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Green Bond Influence on Cumulative Abnormal Return in The Swedish Stock Market : A Study of Publicly Listed Swedish Construction and RealEstate CompaniesLiepins, Emils, Abdulrahman, Oubari January 2020 (has links)
Addressing environmental issues has been a top priority in recent years all over the world. There are several options on how to address this problem also from a financial perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how green bond issuance announcement impacts publicly traded stock prices through cumulative abnormal return (CAR) perspective. We focused our scope only to the Swedish market. Theory is based on three different models: the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the market model, and the market return model, which all have been applied also in previous studies. Several previous studies indicate that there is a positive CAR around the bond announcement date. In our case findings based on all three models were, that there in fact is evidence of CAR in the Swedish market at different event windows. The strongest relationships were found in event windows five days before the event date and up to twenty days post-event date. These results could be an indicator, that investors are valuating green bonds positively, and therefore for companies it might be beneficial to engage in more environmentally friendly project financing.
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Abnormal Returns of Swedish Equity Funds : Are Managers Skilled or Lucky?Johansson, Tom-Filip, Määttä, Tommi January 2012 (has links)
The fund market has grown substantially during the past decades and the majority of Swedish citizens are invested in funds directly or through pension savings. There is mixed evidence on the performance of Swedish equity funds depending on the method employed and the time period studied. In this study, we set out to estimate abnormal performance using acknowledged methods during a time-period that is both longer and more recent than previous studies. Our sample is survivorship-free and consists of 150 mutual equity funds during January 1993 to December 2011. We use a four-factor model to estimate abnormal performance compared to an index and additional risk factors. We find that the average performance is neutral net of costs and that funds outperform with 1.7 percent before costs, the difference is approximately the average management fee. Over time, we find that the average abnormal performance and the share of funds that have significant outperformance have decreased while the share of significant underperformance has increased. Since the study of fund performance started in the 1960's the twin questions has been; does funds outperform the market and is this a result of pure chance or are managers skilled? Since we observe funds with significant positive and negative abnormal performance, we want to know if the results can attributed to luck or skill. We employ the latest technique, a bootstrap simulation, to test for skill or luck. This is the first study to employ the bootstrap to distinguish skill from luck in sample of Swedish funds. By ranking funds on performance after costs, we find that the performance of the majority of funds can be attributed to skill or "bad skill". The evidence is strongest in the top 95th percentile and above, and from the bottom 50th percentile and below.
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