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La présente étude est une recherche empirique sur les conditions de détention en isolement administratif et disciplinaire dans les pénitenciers canadiens. Les recherches récentes sur l’isolement constatent que ce type de placement produit des conséquences négatives sur les détenus, tant au niveau physique, psychologique et social en raison des conditions de vie dans lesquelles ils sont placés. La littérature existante n’aborde que très peu les conditions de vie des détenus en isolement en contexte carcéral canadien. Notre recherche vise donc à combler cette carence de la littérature scientifique par l’entremise du Bureau de l’enquêteur correctionnel, organisme de dernier recours que disposent les détenus pour faire valoir leurs droits concernant leurs conditions de vie. Notre objectif principal consiste à étudier ce que les plaintes, que les détenus mis en isolement formulent auprès du BEC, nous permettent de dire des conditions de vie en isolement. Nous avons ainsi entrepris de présenter le contenu des plaintes acceptées par le BEC en les analysant à travers les privations de Sykes (1958) et d’analyser les problèmes de fond des plaintes à travers le principe de moindre éligibilité de Bentham (1796). Nous avons réalisé une analyse empirique des plaintes des détenus formulées au BEC entre 2013 et 2015, soit 134 dossiers, incluant 244 plaintes. Malgré les limitations du matériel empirique obtenu, nous avons constaté que la douleur de l’emprisonnement se manifeste non seulement à travers trois des privations de Sykes, mais aussi à travers d’autres types de privations, qui étaient auparavant incluses dans la privation de liberté : l’absence de relation familiale, la restriction de mouvement et le manque de reconnaissance. De plus, nos résultats nous permettent de proposer une réflexion sur le principe de moindre éligibilité, tel que vécu par les détenus en isolement, piste de recherche qui mérite d’être approfondie.

Ces dernières décennies, de nouvelles méthodes numériques connues sous le nom de « méthodes sans maillage » ont été développées. Contrairement à la MEF, ces méthodes n'utilisent qu'un ensemble de noeuds répartis dans le domaine sans demander un maillage de celui-ci. Jusqu'à présent, aucune de ces méthodes n'est parvenue à satisfaire les utilisateurs de la MEF. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une méthode sans maillage, utilisant les approximations de Taylor. Cette méthode a l'avantage de n'utiliser que des points sur la frontière. En effet, l'EDP est résolue sous sa forme forte dans le domaine et les conditions aux limites sont appliquées par la méthode des moindres carrés. Cette méthode a été introduite, il y a 3 ans par S. Zeze dans sa thèse. Les tests académiques effectués en linéaire ont montré que cette méthode est très précise et que la convergence est améliorée en augmentant le degré, comme dans la p-version des EF. Nos travaux de thèse sont une suite des travaux de S. Zeze et ils visent à rendre plus robuste la méthode et aussi à élargir son champ d'application. Dans un premier temps, nous faisons une analyse mathématique de la méthode. Cette analyse passe par l'analyse des séries calculées. Le but de cette analyse est d'évaluer le domaine de convergence de la solution. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que pour certains problèmes, il faut subdiviser le domaine en quelques sous domaines et faire une résolution par sous domaine. La suite de nos travaux a donc été d'établir une technique de raccordement qui permettra d'assurer les conditions de transmission aux interfaces, dans le cas d'une résolution par sous domaine. En dernière partie, nous étendons l'application de la méthode aux problèmes non linéaires, en la couplant à une méthode de linéarisation / In these last decades, new numerical methods known as « meshless methods » have been developped. Contrary to the FEM, these methods uses only a set of nodes in the domain, without need of any mesh. Until now, any of these methods has convinced users of FEM. In this paper, we present a new meshless method using Taylor series expansion. In this method, the PDE is solved quasi exactly in the domain and the boundary conditions are applied by using a least square method. Then only the boundary discretisation is needed so the proposed method is a « true boundary meshless method ». This technique has been proposed for the first time by S. Zeze in his PhD thesis. The study of some linear problems has shown that this technique leads to a very good accuracy and that the convergence can be improved by increasing approximation degree. Our work is a continuation of S. Zeze work, and it consists to make the proposed method more robust and to extend its range of application. For that, we first make an analysis of the series computed by the method. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the domain of validity of these series. This analysis showed that, for some problems, an accuracy cannot be obtained without splitting the domain in subdomains and making a resolution by subdomains. Therefore the second part of our work was to define a technique which will ensure the continuity at the interface between subdomains, in the case of a resolution by subdomains. The last part of our work was dedicated to non-linear problems. We establish an algorithm to show how the proposed method can deal with nonlinear-problems

This thesis examines domestic service practises among some members of the Yorkshire gentry during the nineteenth century. Historians usually consider the gentry to have shared the same social outlooks and practises as other members of the upper class in spite of significant differences in income and political power. However, as they were less well-to-do, they could not afford to maintain the variety of servants a wealthy aristocrat could. Three main families were selected to reflect the range of incomes and possession or lack thereof of a hereditary title: the Listers of Shibden Hall, the Sykes of Sledmere House and the Pennymans of Ormesby Hall. The Yorkshire gentry organised country houses servants along the same hierarchical lines as prescriptive authors suggested because this gave servants clear paths for promotion which reduced the frequency of staff turnover; furthermore the architecture of their country houses promoted such organization. Secondly, this architecture reinforced the domestic social positions of every rung of the domestic hierarchy. As part of a unique subgroup of the upper class, gentry ladies were less likely to experience class conflict with servants clearly placed within the domestic service hierarchy. The conclusion is that through selective recruitment processes, the distinctive work environment and a particular labour pool, this group created a unique labour market tailored to their social and economic standing.

This thesis examines domestic service practises among some members of the Yorkshire gentry during the nineteenth century. Historians usually consider the gentry to have shared the same social outlooks and practises as other members of the upper class in spite of significant differences in income and political power. However, as they were less well-to-do, they could not afford to maintain the variety of servants a wealthy aristocrat could. Three main families were selected to reflect the range of incomes and possession or lack thereof of a hereditary title: the Listers of Shibden Hall, the Sykes of Sledmere House and the Pennymans of Ormesby Hall. The Yorkshire gentry organised country houses servants along the same hierarchical lines as prescriptive authors suggested because this gave servants clear paths for promotion which reduced the frequency of staff turnover; furthermore the architecture of their country houses promoted such organization. Secondly, this architecture reinforced the domestic social positions of every rung of the domestic hierarchy. As part of a unique subgroup of the upper class, gentry ladies were less likely to experience class conflict with servants clearly placed within the domestic service hierarchy. The conclusion is that through selective recruitment processes, the distinctive work environment and a particular labour pool, this group created a unique labour market tailored to their social and economic standing.

This thesis examines domestic service practises among some members of the Yorkshire gentry during the nineteenth century. Historians usually consider the gentry to have shared the same social outlooks and practises as other members of the upper class in spite of significant differences in income and political power. However, as they were less well-to-do, they could not afford to maintain the variety of servants a wealthy aristocrat could. Three main families were selected to reflect the range of incomes and possession or lack thereof of a hereditary title: the Listers of Shibden Hall, the Sykes of Sledmere House and the Pennymans of Ormesby Hall. The Yorkshire gentry organised country houses servants along the same hierarchical lines as prescriptive authors suggested because this gave servants clear paths for promotion which reduced the frequency of staff turnover; furthermore the architecture of their country houses promoted such organization. Secondly, this architecture reinforced the domestic social positions of every rung of the domestic hierarchy. As part of a unique subgroup of the upper class, gentry ladies were less likely to experience class conflict with servants clearly placed within the domestic service hierarchy. The conclusion is that through selective recruitment processes, the distinctive work environment and a particular labour pool, this group created a unique labour market tailored to their social and economic standing.

This thesis examines domestic service practises among some members of the Yorkshire gentry during the nineteenth century. Historians usually consider the gentry to have shared the same social outlooks and practises as other members of the upper class in spite of significant differences in income and political power. However, as they were less well-to-do, they could not afford to maintain the variety of servants a wealthy aristocrat could. Three main families were selected to reflect the range of incomes and possession or lack thereof of a hereditary title: the Listers of Shibden Hall, the Sykes of Sledmere House and the Pennymans of Ormesby Hall. The Yorkshire gentry organised country houses servants along the same hierarchical lines as prescriptive authors suggested because this gave servants clear paths for promotion which reduced the frequency of staff turnover; furthermore the architecture of their country houses promoted such organization. Secondly, this architecture reinforced the domestic social positions of every rung of the domestic hierarchy. As part of a unique subgroup of the upper class, gentry ladies were less likely to experience class conflict with servants clearly placed within the domestic service hierarchy. The conclusion is that through selective recruitment processes, the distinctive work environment and a particular labour pool, this group created a unique labour market tailored to their social and economic standing.

Athletics has been regarded as a means of encouraging youth to build character, discipline, and develop healthy habits. However, literature has emerged that asserts athletics do not prevent deviant behaviors, but instead, influence one to commit deviant acts. As such, this research examined effects of athletics on the commission of deviant behaviors via learning and techniques of neutralization theories. Subjects for this project included 325 college students from a southern regional university. Data were generated through the use of a self-report questionnaire, which measured variables pertaining to self-reported deviant behaviors including perceptions of peer deviance, neutralizing indicators, and sports participation. The findings suggest some support for each theoretical model, differential association and techniques of neutralization. Both theoretical models were supported, in general, with learning theory having the most support. When participation in sporting activity was considered, however, the results consistently showed no effect on various types of self-reported deviant behavior.

The master thesis focuses on a more detailed analysis of the premises of British politics in relation to the Middle East after the First World War. Attention is focused especially on the territory of Mesopotamia, which is the center of all actions of neighboring states and the interests of the great powers. The thesis also includes the events of the war and the subsequent diplomatic negotiations held mostly at the Paris Peace Conference. Everything is viewed mainly from the perspective of British Empire and it's leaders. The finall goal of the work is to anchor the British mandates in the geographical area of the Middle East to the Ankara Agreement.