This thesis is focused on distributed systems modeling using Petri nets. Distributed systems are increasingly being implemented in applications and computing systems, where their task is to ensure sufficient performance and stability for a large number of its users. When modeling a distributed systems, stochastic behavior of Petri nets is important, which will provide more realistic simulations. Therefore, this thesis focuses mainly on timed Petri nets. The theoretical part of this thesis summarizes distributed systems, their properties, types and available architectures, as well as Petri nets, their representation, types and the principle of an operation. In the practical part, two models were implemented, namely a horizontally scaled web application divided into several services with a distributed database and a large grid computing system, more precisely the BOINC platform with the Folding@home project. Both models were implemented using the PetNetSim library of Python. The goal of this thesis is to perform simulations on the created models for different scenarios of their behavior.

The purpose of this master's thesis was to design and implement the simulation server for the DEVS that is using already existing SmallDEVS system. The work is aimed to description of the DEVS formalism, SmallDEVS and implemented simulation server. This server provides functions to create new DEVS models, edit already existing models and control simulation. In addition server saves information about state changes during the simulation process, so we can find out the state of the model at any simulation time. It allows to analyze this data and get more information about the simulation process, which was not possible until now. There is a complete description of the communication protocol between client and server in this document. If a new function is implemented in the SmallDEVS system, this protocol can be easily updated. A prototype of client was implemented during this project to test the implemented simulation server. The client implements this communication protocol and allows the user to work with the SmallDEVS system on the server.

Motivation - Steigende Produkt- und Prozessanforderungen bei gleichzeitig verkürzten Entwicklungszeiten - Verstärkter Einsatz von Finite-Elemente-Analysen (FEA) in der Produktentwicklung notwendig - Erforderliches Expertenwissen jedoch hauptsächlich auf erfahrenen Berechnungsingenieure konzentriert - Konsturktionsbgleitende FEA bisher zu selten durchgeführt oder zu wenig aussagekräftig

The aim of this thesis is to show how much fuel can be saved in a power system based in diesel generators with integrated wind turbine (WDPS – Wind Diesel Power System) when a storage system is integrated. Diesel generator is still the most used power system for remote locations where the conventional grid doesn’t reach and its integration with wind turbine is seen as a natural combination to reduce diesel consumption. However, the wind intermittency brings some challenges that might prevent the necessary diesel savings to the level that justifies the integration with wind turbine. The introduction of a storage system can leverage the wind energy that would otherwise be wasted and use it during periods of high demand.The thesis starts by describing the characteristics of energy storage systems (ESS) and introducing the major ESS technologies: Flywheel, Pumped Hydro, Compressed Air and the four main battery technologies, Lead Acid, Nickel-Based, Lithium-ion and Sodium-Sulphur. The aim of this step it to obtain and compile major ESS parameters to frame then into a chart that will be used as a comparison tool.In the next step, wind-diesel power systems are described and the concept of Wind Penetration is introduced. The ratio between the wind capacity and diesel capacity determines if the wind penetration is low, medium and high and this level has a direct relation to the WDPS complexity. This step also introduces important concepts pertaining to grid load and how they are affected by the wind penetration.Next step shows the development of models for low, medium and high penetration WDPS with and without integrated ESS. Simulations are executed based on these models in order to determine the diesel consumption for each of them. The simulations are done by using reMIND tool.The final step is a comparative study where the most appropriated ESS technology is chosen based on adequacy to the system, system size and location. Once the technology is chosen, the ESS economic viability is determine based on the diesel savings obtained in the previous step.Since this is a general demonstration, no specific data about wind variation and consumer demand was used. The wind variation, which is used as the input for the wind turbine (WT), was obtained from a typical Weibull Distribution which is the kind of distribution that most approximate a wind pattern for long term data collection. The wind variation over time was then randomly generated from this distribution. The consumer load variation is based on a typical residential load curves. Although the load curve was generated randomly, its shape was maintained in conformity with the typical curves.This thesis has demonstrated that ESS integrated to WDPS can actually bring a reasonable reduction in diesel utilization. Even with a wind pattern with a low mean speed (5.31 m/s), the savings obtained was around of 17%.Among all ESS technologies studied, only Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) showed to be a viable technology for a small capacity WDPS. Among the four BESS technologies studied, Lead-Acid presents the highest diesel savings with the lower initial investment and shorter payback time. / O objetivo dessa tese é determinar quanto combustível pode ser economizado quando se integra um sistema de armazenamento de energia (ESS na sigla em Inglês) a um sistema gerador baseado em gerador diesel integrado com turbina eólica (WDPS na sigla em Inglês). Geradores à diesel são largamente utilizados em áreas remotas onde a rede de distribuição de eletricidade não chega, e a integração de geradores à diesel com turbinas eólicas se tornou a combinação usual visando a economia de combustível. No entanto, a intermitência do vento cria alguns desafios que podem inclusive tornar essa integração inviável economicamente. A introdução de ESS à esse sistema visa o aproveitamento da energia que seria desperdiçada para usá-la em periodos de alta demanda.A tese começa descrevendo as características de ESS e suas principais tecnologias: Flyweel, hidroelétrica de bombeamento, ar-comprimido e as quatro principais tecnologias de bateria, Chumbo-Ácido, Níquel, Íon de Lítio e Sódio-Sulfúrico. O objetivo dessa etapa é obter os principais parâmetros de ESS e apresentá-los numa planilha para referência futura.Na etapa seguinte, geradores à diesel são descritos e é introduzido o conceito de Penetração do Vento. A razão entre a capacidade eólica e a capacidade do gerador diesel determina se a penetração é baixa, média ou alta, e esse nível tem uma relação direta com a complexidade do WDPS. Nessa etapa também são introduzidos importantes conceitos sobre demanda numa rede de distribuição de eletricidade e como esta é afetada pela penetração do vento.A etapa seguinte apresenta a modelagem de WDPS com baixa, média e alta penetração, incluindo a integração com ESS. Sobre esses modelos são então executadas simulações buscando determinar o consumo de diesel de cada um. As simulações são feitas usando a ferramenta reMIND.A última etapa é um estudo comparativo para determinar qual tecnologia de ESS é a mais apropriada para WDPS, levando-se em conta sua localização geográfica e capacidade. Uma vez que a escolha tenha sido feita, a viabilidade econômica do ESS é calculada baseado na ecomonia de combustível obtida na etepa anterior.Como esta tese apresenta uma demonstração, não foram utilizados dados reais de variação do vento nem de consumo. A variação do vento foi obtida de uma distribuição Weibull típica, que é a distribuição que mais se aproxima da característica do vento coletada em logo prazo. A variação do vento no tempo foi gerada aleatoriamente baseada nessa distribuição. A curva de consumo é baseada em curvas de consumo residenciais típicas. Embora a curva de consumo tenha sido gerada aleatoriamente, o seu formato foi mantido em conformidade com as curvas típicas.Essa tese demonstrou que ESS integrado à WDPS pode trazer uma economia razoável. Mesmo usando uma distribuição de vento com baixo valor médio (5.3 m/s), a economia obtida foi de 17%.Dentre as tecnologias de ESS pesquisadas, apenas o sistema de armazenamento com bateria (BESS na sigla em Inglês) se mostrou viável para um WDPS com pequena capacidade. Dentre as quatro tecnologias de BESS pesquisadas, Chumbo-Ácido foi a que apresentou a maior economia de diesel com o menor investimento inicial e com o menor tempo de retorno do investimento.

Esta pesquisa lidou com a unificação de grafos aplicada ao problema das redes haplotípicas. A partir da baixa confiabilidade encontrada nas redes geradas pelos algoritmos tradicionais, foi necessário introduzir uma nova proposição para melhorar o resultado obtido. Para esta avaliar o resultado obtido pelo novo algoritmo, desenvolveu-se um arcabouço teórico-formal possibilitando a generalização de soluções relativas a redes haplotípicas através de aplicação de funções parametrizáveis, facilmente representadas através de linguagens funcionais no estilo LISP. Para aplicação em problemas reais, desenvolveu-se estrutura de simulação e testes que constrói cadeias genéticas de maneira aleatória ou ainda parametrizável. Os testes gerados permitiram observar a melhoria esperada no algoritmo, especialmente para os casos de baixa mutação. O arcabouço de simulação e testes mostrou-se extremamente propício e de fácil utilização, o que o torna, em si mesmo, uma ferramenta a ser disponibilizada para a comunidade acadêmica da área de Biologia. / This research dealt with the unification of graphs applied to the problem of haplotype networks. From the low reliability found in networks generated by the traditional algorithms, it was necessary to introduce a new proposition to improve the outcome. For proper evaluation of the results obtained by the new algorithm, a formal-theoretical framework for generalization of haplotype networks related solutions, making use of parameterized functions easily represented through LISP-like functional languages. Seeking for real case application of the theory developed, a structure of simulation and testing were developed to build genetic code strings randomly or even parameterized. The generated tests have allowed to observe the expected improvement in the algorithm, especially for cases of low mutation. The framework for simulation and testing was extremely useful and easy to use, making itself a product to be distributed to the academic Biology community.

<div>The demand for customized farm management prescription is increasing in order to maximize crop yield and minimize environmental risks under a changing climate. One great challenge to modeling crop growth and production is spatial and temporal variability. The goal of this dissertation research is to use publicly available Landsat imagery, ground samples and historical yield data to establish methodologies to spatially quantify cover crop growth and in-season maize yield. First, an investigation was conducted into the feasibility of using satellite remote sensing and spatial interpolation with minimal ground samples to rapidly estimate season-specific cover crop biomass and N uptake in the small watershed of Lake Bloomington in Illinois. Results from this study demonstrated that remote sensing indices could capture the spatial pattern of cover crop growth as affected by various cover crop and cash crop management systems. Soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and triangular vegetation index (TVI) were strongly correlated with cover crop biomass and N uptake for low and moderate biomass and N uptake ranges (0-3000 kg ha-1 and 0-100 kg N ha-1). The SAVI estimated cover crop biomass and N uptake were +/- 15% of observed value. Compared to commonly used spatial interpolation methods such as ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse distance weighting (IDW), using the SAVI method showed higher prediction R2 values than that of OK and IDW. An additional advantage for these remote sensing vegetation indices, especially in the context of diverse agronomic management practices, is their much lower labor requirements compared to the high density ground samples needed for a spatial interpolation analysis. </div><div>In the second study, a new approach using the multivariate spatial autoregressive (MSAR) model was developed at 10-m grid resolution to forecast maize yield using historical grain yield data collected at farmers’ fields in Central Indiana, publicly available Landsat imagery, top 30 cm soil organic matter and elevation, while accounting for yield spatial autocorrelation. Relative mean error (RME) and relative mean absolute error (RMAE) were used to quantify the model prediction accuracy at the field level and 10-m grid level, respectively. The MSAR model performed reasonably well (absolute RME < 15%) for field overall yield predictions in 32 out of 35 site-years on the calibration dataset with an average absolute RME of 6.6%. The average RMAE of the MSAR model predictions was 13.1%. It was found that the MSAR model could result in large estimation error under an extreme stressed environment such as the 2012 drought, especially when grain yield under these stressed conditions was not included in the model calibration step. In the validation dataset (n=82), the MSAR model showed good prediction accuracy overall (± 15% of actual yield in 56 site-years) in new fields when extreme stress was not present. The novel approach developed in this study demonstrated its ability to use elevation and soil information to interpret satellite observations accurately in a fine spatial scale. </div><div>Then we incorporated the MSAR approach into a process-based N transformation model to predict field-scale maize yield in Indiana. Our results showed that the linear agreement of predicted yield (using the N Model in the Mapwindow GIS + MMP Tools) to actual yield improved as the spatial aggregation scale became broader. The proposed MSAR model used early vegetative precipitation, top 30 cm soil organic matter and elevation to adjust the N Model yield prediction in 10-m grids. The MSAR adjusted yield predictions resulted in more cases (77%) that fell within 15% of actual yield compared to the N Model alone using the calibration dataset (n=35). However, if the 2012 data was not included in the MSAR parameter training step, the MSAR adjusted yield predictions for 2012 were not improved from the N Model prediction (average RME of 24.1%). When extrapolating the MSAR parameters developed from 7 fields to a dataset containing 82 site-years on 30 different fields in the same region, the improvement from the MSAR adjustment was not significant. The lack of improvement from the MSAR adjustment could be because the relationship used in the MSAR model was location specific. Additionally, the uncertainty of precipitation data could also affect the relationship. </div><div>Through the sequence of these studies, the potential utility of big data routinely collected at farmers’ fields and publicly available satellite imagery has been greatly improved for field-specific management tools and on-farm decision-making. </div>

Esta pesquisa lidou com a unificação de grafos aplicada ao problema das redes haplotípicas. A partir da baixa confiabilidade encontrada nas redes geradas pelos algoritmos tradicionais, foi necessário introduzir uma nova proposição para melhorar o resultado obtido. Para esta avaliar o resultado obtido pelo novo algoritmo, desenvolveu-se um arcabouço teórico-formal possibilitando a generalização de soluções relativas a redes haplotípicas através de aplicação de funções parametrizáveis, facilmente representadas através de linguagens funcionais no estilo LISP. Para aplicação em problemas reais, desenvolveu-se estrutura de simulação e testes que constrói cadeias genéticas de maneira aleatória ou ainda parametrizável. Os testes gerados permitiram observar a melhoria esperada no algoritmo, especialmente para os casos de baixa mutação. O arcabouço de simulação e testes mostrou-se extremamente propício e de fácil utilização, o que o torna, em si mesmo, uma ferramenta a ser disponibilizada para a comunidade acadêmica da área de Biologia. / This research dealt with the unification of graphs applied to the problem of haplotype networks. From the low reliability found in networks generated by the traditional algorithms, it was necessary to introduce a new proposition to improve the outcome. For proper evaluation of the results obtained by the new algorithm, a formal-theoretical framework for generalization of haplotype networks related solutions, making use of parameterized functions easily represented through LISP-like functional languages. Seeking for real case application of the theory developed, a structure of simulation and testing were developed to build genetic code strings randomly or even parameterized. The generated tests have allowed to observe the expected improvement in the algorithm, especially for cases of low mutation. The framework for simulation and testing was extremely useful and easy to use, making itself a product to be distributed to the academic Biology community.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3570.pdf: 760157 bytes, checksum: 38b3438fc00a0ce961ba30506837322f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-27 / There are many researches being developed in the Production Sequencing and Production Scheduling by the Tear team. In one of the researches focus, it has been investigated the use of simulation in cooperation with Artificial Intelligence to obtain a computer system as the solution of a reactive system in the entrance of production system. The main goal is to have a framework model to an intelligent system to help the products sequencing in the entrance of production systems. The framework should be a guide in the construction and customization of the intelligent system to be constructed. / No Tear (Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia e Estratégias de Automação) vários trabalhos vêm sendo desenvolvidos na temática de seqüenciamento e programação da produção. Em um dos focos, o de seqüenciamento de produtos na entrada de um sistema produtivo, tem-se investigado o uso de simulação em cooperação com técnicas de Inteligência Artificial buscando-se uma aplicação como solução para condições de re-seqüenciamento ou de seqüenciamento reativo da entrada do sistema produtivo. A proposta deste trabalho é modelar um framework para um sistema de auxílio ao seqüenciamento na entrada do sistema produtivo. O framework deve servir como guia na construção e customização do sistema.

Orientador: Fernando Augusto Silva Marins / Banca: Edson Luiz França Senne / Banca: José Arnaldo Barra Montevechi / Resumo: Para enfrentar os problemas do atual mundo globalizado e para se manter em atividade, as empresas vêm sendo obrigadas a empregar, em seu dia-a-dia, novos instrumentos de trabalho. A Teoria das Restrições, a Programação Linear Inteira e a Simulação de Sistemas surgem como potenciais ferramentas no auxílio à identificação e à solução dos problemas enfrentados pelas empresas nos dias de hoje. Este trabalho teve por objetivo principal desenvolver um método de planejamento e gerenciamento da produção, integrando essas três ferramentas. O método foi aplicado na linha de produção da Unidade de Cilindros para Laminação da empresa Aços Villares S/A com o intuito de melhorar o fluxo de produção e o cumprimento do prazo de liberação do produto entre as suas diversas áreas. Ao final do trabalho, concluiu-se que o referido método, além de facilitar e simplificar o processo de modelagem permite realizar análises mais aprofundadas do sistema real, em relação às que seriam conseguidas com a utilização das técnicas citadas, isoladamente. / Abstract: In order to face the issues of the current globalized world and in order to keep working, companies have been pushed to put in practice new working tools. The Theory of Constraints, the Integer Linear Programming and the Systems Simulation appear as potential tools to support problem identification and solution which are faced by companies nowadays. This work aims to develop a planning and management method of production integrating these three tools. The method was applied to the production line at Aços Villares S/A Rolling Mill Roll Unit aiming at improving the production flow and the accomplishment of product liberation deadline among its many areas. At the end of this work, it has been concluded that the referred method, besides facilitating and simplifying the modeling process, it allows to achieve deeper analyses of the real system in relation to those which would be reached with the isolated mentioned techniques. / Mestre

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2018-10-29T17:06:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Alberto Gobbes Cararo - 2018.pdf: 7377597 bytes, checksum: 1659af9cf040e52ce6bdb4b0e3c1d886 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-10-30T11:18:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Alberto Gobbes Cararo - 2018.pdf: 7377597 bytes, checksum: 1659af9cf040e52ce6bdb4b0e3c1d886 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-30T11:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Alberto Gobbes Cararo - 2018.pdf: 7377597 bytes, checksum: 1659af9cf040e52ce6bdb4b0e3c1d886 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-29 / This work presents methodology for voltage adequacy into electric power distribution network with the insertion of photovoltaic distributed generation. Deterministic, heuristic and hybrid optimization methods are used to find the variables: i) geographical siting, ii) supply power and iii) amount of photovoltaic distributed generation. The main characteristic of the methodology is the obtaining of the amount of photovoltaic distributed generation units necessary for the adequacy of electric network voltage, respecting the supply power of each generation unit. The results indicate improvement in voltage levels after insertion of photovoltaic distributed generation units with optimized parameters for different voltage transgression scenarios. The proposed methodology is efficient for voltage adequacy through the insertion of photovoltaic distributed generation. / Este trabalho apresenta metodologia para adequação de tensão na rede de distribuição de energia elétrica com a inserção de geração distribuída fotovoltaica. São utilizados métodos de otimização determinístico, heurístico e híbrido para encontrar as variáveis: i) posição geográfica, ii) potência de fornecimento e iii) quantidade de geração distribuída fotovoltaica. A principal característica da metodologia é a obtenção da quantidade de unidades de geração distribuída fotovoltaica necessárias para a adequação de tensão da rede elétrica, respeitando a potência de fornecimento de cada unidade de geração. Os resultados indicam melhoria nos níveis de tensão após inserções de unidades de geração distribuída fotovoltaica com parâmetros otimizados para diferentes cenários de transgressão de tensão. A metodologia proposta é eficiente para adequação de tensão através da inserção de geração distribuída fotovoltaica.