O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o desempenho energético de dois diferentes tipos de sistemas de aquecimento de piscinas: á gás natural e por bomba de calor elétrica. Foi realizada instrumentação em duas piscinas localizadas em uma mesma academia, cada uma delas dotada de um dos tipos de sistema de aquecimento. Além destas duas piscinas, que são objeto de investigação desta pesquisa, outras quatro piscinas, localizadas cada uma em um local distinto na cidade de São Paulo, também receberam instrumentação e a coleta de dados está sendo executada através de sistemas de aquisição de dados, para posterior análise e novos trabalhos de pesquisa. Como resultados da análise das duas piscinas, obteve-se um coeficiente de desempenho - COP, médio para o sistema de aquecimento por bomba de calor igual a 4. Para o sistema a gás natural, os resultados para a eficiência global do sistema indicaram 76%, ao passo que o rendimento apenas dos aquecedores foi de 82%. As análises dos dados permitiram comprovar a influência da temperatura ambiente sobre o COP da bomba de calor. Quanto menor a temperatura do ar, menor o COP. A Temperatura do ar também mostrou forte influência sobre o consumo de energia. / The aim of this research is to investigate the energetic performance of two distinct kinds of swimming pool heating systems: gas-fired and electric heat pump. A practical instrumentation research was prepared in these two indoor swimming pools, placed in the same location. Besides these, other four swimming pool, placed each in a different ambient in the city of São Paulo also received the instrumentation so that it will be possible to run future researches, once the data is already being collected by the data loggers installed. As a result of the data analysis, it was found that the average coefficient of performance of the heat pumps studied is 4. For the natural gas fired system, the global efficiency factor was found to be 76%. The efficiency of the heaters isolated was found to be 82%. This research showed that the COP of heat pump systems has strong correlation with the air temperature. The lower the air temperature, the lower the COP. Temperature also has strong influence on the consumption of energy.

Thesis (M.A.)--Southwest Texas State University, 1944. / Various newspaper articles, photographs, and other memorabilia related to Riverside mounted throughout.

M. Tech. Architecture (Applied) / The aim of the thesis is to design a public swimming pool that re-connects street and river within a particular urban condition. The ground plane of the selected site is manipulated to facilitate a physical and visual connection with the river. Wetlands form part of the landscape surrounding the facility and on urban scale to assist in the cleaning and re-use of water from the canal. The proposal includes two pools accommodating different human interactions with water. The buildings are designed as a transitional space between inside and outside. The site was carefully selected based on the mix of current educational facilities, offices and residential accommodation. The site was developed using various layers namely: Private swimming, public swimming, spill out spaces, as well as spectator and passer-by contact. It is envisioned that the proposal will form part of the larger Tshwane 2055 framework aiming to revitalize the Pretoria CBD, although canalized, the Aapies River forms an important life giving artery adjacent to the Nelson Mandela Corridor. As part of the design proposal, it is envisioned that the canal be used as a floating walkway in future with follies linking specific sites and the river at strategic points. The proposed lap pool adheres to international standards. Both the pools step towards the canal, providing a different spatial and sensory experience. The design may serve as a guideline for future proposals along the canal. URBAN SWIMMING must inspire social growth and promote swimming as both a sport and a recreational activity.

Thesis (M.A.)--Southwest Texas State University, 1944. / Various newspaper articles, photographs, and other memorabilia related to Riverside mounted throughout.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2506.pdf: 900946 bytes, checksum: 97bcd58db188bc414e74218995bbe7c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / A hundred sixty samples of water were collected to assess the sanitary and ecoepidemiological conditions of collective swimming pools in São Carlos SP. The samples were collected between August/2007 and Abril/2008. The pools were characterized by application of a questionnaire, answered by people responsable for the water treatment. Physical and chemical analysis included: pH, temperature, alkalinity, free chlorine concentration and turbidity. All water samples were analyzed for heterotrophic plate counts by pour plate method. Membrane filter technique was used to isolate amoebae and other bacteria. Eleven pools were heated and nine were unheated. Half of the pools was indoors and the other half was outdoors. Seventeen pools were chlorinated and three pools had a combined disinfection, two using chlorine and UV and one using chlorine and ozone. Only 13 samples (8%) conformed within the desired standards for pH, turbidity and free chlorine concentration at the same time. Twelve samples (7.5 %) were unacceptable for heterotrophic bacteria and 63 (39 %) were unsatisfactory for the presence of total coliforms. Escherichia coli was detected in two samples. Moreover, 102 samples (64 %) were contaminated with at least one microorganism.The percentages of occurrence were: 14 % for Staphylococcus spp, 35 % for Pseudomonas spp, 33 % for Mycobacterium spp and 21 % for free-living amoebae. The amoebae identified were used to recover bacteria possibly present intracellularly . Of these 33 samples positive for protozoa, 18 (54 %) harbored Mycobacterium spp, 15 (45 %) harbored Pseudomonas spp and one (3 %) harbored Staphylococcus spp. Escherichia coli was not recovered from amoebae. The physical and chemical parameters most related to the occurrence of microorganisms in the samples studied were pH and chlorine. No significant relationship was identified between water temperature and occurrence of microorganisms. Overall, the inappropriate forms of treatment and maintenance of swimming pools studied might create conditions for the development of microorganisms, including those potentially pathogenic for human. / Com o intuito de avaliar as condições ecoepidemiológicas e sanitárias de piscinas coletivas da cidade de São Carlos SP, foram coletadas 160 amostras de água em 20 piscinas, entre Agosto/2007 e Abril/2008. As piscinas foram caracterizadas através de aplicação de questionário junto aos responsáveis pelo tratamento da água. Os parâmetros físico-químicos analisados foram: pH, temperatura, alcalinidade, concentração de cloro livre e turbidez. A análise microbiológica foi realizada através de contagem de bactérias heterotróficas (método de pour plate ) e de concentração em membrana filtrante para a pesquisa de coliformes totais, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Mycobacterium spp e amebas de vida livre. Entre as piscinas analisadas, 11 eram aquecidas e nove não-aquecidas. Metade das piscinas localizava-se em ambiente interno e a outra metade em ambiente externo. Dezessete piscinas eram cloradas e três delas faziam tratamento de desinfecção combinado: duas utilizando cloro e UV e uma utilizando cloro e ozônio. Apenas 13 amostras (8 %) se apresentaram dentro dos padrões desejados para pH, turbidez e concentração de cloro livre ao mesmo tempo. Doze amostras (7,5 %) estavam fora do padrão sugerido para bactérias heterotróficas e 63 (39 %) foram consideradas insatisfatórias quanto à presença de coliformes totais. Escherichia coli foi detectada em duas amostras apenas. Em relação aos outros microrganismos pesquisados, 102 amostras (64 %) apresentaram-se com pelo menos um deles. As porcentagens de ocorrência foram: 14 % para Staphylococcus spp, 35 % para Pseudomonas spp, 33 % para Mycobacterium spp e 21 % para amebas de vida livre. As amebas detectadas foram utilizadas para recuperar bactérias possivelmente presentes em seu interior. Das 33 amostras positivas para esses protozoários, 18 (54 %) demonstraram hospedar Mycobacterium spp, 15 (45 %) abrigavam Pseudomonas spp e uma (3 %) apresentava Staphylococcus spp internalizados. Escherichia coli não foi recuperada a partir de células amebianas. Os parâmetros físico-químicos mais relacionados com a ocorrência de microrganismos nas amostras estudadas foram o pH e o cloro. Não foi identificada relação significativa entre a temperatura da água e a ocorrência de microrganismos. De forma geral, foi possível observar certo descuido quanto às formas adequadas de tratamento e manutenção das águas das piscinas estudadas, o que pode colocar em risco a saúde dos freqüentadores, ao criar condições para o desenvolvimento de microrganismos, inclusive para aqueles potencialmente patogênicos.

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o desempenho energético de dois diferentes tipos de sistemas de aquecimento de piscinas: á gás natural e por bomba de calor elétrica. Foi realizada instrumentação em duas piscinas localizadas em uma mesma academia, cada uma delas dotada de um dos tipos de sistema de aquecimento. Além destas duas piscinas, que são objeto de investigação desta pesquisa, outras quatro piscinas, localizadas cada uma em um local distinto na cidade de São Paulo, também receberam instrumentação e a coleta de dados está sendo executada através de sistemas de aquisição de dados, para posterior análise e novos trabalhos de pesquisa. Como resultados da análise das duas piscinas, obteve-se um coeficiente de desempenho - COP, médio para o sistema de aquecimento por bomba de calor igual a 4. Para o sistema a gás natural, os resultados para a eficiência global do sistema indicaram 76%, ao passo que o rendimento apenas dos aquecedores foi de 82%. As análises dos dados permitiram comprovar a influência da temperatura ambiente sobre o COP da bomba de calor. Quanto menor a temperatura do ar, menor o COP. A Temperatura do ar também mostrou forte influência sobre o consumo de energia. / The aim of this research is to investigate the energetic performance of two distinct kinds of swimming pool heating systems: gas-fired and electric heat pump. A practical instrumentation research was prepared in these two indoor swimming pools, placed in the same location. Besides these, other four swimming pool, placed each in a different ambient in the city of São Paulo also received the instrumentation so that it will be possible to run future researches, once the data is already being collected by the data loggers installed. As a result of the data analysis, it was found that the average coefficient of performance of the heat pumps studied is 4. For the natural gas fired system, the global efficiency factor was found to be 76%. The efficiency of the heaters isolated was found to be 82%. This research showed that the COP of heat pump systems has strong correlation with the air temperature. The lower the air temperature, the lower the COP. Temperature also has strong influence on the consumption of energy.

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, des campagnes de mesures de la qualité de l’air intérieur des piscines couvertes ont révélé la présence de composés toxiques, notamment de chloroforme (cancérigène probable pour l’homme) à des concentrations très supérieures à la valeur toxicologique de référence recommandée par l’Anses. Ainsi, la garantie de la santé des baigneurs nécessite de pouvoir détecter facilement le dépassement de cette valeur limite.Pour pallier à l’absence d’appareil répondant à ce besoin, l’objectif de cette thèse est donc d’élaborer un capteur colorimétrique, fait d’une matrice nanoporeuse dopée en molécules-sondes capables de réagir de façon sélective et sensible avec le chloroforme pour former un produit coloré.La réaction de Fujiwara a été sélectionnée pour notre capteur et son optimisation a permis de dégager les conditions optimales qui devront être reproduites dans les pores de la matrice sol-gel pour assurer un fonctionnement optimal du capteur. En raison des contraintes imposées par la réaction de Fujiwara, un nouveau type de matrices mixtes silice-zircone a été développé pour héberger cette réaction en phase gaz.La maîtrise fine de la différence de réactivité entre les précurseurs de silice (peu réactifs) et les précurseurs de zircone (très réactifs) nous a permis de moduler à la fois l’homogénéité, l’absorbance et la porosité de ces matrices de façon à obtenir des matrices présentant les caractéristiques requises de transparence, porosité, tenue mécanique, absorbance et compatibilité avec la réaction colorimétrique choisie.Le dopage de cette matrice avec les réactifs de Fujiwara finalement été réalisé avec succès et la fonctionnalité du capteur a été démontrée. / During the last twenty year, indoor swimming-pool air quality measurement campaigns confirmed the presence of toxic compounds such as chloroform (carcinogenic) at higher level than those advised by French authorities. Hence, the ability to easily perform direct detection of chloroform at concentration above the advised threshold is crucial to ensure the safety of swimmers.At the moment, no devices seems to meet such a need. This PhD work aims at preparing a colorimetric sensor suited to this application, thanks to a nanoporous material incorporating probe-molecules to specifically react with chloroform and yield a coloured product.The optimization of the Fujiwara colorimetric reaction was carried out and the best mode to be used within the nanopores in the gas phase was identified. A new type of silica-zirconia materials had to be specifically developed to resist to the harsh chemical conditions of the Fujiwara reaction.Fine-tuning of the differential reactivity of silica (slow) and zirconia (fast) precursors led to a good control of the homogeneity, absorbance and porosity of the materials which was absolutely essential to meet the specifications of transparency, porosity, mechanical stability, absorbance and ability to host the Fujiwara reaction.Such materials were successfully doped with Fujiwara reagents, and the functional material obtained was validated as a chloroform sensor.

The dissertation deals with sport swimming in the Czech lands and in Czechoslovakia in the interwar period, specifically in the period of the so-called First Republic. However, the work dates back to the beginning of the 19th century, when the first, especially river, swimming pools began to be established in our territory, which were first used for swimming training of soldiers, and only at the end of the 19th century did the general public learn to swim and there are also the first swimming competitions. The greatest development of sport swimming in our territory occurred only after the First World War, when the Czechoslovak Amateur Swimming Association was founded and it sought maximum organizational, financial and material support for swimming. Our swimmers achieved the best swimming performances in the 1920s, when they were able to compete with the European swimming powers. However, they did not have the world's top swimming, which was also seen at the Olympic Games in 1920, 1924, 1928 and 1936. In the early 1930s, the performance of our swimmers began to stagnate, which could be attributed to the fact that in other countries swimming was supported in all respects, but this was not the case in the Czechoslovak Republic, from the very beginning of sport swimming in our territory. Keywords:...

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Clear Blue International (pty) Ltd (CBI) is a swimming pool construction company that is in need of a high performance swimming pool pump in order to offer a competitive tender for the construction of an intricate swimming pool at a prestigious resort. There is one supplier of this particular pump in South Africa and due to their sole distributorship and the pump's technical specifications, it is sold at a very expensive price. The result being that CBI can't offer a competitive tender by this means, instead they need to source the pump from another source at a lower price. It was decided to develop a project plan to facilitate the importation process, which is the outcome of this study. A thorough analysis of project management is conducted and incorporated into the importation process. The study takes into consideration the intricacy of the importation process and how this can be facilitated by project management that will lead to success for CBI. CBI recognises that in order to stand out in a highly competitive industry they need to re-invent themselves by new and innovative means in order to stand out from the rest. Project management has proven to be the means by which they can add value to their corporate image. This study provides a useful template that can be of benefit to other importers that wish to use project management and it can be adjusted accordingly to a particular commodity and importers requirements. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Clear Blue International (Edms) Bpk (CBI) is 'n swembad konstruksie-maatskappy. Hulle benodig 'n hoe verrigting pomp met die oog op 'n mededingende tender vir die bou van 'n ingewikkelde swembad-konstruksie by 'n toonaangewende oord. Daar is huidiglik net een verskaffer van hierdie spesifieke pomp in Suid-Afrika en vanwee hulle alleen-verspreiding, plus die pomp se spesifieke tegniese spesifikasies, word dit teen 'n baie hoe prys verkoop. CBI kan tans nie 'n mededingende tender verskaf nie en wil daarom die pomp eers teen 'n laer prys vanuit 'n ander oord bekom. Die besluit was dus om 'n projek-plan te inisieer om die invoer-proses te vergemaklik, wat die resultaat van hierdie studie is. 'n Deeglike analise van projek bestuur is aangevoer en by die invoer-proses geinkorporeer. Hierdie studie neem ook die ingewikkeldheid van die invoer-proses in ag en hoe projek bestuur dit kan vergemaklik en sodoende kan bydra tot die sukses vir CBI. CBI besef dat, om uit te staan in 'n hoogs mededingende industrie, hulle hulself moet vernuwe op 'n innoverende wyse. Projek bestuur is bewys as die metode waarby hulle hul korporatiewe beeld kan verhoog. Die studie verskaf 'n waardevolle profielvorm waarby ander invoerders wat projek bestuur wil implementeer, ook kan baat vind. Dit kan aangepas word volgens spesifieke handelsartikels en invoer-voorskrifte.

The work presents an overview of swimming pool disinfection technologies of selected operations. Selected indoor and outdoor pool operations were to be described, and the use of chlorine and chlorine-free disinfectants was to be determined and the data evaluated. These goals were met in the theoretical part of the thesis, which presents the current methods of treatment and disinfection of swimming pool water and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The comparison includes advantages and disadvantages, use and costs of disinfection methods, individual water quality indicators, and their importance and measurements. The work also focuses on microbiological and chemical health risks from swimming pool water. The practical part described the technologies of swimming pool water treatment in six selected swimming pool operations, focusing on the use of chlorine and chlorine-free disinfectants and their operation. Another 27 operators in the Czech Republic (combined, indoor and outdoor) were contacted in writing for the survey. A total of 27 indoor and 23 outdoor operations were compared in the survey.