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Komparace majetkových daní v České republice a vybraných státech Evropské unieGrušecká, Aneta January 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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Zdanění zaměstnaneckých benefitů ve vybraných zemích OECD / The tax implications of the employee benefits in the chosen OECD countriesSluková, Barbora January 2009 (has links)
The employee benefits are currently considered by more and more employers as a komponent part of a personal policy of the company and are used as an instrument of tax planning and tax optimization. Also employees are used to be remunerated also with the help of noncash benefits. On the other hand the state makes efforts to minimize the tax and contributions benefits of the tax payer. The target of this graduate thesis is to describe and compare the tax implications of the employee benefits in the chosen OECD countries. The content analysis of czech and foreign literary sources was necessary to collect the secondary data. The recommendations for the Czech Republic result from the analytic part of the graduate thesis. The tax implications of the employee benefits in the chosen OECD countries (Canada, Australia, New Zealand) are much different in comparison with the tax implications of the employee benefits in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless some tax implications are identical for all countries in conception of solution of mobile and option plans. The greatest differences are in the tax implications of superannuation scheme and life insurance. Tax implications of other types of benefits (meals, education, company car for personal use, recreation and sport and accommodation) are different always only in one or two countries. Countries with the greatest differences in tax implications of the employee benefits are Australia and New Zealand.
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Miljöcertifiering i Sverige Nytta med både Miljöbyggnad och BREEAM-SE? / Enviromental certification in Sweden- Need of both Miljöbyggnad and BREEAM-SE?Eriksson, Richard, Moghbel, Sadaf January 2021 (has links)
På en marknad där allt fler byggnadsprojekt miljöcertifieras i samband med ökat intresse i miljö och samhällsutveckling så blir verktygen för själva certifieringen allt viktigare, men får även ökad konkurrens. Miljöbyggnad är starkt etablerat i Sverige men saknar betydelse utomlands. BREEAM-SE som är en svensk adaption av det brittiska certifieringssystemet Building Research Establishment Enviromental Assessment Method (BREEAM)är mindre vanligt i Sverige men sprider sig på marknaden runt om i världen och är ett av de större internationella systemen med en global standard. Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra BREEAM-SE och Miljöbyggnad för att belysa deras respektive styrkor och svagheter för att se om det finns en nytta med att ha båda systemen på den svenska marknaden eller om det är mer fördelaktigt att endast nyttja ett system. En litteraturstudie har utförts genom datainsamling av manualerna för respektive system. Därefter har en intervjustudie genomförts för att samla in information från nyckelpersoner som arbetar med respektive system i olika företag. Resultaten visade att systemen är så pass olika att de inte konkurrerar med varandra i samma projekt utan är specialiserade mot olika kundgrupper som kräver skilda typer av certifieringar. Slutsatsen är att båda systemen behövs på den svenska marknaden för att fylla de behov som finns och som respektive system inte skulle kunna uppfylla på egen hand. Huruvida något av de andra miljöcertifieringssystemen som finns på marknaden skulle vara bättre än de som undersökts i denna studie har inte undersökts i denna studie och kvarstår att besvara. / On a market where an increasing number of building projects are being subject to environmental certification as a result of the growing interest of the environment and societal development, the tools for the certifications become more important and competition from similar systems increases. Miljöbyggnad is already firmly established in Sweden but lack any significant bearing in other countries. BREEAM-SE is a Swedish adaptation of the British certification system BREEAM and is not used to the same extent in Sweden but continue to spread on a global market and is at this point one of the largest certification systems with a core system as the global standard. The purpose with this study is to compare BREEAM-SE and Miljöbyggnad to highlight their respective strengths and weaknesses to see if there is any use to keep both systems on the Swedish market or if it would be beneficial to use one system alone. A literature study was done through extensive data collection from the manuals for respective system. Furthermore, an interview study was done to collect information from key persons that work with respective system in various companies. The result showed that the systems are different enough to not compete with each other on the same projects since they are specialized towards different market segments that require different systems, to get the most out of it and be beneficial. The conclusion is that both systems are required on the Swedish market to fulfil the needs that exist since neither system can fulfil those needs on their own, as of right now. However whether other environmental certification systems that exist could be better than the systems brought up in this study, has not been investigated in the study and remains to be answered.
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Porovnání řešení oblasti ŘLZ v různých produktech pro velké podniky / Comparison of Human Resources Management software solutions suitable for large companiesHorák, Ondřej January 2009 (has links)
In my graduation theses I tried to define the system of human resource management in large companies, to analyse the requirements, and to predict developing trends in this sphere of business. According to the provided information I also made a compare of two products that are used in large firms based on portal fort the employee. For my work I mostly used information from companies that develop these systems, specialists in this field and from literature or other sources of information. All the sources are listed at the end of the theses. The theses are devided into five main parts: definition of the human resource management systems, description of large companies, requeirements, procedure of choosing the system for their comparison and the final recommendations, conclusions.
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Analýza systému sociální pomoci v ČR z pohledu rodin pečujících o dítě se zdravotním znevýhodněním / Analysis of social assistance system in the Czech Republic from the perspective of families caring for child with physical handicapNovotná, Martina January 2011 (has links)
Diploma thesis "Analysis of the social assistance system in the Czech Republic from the perspective of families caring for a child with handicap" deals with one of the three pillars of the social security system in the Czech Republic, with the system of social assistance. It summarizes the current theoretical knowledge in this field, introduces the core concepts of values and international and European kontext of human and social rights claimed under the social assistance system with a particular focus on the handicapped people. It also advocates the concept of social assistance to these citizens into the historical framework and explains its origination in the Czech Republic. The analytical part focuses on specific design and operation of social assistance from the perspective of families caring for a child with handicap in two periods, in socialism and in present. It identifies the whole field of provided assistance to the target group, which represents mainly social benefits and social welfare services, and subsequently subjects it to comparison. The analytical part is supplemented by the testimony of families caring for the disadvantaged child. The paper presents practical experience with the system of social assistance by caring such a child of two families in the socialist era and one...
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Vyhledávání výrazů v řeči pomocí mluvených příkladů / Query-by-Example Spoken Term DetectionFapšo, Michal January 2014 (has links)
Tato práce se zabývá vyhledáváním výrazů v řeči pomocí mluvených příkladů (QbE STD). Výrazy jsou zadávány v mluvené podobě a jsou vyhledány v množině řečových nahrávek, výstupem vyhledávání je seznam detekcí s jejich skóre a časováním. V práci popisujeme, analyzujeme a srovnáváme tři různé přístupy ke QbE STD v jazykově závislých a jazykově nezávislých podmínkách, s jedním a pěti příklady na dotaz. Pro naše experimenty jsme použili česká, maďarská, anglická a arabská (levantská) data, a pro každý z těchto jazyků jsme natrénovali 3-stavový fonémový rozpoznávač. To nám dalo 16 možných kombinací jazyka pro vyhodnocení a jazyka na kterém byl natrénovaný rozpoznávač. Čtyři kombinace byly tedy závislé na jazyce (language-dependent) a 12 bylo jazykově nezávislých (language-independent). Všechny QbE systémy byly vyhodnoceny na stejných datech a stejných fonémových posteriorních příznacích, pomocí metrik: nesdružené Figure-of-Merit (non pooled FOM) a námi navrhnuté nesdružené Figure-of-Merit se simulací normalizace přes promluvy (utterrance-normalized non-pooled Figure-of-Merit). Ty nám poskytly relevantní údaje pro porovnání těchto QbE přístupů a pro získání lepšího vhledu do jejich chování. QbE přístupy použité v této práci jsou: sekvenční statistické modelování (GMM/HMM), srovnávání vzorů v příznacích (DTW) a srovnávání grafů hypotéz (WFST). Abychom porovnali výsledky QbE přístupů s běžnými STD systémy vyhledávajícími textové výrazy, vyhodnotili jsme jazykově závislé konfigurace také s akustickým detektorem klíčových slov (AKWS) a systémem pro vyhledávání fonémových řetězců v grafech hypotéz (WFSTlat). Jádrem této práce je vývoj, analýza a zlepšení systému WFST QbE STD, který po zlepšení dosahuje podobných výsledků jako DTW systém v jazykově závislých podmínkách.
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Evaluating the predictive potential of micro-dissected tissue modelSimeone, Kayla 12 1900 (has links)
Un défi majeur en oncologie clinique est de caractériser avec précision la réponse des patients aux agents thérapeutiques. Actuellement, il n'existe pas de modèles et de tests fiables capable de reproduire précisément une tumeur primaire dans toute sa complexité. Or, ce paramètre est essentiel pour mettre en œuvre une stratégie de médecine personnalisée capable d'identifier le régime de traitement le plus approprié pour un patient particulier dans un délai cliniquement pertinent. Pour répondre à ce besoin, notre groupe a développé un nouveau modèle 3D ex vivo qui repose sur la micro-dissection d'un échantillon de tumeur (MDT) d'un patient et l'utilisation de technologies microfluidiques pour maintenir la viabilité du tissu et le microenvironnement tumoral naturel afin d’évaluer la sensibilité aux traitements dans un délai adapté à la prise de décision clinique. Cette approche permettrait de sélectionner les thérapies les plus efficaces tout en réduisant l'administration de traitements inefficaces associés à des effets secondaires indésirables, ainsi que les coûts de prise en charge des patients.
Des travaux précédemment publiés par notre équipe ont montré que la viabilité des cellules cancéreuses situées dans notre modèle de tumeur ex vivo pouvait être caractérisée par microscopie confocale sur l’intégralité du MDT ou par cytométrie de flux sur les MDTs après dissociation enzymatique des cellules. Cependant, ces techniques présentent des limitations en termes de résolution visuelle pour la microscopie confocale et de sensibilité et information spatiale pour la cytométrie de flux. Nous proposons ici d’associer notre modèle 3D de MDTs en microfluidiques à des techniques d’immuno-histopathologie, dans le but d’offrir une évaluation moléculaire, spatiale et quantitative de la réponse de la tumeur au traitement. Pour cela, nous avons optimisé une procédure de lithographie en paraffine de nos systèmes microfluidiques, permettant la production de blocs de micro-étalages micro-réseaux de tissus micro-disséqués (MDTMA). afin de permettre une coloration morphologique du tissu et un marquage de protéines spécifiques pour analyser l'architecture tissulaire, la prolifération et l’apoptose cellulaire au sein des échantillons traités. En outre, nous avons montré que le modèle ex vivo est comparable et corrélé au système de modèle de souris in vivo de référence pour l'essai de chimio-sensibilité. Suite à l’optimisation de ce modèle, nous avons collecté 25 échantillons de tumeurs de patientes atteintes de cancer de l’ovaire, pour réaliser des MDTs et des cultures de cellules primaires afin de comparer les profils transcriptomiques de ces deux modèles avec celui de la tumeur d’origine, et d'analyser les réponses aux traitements et le microenvironnement tumoral.
Les données transcriptomiques obtenues par micropuces ARN nous ont permis d'effectuer une analyse bio-informatique des voies de signalisation incluant un groupement hiérarchique non supervisé. Nos résultats montrent que les MDT à chaque point de temps (jour 0, 8 et 15) sont génétiquement similaires à la tumeur primaire par opposition aux cultures cellulaires primaires, et que les principales voies dérégulées sont impliquées dans la réponse cellulaire au stress. Nous avons observé une viabilité élevée des cellules au sein des MDT sur une période de culture de 15 jours. En outre, nous avons déterminé qu'un régime de chimiothérapie (carboplatine et paclitaxel) consistant en une induction thérapeutique de 10 heures suivie d'une période de récupération de 14 heures était idéal pour caractériser la réponse au traitement. Notre analyse de prédiction de la réponse des patients montre que nous avons une corrélation positive élevée d'une efficacité de 95 % entre la réponse ex vivo et la réponse clinique pour les patients appariés. En général, nos résultats suggèrent que notre technique fournit un modèle plus sophistiqué et précis pour récapituler la réponse de la tumeur primaire dans un laps de temps cliniquement adapté, et pourrait servir de plateforme pour tester de nouvelles thérapeutiques, et d'outil d'orientation clinique pour la réponse des patients. / A major challenge in clinical oncology is the inability to accurately predict the patients’ response to therapeutic agents. Currently, there are no reliable models and assays available that reiterate the immense complexity of a primary tumor. These factors are important to implement a personalized medicine strategy capable of identifying the most suitable treatment regimen for a particular patient in a clinically relevant timeframe. To answer this need, our group has developed a novel ex vivo 3D model that relies on the micro-dissection of a patient’s tumor specimen and the utilization of microfluidic technologies to monitor drug sensitivity within a time-frame suitable for clinical decision-making. This approach would allow for better selection of effective therapies and limit the administration of ineffective treatments, further improving treatment outcome of patients while reducing cost and drug-induced toxicities.
Previously published work studied that the viability of cancer cells located within the tumor was characterized using two imaging modalities: confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. However, each technique has its own disadvantage, limiting their ability to molecularly characterize the effect of therapeutic agents on cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesize that our 3D ex vivo tumor-derived model coupled to a pathology-like tool would allow for a more comprehensive approach to evaluate tumor response to treatment, providing a readout system to closely mirror the patient’s response, and evaluating molecular mechanisms involved in response to drugs. To address this hypothesis, we optimized a paraffin-embedding lithography procedure allowing the production of micro-dissected tissue micro-array (MDTMA) block to allow morphological and protein-specific staining to analyze the cellular integrity and tissue architecture of treated samples. In addition, we showed that ex vivo model is comparable and correlated to the gold standard in vivo mouse model system for chemosensitivity assay. Moreover, we collected, following informed consent, 25 post-surgical OC patient tumor samples, to form micro-dissected tissues (MDTs), and primary cell cultures for micro-array analysis and characterization of the TME and response prediction.
The micro-array data allowed us to perform unsupervised hierarchical clustering and pathway analysis showing that the MDTs at each time-point (day 0, 8 and 15) are genetically similar to the primary tumor as opposed to the primary cell cultures and that main deregulated pathways are involved in cellular response to stress. We observed a high viability of cells within MDTs over a culture period of 15 days. In addition, we determined that a treatment regimen consisting of a 10-hour therapy induction followed by a 14-hour recovery period was ideal for characterizing carboplatin treatment response. Our response prediction analysis of patients shows that we have a high positive correlation of 95% efficiency between ex vivo and clinical response for matched patients. In general, our results suggest that our ex vivo drug response model provides a more sophisticated model to recapitulate primary tumor response in a clinically suitable timeframe that can be exploited further serving, in part, as a platform to test new therapeutics and as a clinical guidance tool for patient response.
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