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Esta dissertação tem como intenção analisar a obra parietal de Paulo Werneck, ilustrador, gravador, muralista e mosaicista, cuja produção é fundamental para compreender a arte mural de meados do século XX no Brasil. Para tanto, este estudo se inicia a partir de uma breve explanação sobre o desenvolver da arquitetura moderna brasileira e a sua consolidação como uma linguagem própria, independente da matriz europeia. A seguir, será apresentado o conceito estético síntese das artes, que é geralmente utilizado pela historiografia tradicional para justificar o alastre da arte mural em edificações racionalistas a partir da década de 40. Nessa parte do trabalho, a intenção é apresentar o desenvolvimento histórico do tema, do seu surgimento até a leitura que irá impactar a obra de arquitetos como Le Corbusier - pela qual a questão chega no país- Lúcio Costa e Oscar Niemeyer. Por fim, a primeira parte do trabalho se debruça sobre a arte mural brasileira- seja ela pintura, azulejaria ou mosaico- tentando compreender a sua motivação estética e política. A segunda parte do trabalho é dedicada à figura e a obra musiva de Paulo Werneck. Nela apresenta-se o seu desenvolvimento como artista, o seu relacionamento com a arquitetura moderna, a sua passagem da ilustração para a arte mural e a sua chegada ao mosaico, técnica na qual se tornará um experto. Também é analisada as visualidades presentes no seu trabalho, da figuração ao abstracionismo, a partir de estudos de caso das obras mais significativas do artista, buscando sempre relacionar as suas escolhas com o que estava sendo produzindo no país na mesma época. Portanto, esse trabalho se dedica a estudar a arte mural brasileira e a importância dos painéis de Werneck, artista responsável pela renovação da linguagem do mosaico no Brasil e, quiçá, no mundo. / This dissertation analyzes the parietal work of Paulo Werneck, illustrator, engraver, muralist and mosaic designer whose production is fundamental to understand the mid-twentieth century mural art in Brazil. In this regard, the study begins with a brief explanation about the development of Brazilian modern architecture and its consolidation as a language of its own, independent of the European matrix. Then, the aesthetic concept of \"synthesis of the arts\" is going to be presented. Usually, the concept is used by traditional historiography to justify the spreading of mural art in rationalist constructions from the 1940s. This part of the dissertation intends to point out the historical development of the theme, from its appearance until the \"reading\" that would make an impact in the work of architects such as Le Corbusier the aesthetic concept arrives in Brazil via his work - Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer. Finally, the first part of the dissertation focuses on the Brazilian art mural such as painting, tilery or mosaic making and tries to comprehend its aesthetic and political motivation. The second part of the dissertation is dedicated to the figure and the musive work of Paulo Werneck. It presents his development as an artist, his relationship with the modern architecture, his transition from illustration to the mural art as well as his approach to the mosaic art whose technique would convert him into an expert. Also, it analyzes the visualities in his work from the figuration to the abstractionism through case studies of the most significant works of the artist, always trying to connect his choices with things that were being produced in the country at that time. In conclusion, this dissertation intends to study the Brazilian mural art and the importance of the panels of Paulo Werneck, the artist who is responsible for the renewal of the mosaic language in Brazil and, perhaps, in the world.

Notre recherche porte sur l’histoire de la reconstruction du Xreščatyk, l’avenue principale de Kiev, au cours de la première décennie qui suit la Deuxième guerre mondiale sous plusieurs angles : le contexte idéologique et économique dans lequel se trouve l’URSS à l’époque, la politique d’Etat dans le domaine de l’architecture et son impact sur la modélisation des formes architecturales, les matériaux et techniques de construction, l’organisation de l’activité architecturale, l’application pratique de la théorie de la synthèse des arts, le rôle des espaces verts dans la planification urbaine. Nous étudions les différentes étapes de l’élaboration et de la réalisation de ce projet architectural majeur en tant que résultat de l’interaction entre le commanditaire social et les architectes. Nous analysons le concept architectural du Xreščatyk comme l’adaptation de la tradition artistique nationale au contexte de l’Ukraine soviétique d’après-guerre. Malgré l’importance idéologique que revêt la reconstruction de l’avenue principale de la capitale ukrainienne, comme symbole du triomphe du communisme sur le nazisme, tout n’est pas subordonné au politique dans ce gigantesque chantier. Le dévouement et les idées personnelles des auteurs du projet jouent un certain rôle d’une part et les réalités économiques dictent un certain nombre de choix d’autre part. Ce travail met en évidence le décalage entre les projets ambitieux du concours architectural et la réalisation finale, analyse les mécanismes d’ajustement du projet aux besoins réels de la ville. / Our research relates to the history of the reconstruction of Xreščatyk, the main avenue of Kiev, during the first decade which follows the Second world war under several approaches: ideological and economic context in which is the USSR at the time; the state policy in the field of architecture and its impact on the modeling of the architectural forms, materials and building techniques, the organization of the architectural activity, the practical application of the theory of the synthesis of arts, the role of green spaces in the urban planning. We study the various stages of the development and the realization of this major architectural project as a result of the interaction between the social sponsor and the architects. We analyze the architectural concept of Xreščatyk like the adaptation of the national artistic tradition to the context of the Soviet Ukraine of post-war period. Despite the ideological importance of rebuilding the main avenue of the Ukrainian capital, as a symbol of the triumph of communism over nazism, everything is not subordinate to politics in this gigantic building site. The dedication and personal ideas of the authors of the project play a certain role on the one hand and economic realities dictate a number of choices on the other. This work highlights the gap between the ambitious projects of the architectural competition and the final realization, analyzes the mechanisms of adjustment of the project to the real needs of the city.

Esta dissertação tem como intenção analisar a obra parietal de Paulo Werneck, ilustrador, gravador, muralista e mosaicista, cuja produção é fundamental para compreender a arte mural de meados do século XX no Brasil. Para tanto, este estudo se inicia a partir de uma breve explanação sobre o desenvolver da arquitetura moderna brasileira e a sua consolidação como uma linguagem própria, independente da matriz europeia. A seguir, será apresentado o conceito estético síntese das artes, que é geralmente utilizado pela historiografia tradicional para justificar o alastre da arte mural em edificações racionalistas a partir da década de 40. Nessa parte do trabalho, a intenção é apresentar o desenvolvimento histórico do tema, do seu surgimento até a leitura que irá impactar a obra de arquitetos como Le Corbusier - pela qual a questão chega no país- Lúcio Costa e Oscar Niemeyer. Por fim, a primeira parte do trabalho se debruça sobre a arte mural brasileira- seja ela pintura, azulejaria ou mosaico- tentando compreender a sua motivação estética e política. A segunda parte do trabalho é dedicada à figura e a obra musiva de Paulo Werneck. Nela apresenta-se o seu desenvolvimento como artista, o seu relacionamento com a arquitetura moderna, a sua passagem da ilustração para a arte mural e a sua chegada ao mosaico, técnica na qual se tornará um experto. Também é analisada as visualidades presentes no seu trabalho, da figuração ao abstracionismo, a partir de estudos de caso das obras mais significativas do artista, buscando sempre relacionar as suas escolhas com o que estava sendo produzindo no país na mesma época. Portanto, esse trabalho se dedica a estudar a arte mural brasileira e a importância dos painéis de Werneck, artista responsável pela renovação da linguagem do mosaico no Brasil e, quiçá, no mundo. / This dissertation analyzes the parietal work of Paulo Werneck, illustrator, engraver, muralist and mosaic designer whose production is fundamental to understand the mid-twentieth century mural art in Brazil. In this regard, the study begins with a brief explanation about the development of Brazilian modern architecture and its consolidation as a language of its own, independent of the European matrix. Then, the aesthetic concept of \"synthesis of the arts\" is going to be presented. Usually, the concept is used by traditional historiography to justify the spreading of mural art in rationalist constructions from the 1940s. This part of the dissertation intends to point out the historical development of the theme, from its appearance until the \"reading\" that would make an impact in the work of architects such as Le Corbusier the aesthetic concept arrives in Brazil via his work - Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer. Finally, the first part of the dissertation focuses on the Brazilian art mural such as painting, tilery or mosaic making and tries to comprehend its aesthetic and political motivation. The second part of the dissertation is dedicated to the figure and the musive work of Paulo Werneck. It presents his development as an artist, his relationship with the modern architecture, his transition from illustration to the mural art as well as his approach to the mosaic art whose technique would convert him into an expert. Also, it analyzes the visualities in his work from the figuration to the abstractionism through case studies of the most significant works of the artist, always trying to connect his choices with things that were being produced in the country at that time. In conclusion, this dissertation intends to study the Brazilian mural art and the importance of the panels of Paulo Werneck, the artist who is responsible for the renewal of the mosaic language in Brazil and, perhaps, in the world.