand och national reputation är och gör. Metoden utgår från semiotik och analysen görs utefter en semiotisk analysmetod av det bildmaterial som valts ut från dessa tre nedslag i svensk designhistoria. Då detta är en undersökning inom ett fält där personliga tolkningar och bakgrund spelar stor roll i hur materialet analyseras är det svårt att hitta ett definitivt svar på den eventuella forskningsfrågan - resultat blir istället en diskussion om samspelet mellan nation och analysmaterialet, hur nationen påverkat dessa och hur de i sin tur påverkat nationen och dess varumärke.

Museum of Modern Art har varit mycket tongivande för historieskrivningen och definitionen av modernismen, "the international style". Svensk modernisms mest kärnfulla period 1930-1960, representeras av 55 objekt i MoMAs arkitektur och designsamling. De svenska objekten i samlingen visar på en reception av svensk design som mest inflytelserik under 1950-talet. Årtiondet är det mest välrepresenterade, till antalet objekt räknade, men ger också den mest representativa bilden av hur svensk design marknadsfördes i USA. De mest inflytelserika tillfällena för marknadsföringen av svensk design i USA under åren 1930-1960 är enligt konstprofessor Jeff Werner (Medelvägens estetik: Sverigebilder i USA), världsutställningen i Chicago 1933, världsutställningen i New York 1939 och utställningen Design in Scandinavia 1954-1957. Knappt hälften av de representerade formgivarna i MoMAs samling fanns med under marknadsföringen ,vilket kan visa på samband mellan marknadsföringen och samlingens karaktär. / Museum of Modern Art has been very influential for the historiography and definition of modernism, "the international style". Swedish modernisms most vigorous period 1930-1960, is represented by 55 items in MoMA´s Architecture and Design collection. The Swedish objects in the collection show at a reception of Swedish design as most influential during the 1950s. The decade is the most well-represented, in number of objects counted, but also gives the most representative picture of how Swedish design was marketed in the United States. The most influential opportunities for the promotion of Swedish design in the United States during the years 1930-1960 are according to art professor Jeff Werner (Medelvägens estetik: Sverigebilder i USA), the World's Fair in Chicago in 1933, the World's Fair in New York in 1939, and Exhibition Design in Scandinavia 1954-1957. Just under half of the represented designers in the MoMA collection, were included in the marketing, which can show correlations between marketing and the collection's character.

Users can assess the visual appeal of a web page within 50 milliseconds and color is the first thing noticed onscreen. That directly influences user perception of the website, and choosing appealing color combinations is therefore crucial for successful web design. Recent scientific research has identified which individual colors are culturally preferred in web design in different countries but there is no similar research on hue combinations. Currently no effective, scientifically based guidelines on combining hues for web designers exist either, since recent research by Ou et al and Szabo et al, among others, proves the classic color harmonies invalid. Therefore this study aims to identify guidelines for culturally appropriate hue combination in context of web design. The study is limited to culturally appropriate combining of hues in Thai and Swedish web design.

The need of exploring efficient solutions to today’s engineering problems is becoming essential in the current market development. Soil Steel composite bridges (SSCB) are considered well competitive in terms of their feasibility and constructability. The primary objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive comparison study for two known design methods of SSCB, which are the Pettersson-Sundquist design method (developed in Sweden) and the Klöppel & Glock design method (developed in Germany). Moreover, in the goal of having better behaviour understanding for SSCBs, the study also include finite element modelling (FEM) using PLAXIS 2D of three case studies and compare model results with field measurements.   The design comparison deals with the design concepts, assumptions and limitations for both design methods, where full design procedures are implemented and compared for a defined case study.   The results of the FEM analysis show rational outcome to the field measurements for structural response during backfilling and close results for ordinary loading as well. While the design comparison shows how the different approach in both design methods in limitations and design assumptions has important impact on the results, where soil failure in the Klöppel & Glock design method can be controlling the design for low heights of cover, whereas formation of crown plastic hinge is more controlling in the Pettersson-Sundquist design method. However, and in general, the Pettersson-Sundquist design method require more steel in low heights of cover while it is less demanding for higher soil covers compared to the Klöppel & Glock design method.

Although the construction of flexible culverts involves simplicity in comparison to similar concrete structures, the complexity of the beneficial interaction between soil and steel materials requires good understanding for their composite action and performance. Current design methods have certain validity limitations with regard to applicable slopes above the structures. Given the short construction time of flexible culverts, there is an urge to explore the feasibility and the constructability of such as cost-effective structures in sloping terrain, where they may function as an avalanche protection structure for a given road, a culvert under a ski slope, or even as a protection canopy for tunnel entrances. This report compiles the efforts carried out toward gaining knowledge about the different factors that may affect the behaviour of flexible culverts in sloping environment. The report includes an extended summary of the investigation, which is mainly presented in two appended papers. The study involved numerical simulation of three case studies to investigate their performances with regard to soil loading and avalanche loads as well. The height of cover, surface slope intensity, slope stability, soil support conditions, and avalanche proximity, were studied and discussed. The study results allowed realizing the susceptibility of flexible culverts to low heights of soil cover when built in sloping terrain, which is reflected in the deformation response and the incremental change in sectional forces, especially the bending moments. It is also found that increasing the depth of soil cover may feasibly improve the structural performance under asymmetrical soil loading and avalanche loads, where it subsequently help in reducing the bending moments in the wall conduit. The presence of a flexible culvert may affect adversely the soil stability in sloping terrain and thus need to be addressed in design. Furthermore, the flexural response of a flexible culvert is directly influenced by the soil support configuration at the downhill side of the structure. In addition, the report also attempts to highlight some general guidelines about the design aspects of flexible culverts in sloping terrain, and seeks to reflect some of the findings on the design methodology for flexible culverts used in Sweden. / <p>QC 20151130</p>