<p>The task to this thesis has been to create an application, Katana-databas 1.0, for analysing c-code. The generated output gets stored in a data structure which content in the end of the program run gets written in a textfile which gets used by Katana. It's a tool for reverse engineering, developed by Johan Kraft at Mälardalens institute.</p><p>Katana-databas has got the following limitations. (1) It can only handle preprocessed files, meaning it doesn't contain any rows beginning with "#". (2) Only complete files can be handled. (3) No references to unknown functions or variables are allowed. (4) A further limitation is that the application can't handle any ADT's. It can only handle primitive types. (5) Finally the application is only written for pure c-code, and thus doesn't handle code written C++.</p><p>The task has been solved by creating an automatically generated lexer with Flex and Bison rules in Visual Studio. There after a limited parser has been developed which purpose is to process the lexemes which the lexer generates.</p><p>The underlying causes for the thesis is to replace Understand with Katana-databas. Katana has this far used the database in Understand, but it contains closed source code. What is seeked is open source code, which Katana-databas is based on.</p> / <p>Programmeringsuppgiften till detta arbete har bestått i att skapa en applikation, Katana-databas 1.0, för analys av C-kod. Utflödet som applikationen skapar sparas i en datastruktur vars innehåll i slutet av programkörningen skrivs ut i en textfil som används av Katana. Det är ett verktyg för reverse engineering, utvecklat av Johan Kraft på Mälardalens högskola.</p><p>Katana-databas har fått följande begränsningar. (1) Den kan bara hantera filer som är preprocessade, dvs. den innehåller inga rader som inleds med ”#”. (2) Endast kompletta filer kan hanteras. (3) Inga referenser till okända funktioner eller variabler är tillåtna. (4) En ytterligare begränsning är att applikationen inte kan hantera ADT:er. Den kan bara hantera primitiva typer. (5) Tillsist är applikationen endast skriven för ren c-kod, och klarar således inte av att hantera kod skriven i C++.</p><p>Uppgiften har lösts genom att skapa en automatgenererad lexer med Flex och Bisonrules i Visual Studio. Därefter har en limiterad parser utvecklats vars syfte är att bearbeta de lexem som lexern genererar.</p><p>Det bakomliggande syftet med arbetet är att ersätta Understand med Katana-databas. Katana har hittills använt sig av databasen i Understand, men den består av sluten källkod. Det som eftersträvas är öppen källkod, vilket Katana-databas baseras på.</p>

<p>A modern home contains varieties of electronic equipment and systems like: TV, Hi-fi equipment, central heating systems, fire alarm systems, security alarm systems, lighting systems etc. Enabling these devices to communicate is the first step towards the long-predicted smart home, but this requires communication standards to follow. It can be anticipated that the technology must be wireless in order for such network to be feasible.  Large set of standards are present for as well wired as wireless communication in between such devices, but today no standard communication interface available.</p><p> </p><p>The goal of this project is to survey available standards for short-range wireless communication, and to evaluate and compare their capabilities to become a general standard for home automation. The evaluation must take such aspects as security, range, network architecture and the heterogeneous set of devices into consideration. Furthermore, this thesis proposes how to interconnect the home network to the external network for remote supervision and control.</p>

<p>Utvecklingen av webben har från att vara statisk i sin presentation och förmedling av information</p><p>övergått till att vara mycket rikare på funktionalitet och interaktionsmöjligheter. Ajax är ett begrepp</p><p>som relaterar till en samling tekniker som när de används i kombination ger möjligheten att skapa</p><p>webbapplikationer som sett till effektivitet och interaktion kan jämföras med lokala applikationer. I</p><p>grunden ger Ajax möjlighet till asynkron kommunikation vilket ersätter den traditionella</p><p>webbmodellens synkrona beteende. Detta leder till webbapplikationer kan inta en ny</p><p>interaktionsform där innehåll inte behöver laddas i form av hela sidor. Webbutvecklare ställs</p><p>därmed inför en rad problem när dessa webbapplikationer skall skapas i jämförelse med den</p><p>traditionella webbutvecklingen och syftet med denna uppsats är således att kartlägga problem och</p><p>problemområden som finns vid webbutveckling med Ajax. Detta har vi åstadkommit med en</p><p>inledande litteraturstudie vilken resulterade i ett antal problem vilka vi även har styrkt via intervjuer</p><p>med ett antal webbutvecklare. Intervjuerna resulterade även i problem som vi inte funnit i litteratur.</p><p>Resultatet visar på att Ajax ställer utvecklaren inför ett antal problem som vi kategoriserat enligt</p><p>användbarhet, tillgänglighet, utveckling och integration. Problemens grad av relevans har visat sig</p><p>bero på applikationens målgrupp och användarsituation.</p>

No description available.

<p>Webbyrån Two i Karlstad har fått i uppdrag av sin kund Myresjöhus att utveckla en ny och bättre webbplats än den som existerar i dagsläget. För att ta reda på hur den nya webbplatsen fungerar fick vi uppdraget att göra en jämförelse mellan denna och konkurrenten Trivselhus webbplats, genom att utföra tester med hjälp av eyetrackingutrustning. Till dessa tester anlitas 5 stycken testanvändare, vilka får några uppgifter att lösa på de båda webbplatserna.</p><p>Vi konstaterar att placering av objekt på en sida har stor betydelse för vad användaren ser och inte ser. Exempelvis missar användaren ofta objekt som denne måste scrolla för att hitta. Överhuvudtaget är information som ligger långt ner på en sida många gånger värdelös, då blicken sällan rör sig i de regionerna. Viktig information ska alltid placeras högt upp på sidan. Våra tester visar detta mycket tydligt. Vidare visar studier att information helst ska placeras på den vänstra sidan, eftersom man som användare ofta missar innehållet i den högra sidan.</p><p>Vi konstaterar att eyetracking är en teknik som, använd på rätt sätt, kan ge ovärderlig information till exempelvis skapare av webbplatser.</p>

<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>I dagens informationssamhälle ställs höga krav på den offentliga förvaltningen. Detta har lett till att många myndigheter har valt att publicera information på Internet. Några av myndigheterna har även lanserat olika typer av så kallade självbetjäningstjänster (e-tjänster). 24-Timmarsmyndigheten är regeringens vision om den framtida förvaltningen. Statskontoret utförde en förstudie beträffande standardmeddelanden under perioden november 2003 till augusti 2004. Denna förstudie gjordes i samverkan med representanter för intresserade myndigheter och i samråd med representanter för IT-branschen. Anledningen till att förstudien gjordes var att även om det idag sker elektroniskt utbyte mellan myndigheter så saknas det samordnade principer för hur informationen i elektroniska dokument skall struktureras.</p><p>Uppsatsförfattarna frågade sig hur arbetet med att införa en samordning skulle kunna påverka oss som individer, men framförallt hur de olika myndigheterna kan påverkas och om man kanske behöver göra ändringar i lagar för att en framgångsrik standardisering myndigheter emellan ska bli möjlig. Vi studerade Statskontorets förarbete, och annan litteratur vi fann som berörde området standardmeddelanden.</p><p>Våra studier visar att införandet av elektroniska standardmeddelanden mellan myndigheter kan bli problematiskt. Slutsatsen är att starkare och tydligare direktiv behövs från regerings sida, för att sätta press på myndigheterna att utveckla sig mot Statskontorets önskemål och för att få till stånd ett införande av standardmeddelanden.</p><p>Kanske till och med skapa en gemensam myndighet som tillhandahåller nödvändig information om alla de statliga myndigheterna. Så läggs även vikt på att skapa delaktighet hos myndigheterna vid genomförandet av standardmeddelanden.</p>

Television is now changing its traditional distribution forms to being distributed digitally over broadband networks. The recent development of broadband Internet connectivity has made the transition to Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) possible. When changing distribution technique of an existing service, it is important that the new technique does not make the service worse from the user’s point of view. Although a broadband network offers high capacity and has excellent performance there will be occasional packet losses and delays which could negatively influence the user experience of the delivered broadband service. Since bandwidth is a key constraint for video distribution there is a strong incentive for finding schemes to increase bandwidth utilization, especially when distributing high bandwidth IPTV services. In digital video coding it is common to use predictive coding to remove temporal redundancy in video sequences. This technique greatly increases the coding efficiency but makes the sequence more sensitive to information loss or delay. In addition, the use of predictive coding also introduce a inter frame dependency which could make the channel change significantly slower. This thesis addresses two important areas related to bandwidth efficient IPTV distribution, namely error resilience and fast channel change. A method to numerically estimate the decoded objective video quality of scalable coded video is presented and evaluated. The method can be used to estimate objective video quality for a scalable video transmission system subject to packet-loss. The quality gain of temporally scalable video in a priority packet dropping environment is also investigated and quantified. Synchronization Frames for Channel Switching (SFCS) is proposed as a method to code and distribute video with IP-multicast, which can be used to efficiently combat packet-loss, increase bandwidth utilization, and offer a channel change speed up. The performance of SFCS is analyzed and bandwidth estimation expressions are formulated, analytical results are complemented with computer simulations. The results show that SFCS deployed in an IPTV delivery system can significantly lower the bandwidth consumption and speed up the channel change.

Text clustering divides a set of texts into clusters (parts), so that texts within each cluster are similar in content. It may be used to uncover the structure and content of unknown text sets as well as to give new perspectives on familiar ones. The main contributions of this thesis are an investigation of text representation for Swedish and some extensions of the work on how to use text clustering as an exploration tool. We have also done some work on synonyms and evaluation of clustering results. Text clustering, at least such as it is treated here, is performed using the vector space model, which is commonly used in information retrieval. This model represents texts by the words that appear in them and considers texts similar in content if they share many words. Languages differ in what is considered a word. We have investigated the impact of some of the characteristics of Swedish on text clustering. Swedish has more morphological variation than for instance English. We show that it is beneficial to use the lemma form of words rather than the word forms. Swedish has a rich production of solid compounds. Most of the constituents of these are used on their own as words and in several different compounds. In fact, Swedish solid compounds often correspond to phrases or open compounds in other languages. Our experiments show that it is beneficial to split solid compounds into their parts when building the representation. The vector space model does not regard word order. We have tried to extend it with nominal phrases in different ways. We have also tried to differentiate between homographs, words that look alike but mean different things, by augmenting all words with a tag indicating their part of speech. None of our experiments using phrases or part of speech information have shown any improvement over using the ordinary model. Evaluation of text clustering results is very hard. What is a good partition of a text set is inherently subjective. External quality measures compare a clustering with a (manual) categorization of the same text set. The theoretical best possible value for a measure is known, but it is not obvious what a good value is – text sets differ in difficulty to cluster and categorizations are more or less adapted to a particular text set. We describe how evaluation can be improved for cases where a text set has more than one categorization. In such cases the result of a clustering can be compared with the result for one of the categorizations, which we assume is a good partition. In some related work we have built a dictionary of synonyms. We use it to compare two different principles for automatic word relation extraction through clustering of words. Text clustering can be used to explore the contents of a text set. We have developed a visualization method that aids such exploration, and implemented it in a tool, called Infomat. It presents the representation matrix directly in two dimensions. When the order of texts and words are changed, by for instance clustering, distributional patterns that indicate similarities between texts and words appear. We have used Infomat to explore a set of free text answers about occupation from a questionnaire given to over 40 000 Swedish twins. The questionnaire also contained a closed answer regarding smoking. We compared several clusterings of the text answers to the closed answer, regarded as a categorization, by means of clustering evaluation. A recurring text cluster of high quality led us to formulate the hypothesis that “farmers smoke less than the average”, which we later could verify by reading previous studies. This hypothesis generation method could be used on any set of texts that is coupled with data that is restricted to a limited number of possible values. / QC 20100806

HTML clipboardThe thesis deals with the dual problem of finding out and modelling the needs of users in various situations and constructing models of supportive software. Task analysis has not been a very hot topic for research in the last years, but in my work I have tried to apply task analysis to certain application areas. In this thesis the focus is therefore on two different kinds of applications, the first being a traditional software application, electronic mail systems. The second application area is programming of service robots for the home, and specifically robots that are intended as support for people with functional disorders, e.g., as a result of neural diseases or accidents with neurological consequences. The work in the thesis spans over a long period of research, but there is a thread going through the thesis based on a perspective that regards work tasks as consisting of sequences of patterns. In the e-mail application area, the pattern theory was not outspoken, but can be seen in the software prototyping tool, GRASP, that was developed in pure Prolog. The task pattern system, TAPAS, that was developed from the work in robots and the interviews with people with various degrees of disorders is clearer on the pattern approach. With the GRASP system, the idea was that users could be involved in the development through prototyping tools that would enable a more individual design of the application and the interface functionality. When this was taken into the area of design for inclusion, it was clear that the pattern approach in TAPAS would need to cater for an individual design of the robot’s tasks. Individualisation is a costly process but it can be eased through the use of a pattern approach to task modelling. The conclusion of the work in this thesis is that task analysis and conceptual modelling still have application areas within software development, especially where there is a large need for individual adaptation of the applications (such as robots as support for people with functional disorders). I show that a combined knowledge elicitation method and task modelling tool based on a pattern-based perspective can facilitate a more flexible and individual design of software. More precisely, in the robot context, I show that a robot that is programmed through a pattern approach receives a potential to become flexible enough to allow for end user reprogramming under certain circumstances. The conclusion of my work is that task analysis in combination with conceptual modelling of tasks as patterns is a promising method combination for the programming in task areas where there is a large need for individualization and flexibility. / QC 20100804

The research problem explored in this thesis is how technology and work practice are related in coordinative situations (collocated and over distance). Further, the problem of how this kind of research results can be transformed and used in the development of new technology is discussed. Air Traffic Control and Emergency Call Centers are the two domains where the complex process of coordination in a time and safety critical setting has been studied. The methodological approach taken in the field studies is ethnographic, a qualitative method with a descriptive outcome. Air traffic controllers focus on keeping the airspace organized so that the aircraft are separated at all times, as well as are given an economic route by e.g. slowing down so that they do not have to wait in the air for traffic ahead. In order to manage the control of the national airspace, it is divided into geographical sectors each of which is controlled by 1-2 controllers. The aircraft cross many sectors during one flight and each time they cross a sector border there is a handover of responsibility between the controllers. The controllers have a large number of tools that they orchestrate in order to maintain control and keep records of the orders given to the pilots. The situation in one sector has therefore been locally stored at their work position. It is shown in the thesis how the social interaction and the technology support are ordered to broadcast the locally stored information. Emergency call centers at SOS Alarm are in contrast to the ATC centers fully computerized. The operators use CoordCom, a system that is currently in the process of being renewed. When a telephone call to the emergency number 112 is received in one of the 20 local centers in Sweden, a receiving operator initiates the case by interviewing the caller in order to categorize the incident. Often, an incident consists of a number of conditions that together make an emergency. It is shown that accountability of decisions and local knowledge of the center’s responsibility area are two important parts of coordination at SOS Alarm. A question that has been of interest during the studies is what possibilities ethnographic observations provide when used as a starting point in a design project. The final study provided a description of how the ethnographic material from the emergency call center study was explored and transformed in order to create concrete functionality and design. The thesis contributes with examples from the workplace studies of how people interact with each other through the technology and how skills, local knowledge and professional concerns shape the interaction. It also contributes with reflections on how descriptions and experiences of work practice and technology use in the field can serve as a foundation in shaping and designing new ideas and new functionality for future systems. The papers included in this thesis shows results on four issues in relation to coordination and technology: -Coordinative work practice and implications in using video/audio in a distributed setting -Support for accountability in decision-making in a distributed setting -The role of local knowledge and combined expertise in a local collocated center -The transformation of ethnographic observations in the design process The thesis also shows the importance of a further definition of the dichotomy of collocated and distributed work in order to inform technology. An analysis of the dichotomy based on the field study results is presented in the thesis. / QC 20101014