京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第19481号 / 理博第4141号 / 新制||理||1595(附属図書館) / 32517 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 藤 定義, 教授 佐々 真一, 教授 早川 尚男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to study successful mentoring programs/approaches to determine factors that positively affect the training, sustaining, and retaining of novice teachers in elementary schools. The primary question was, how do novice teachers, mentors, and principals in elementary schools describe their mentoring programs? The study was also guided by one sub question: What effect has the COVID-19 pandemic had on the mentoring program? Three principals, five mentor teachers, and three novice teachers completed the survey and from the survey respondents, three principals, four mentor teachers, and three novice teachers participated in a 1:1 virtual or phone interview. A case study method was conducted to target effective strategies currently used by mentors and principals to support new teachers with 1 to 3 years' experience. Ten school-based educators participated in the research. Open-ended questions were posed during a structured 1:1 interview with principals, mentors, and novice teachers. Findings suggest that novice teachers, mentor teachers, and principals believe three factors significantly impact a mentoring program: support, accessibility, and collaboration. The aim in conducting this research was to add to the literature on research-based practices and the system-wide approach of mentoring novice teachers that empowers teacher effectiveness, improves instructional practices, and increases teacher retention. By understanding the fidelity, consistency, and the level of support, accessibility, and collaboration in which novice teachers were afforded authentic opportunities to observe, learn with and from peers, mentors, and the principal in a mentoring program can be postulated for consideration. Study findings showed that novice teachers, mentors and principals believe mentoring programs afford opportunities for professional development, regularly scheduled meetings, and check in times with novice teachers. Thus, the study showed that mentors value having more time to meet with novice teachers to "hammer out" things they get bogged down with and have reflective conversations. The findings also showed that novice teachers rely on support from mentors with parent conferences, classroom management, learning curriculum content, preparing for back to school night, progress reports, getting to know the staff, and navigating the school culture. In addition, the findings showed that overall, principals do not work directly with novice teacher. However, they maintain an open door policy; follow the school district's guidelines for establishing mentoring program within the school; collaborate with lead mentors to find the best fit to pair mentors with novice teachers and keep a pulse on the supports and needs of the program; participate in new teacher orientation; and check in with novice teachers. / Doctor of Education / GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT This study investigated the mentoring and induction programs that support novice teachers in elementary schools. The researcher conducted a study about how to support novice teachers through mentoring and induction in elementary schools to determine the factors that affect the training, sustaining, and retaining of novice teachers. The primary question was, how do novice teachers, mentors, and principals in elementary schools describe their mentoring programs? The study was also guided by one sub question: What effect has the COVID-19 pandemic had on the mentoring program? A survey was sent to five elementary school principals, five mentor teachers, and three novice teachers. Three elementary school principals completed the demographic survey and completed the 1:1 Zoom (audio recorded only) interview. Four mentor teachers and two novice teachers completed the survey and participated in a phone interview. In addition, one novice teacher completed the survey and participated in a 1:1 Zoom (audio recorded only) interview. A data analysis process was used to analyze the 10 participants' interview responses regarding how novice teachers were supported in a mentoring and induction program in elementary schools. Findings suggest that principals, mentors, and novice teachers alike considered support, accessibility, and collaboration critical characteristics in supporting novice teachers.

<p>The present environmental concerns and the rising human requirement for solutions with better comfort and lower costs have resulted in an increased awareness for the energy use in the built environment. Technical advances in building structural systems and materials, heating and other comfort-providing systems and controlling strategies all lead to the integration of building technology with the function of buildings and the aesthetics. Therefore, in the process of improving the performance of energy systems and increasing the energy efficiency, integrated system approaches are of high importance. Performing the necessary energy analysis before any construction-installation occurs can help designers and decision makers reach guided solutions. Hence, a broad range of calculation tools for evaluating the operation of energy systems and the controls in buildings have been developed the latest years with different levels of complexity and angles of focus.</p><p>However, research and development regarding holistic energy system designs and techniques are in their infancy. The standard tactic has been to isolate system parts, study them as stand-alone sub-systems and focus on optimising components or processes of a complex function. In the present study, it is demonstrated the necessity for uniting energy engineers, architects, installers and technicians regarding decision making upon the energy use for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) in the built environment. Systems approach has been employed for studying the research issue that is presented in the current thesis. An extended part of this treatise has been devoted to systems thinking in practice.</p><p>The thesis demonstrates systematic methods of modelling and analysing certain, integrated, domestic, HVAC applications. The reference system boundaries enclose the building as a construction and as a dynamic function, a comfort-providing system based on a heat pump, a low-temperature hydronic heat distribution system and controls in a residential application. Obviously, these are not the only components met in a hydronic heating system. Numerous pieces of equipment, as piping, circulating pumps, expansion tanks, zone valves, relief valves and other essential elements are needed to make a safe and functional heating system. However, this study focuses on the analysis of the chosen reference system. Several models have been developed in the computational tools of TRNSYS and EES. These tools have been employed because they allow co-solving, hence the integrated system as well as the interaction between the different parts of the system can be studied.</p><p>The foremost result of this study is that approaching the system as a whole provides a better picture of the operation of every system component and the interaction between them. Explanations are given for the parameters that have a significant impact on the system’s performance. The thesis shows the importance of factors that are not easy to predict, as well as the difference in the building’s behaviour under fast changing thermal loads when the incorporated thermal mass is altered. Finally, implementing sophisticated controls for reducing the energy costs without compromising thermal comfort is vital.</p>

The Normal Accident Theory (NAT) attempts to understand why accidents occur in systems with high-risk technologies. NAT is characterized by two attributes: complexity and coupling. The combination of these attributes results in unplanned and unintended catastrophic consequences. High-risk technology systems that are complex and tightly coupled have a high probability of experiencing system failures. The mining industry has experienced significant incidents involving haulage operations up to and including severe injuries and fatalities. Although the mining industry has dramatically reduced fatalities and lost time accidents over the last three decades or more, accidents still continue to persist. For example, for the years 1998 - 2002, haulage operations in surface mines alone have accounted for over 40% of all accidents in the mining industry. The systems thinking was applied as an approach to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate NAT in mining haulage operations. A measurement index was developed to measure this complexity. The results from the index measurements indicated a high degree of complexity that exists in haulage transfer systems than compared to loading and unloading systems. Additionally, several lines of evidence also point to the applicability of NAT in mining systems. They include strong organizational management or safety system does not guarantee zero accidents, complexity is exhibited in mining systems, and they are interactive and tightly coupled systems. Finally, the complexity of these systems were assessed with results indicating that a large number of accidents occur when there are between 4 or 5 causal factors. These factors indicate the degree of complexity necessary before accidents begin to occur.

This research is a case-study based primarily on theory and pre-existing documents describing the history and the current situation in regards to violence against children in Indonesia. The theory of intervention is analysed against the context of Indonesia with an aim to find which of the selected intervention approaches – the systems approach, the human ecology approach, the lifecycle approach and the community based approach – are considered most appropriate, in terms of minimal obstacles or barriers, for recommendation to be implemented by religious leaders to eliminate violence against children. Furthermore, this research finds which types of violence against children – those with religious motivation or those with cultural motivation – each of these four intervention approaches are best suited for. The study finds that the former two approaches are lesser recommended for religious leaders on their own to lead, and that the latter two are better able to provide the necessary social programming. While conditions apply, each of the approaches are capable of intervening violence motivated by both religious and cultural norms.

A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA), uma ferramenta internacionalmente difundida e estabelecida, apresenta limitações em relação à influência que exerce sobre as decisões tomadas, que sugerem um baixo grau de efetividade para o instrumento. Nesse contexto, a análise de sua efetividade tem sido realizada a partir de diferentes abordagens, com prevalência de estudos focados em procedimentos específicos e/ou partes do processo de AIA, ou, ainda, orientados para a verificação do cumprimento de critérios ou diretrizes para sua aplicação. Diante de sua complexidade, sugere-se, então, que tanto a AIA quanto os fatores intervenientes em sua efetividade sejam compreendidos a partir de um enfoque mais amplo, que considere as relações existentes entre as etapas do processo, seus componentes e atores envolvidos. O desenho da pesquisa realizada se orienta por elementos desenvolvidos no campo da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas e, como tal, assume que as diferentes relações entre os componentes de sistemas complexos fazem emergir propriedades que condicionam o seu próprio funcionamento. Adotando-se como objeto de estudo os sistemas de AIA e licenciamento ambiental implementados nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais (Sul de Minas), o presente trabalho é voltado para a identificação e discussão dos fatores intervenientes na efetividade da aplicação dos instrumentos envolvidos, a partir de um enfoque sistêmico. Dentre as ferramentas sistêmicas existentes foi escolhida a Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) conhecida por fomentar o aprendizado dos atores envolvidos e aplicada a sistemas não quantificáveis como a AIA para identificar as lacunas e propor ações para melhoria destes dois sistemas. Os resultados obtidos permitem apontar diferenças na organização e capacidade de resposta dos sistemas estudados, concentradas na estruturação do órgão ambiental, na definição do escopo, nas janelas de participação, na quantidade de atores envolvidos nas arenas de decisão e no tempo de trâmite dos processos. As principais limitações identificadas para os dois sistemas estão em consonância com o que aponta a literatura internacional, que incluem a participação, a consideração de alternativas para o projeto, a avaliação de efeitos cumulativos e a influência de fatores externos na tomada de decisão. A abordagem utilizada apresentou-se como interessante para avaliar os sistemas de AIA, contribuindo para um melhor entendimento de sua organização e funcionamento. / Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), an internationally widespread and established tool, has limitations with respect to its influence on decision-making, suggesting a low degree of effectiveness for the instrument. In this context, its effectiveness analysis has been carried out from different approaches, with a prevalence of studies focused on specific procedures and/or parts of the EIA process, or even targeted for the verification of compliance with criteria or guidelines for its implementation. Given its complexity, it is suggested, then, that both the EIA as intervening factors in its effectiveness are understood from a broader approach that considers the relationships between the steps of the process, its components and actors involved. The design of the research is guided by elements developed in the field of General Systems Theory and, as such, assumes that the different relationships between components of complex systems are emerging properties that determine its own functioning. Adopted as the study object the EIA and environmental licensing systems implemented in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais (Sul de Minas), the present work is focused on the identification and discussion of the factors involved in the effectiveness of the application of the instruments involved, based on a systemic approach. Among the existing systemic tools was chosen the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) known to foster learning of the actors involved and applied to non-quantifiable systems like EIA to identify gaps and propose actions for the improvement of these two systems. The results may point out differences in the organization and responsiveness of the studied systems, concentrated in environmental agency structuring, in the scope, in the participation windows, in the number of actors involved in the decision arenas and in the processes time. The main constraints identified for the two systems are in line with the international literature points, which include participation, consideration of project alternatives, the assessment of cumulative effects and the influence of external factors in decision-making. The approach presented as interesting to evaluate the EIA systems, contributing to a better understanding of its organization and operation.

O Vale do Ribeira paulista é a principal região produtora de banana do Brasil, é uma área importante de conservação da biodiversidade, mas também uma das zonas mais pobres do estado. Assim sendo, é necessário que novas formas de cultivos dessa fruta, mais sustentáveis, como a agricultura orgânica, sejam consideradas como uma forma de promover o desenvolvimento local, minimizando os impactos negativos no ambiente. Para tanto, é imprescindível que os principais problemas do sistema agrário em questão sejam claramente conhecidos, a fim de permitir propostas de melhorias no sistema que sejam bem aderidas à realidade. Essas questões foram aqui discutidas na escala do sistema agrário da região, através de análises dos dados do último censo agropecuário do Brasil, realizado pelo IBGE, para a construção prévia de um panorama da agricultura orgânica e da fruticultura orgânica no país. Posteriormente foram conduzidos 11 estudos de caso, os quais exemplificam experiências singulares de cultivo da bananeira na região. Esses estudos foram combinados com parâmetros agronômicos mensurados no primeiro semestre de 2014, além de diversas entrevistas realizadas com agentes chave do sistema agrário da bananicultura do Vale do Ribeira. Foi encontrado que no país todo há uma tendência de quanto maior a área das propriedades, maior é a proporção de estabelecimentos praticantes de agricultura orgânica certificada, dentro do universo de propriedades de tamanho similar. Esse dado mostra que, proporcionalmente, o interesse na certificação orgânica é maior entre as grandes propriedades do que entre as menores. Contudo, no Vale do Ribeira essa tendência não é observada, de maneira que a bananicultura orgânica nessa região é uma atividade predominantemente exercida por pequenos agricultores marginalizados e sem um histórico de aproximação e conhecimento do movimento orgânico. Soma-se a essa questão o fato de que os principais obstáculos à sustentabilidade do sistema agrário da banana no Vale do Ribeira são a falta de meios ecológicos de restauração da fertilidade, visto a descapitalização dos produtores, e a imposição por parte do mercado, sobretudo da cidade de São Paulo, ao cultivo de variedades altamente suscetíveis à sigatoka. Esse problema poderia ser contornado através de medidas que facilitassem o acesso, por parte dos agricultores pobres, a fertilizantes orgânicos e ecológicos, e através de uma maior união dos produtores, que valendo-se da maior aceitação, por parte do mercado de orgânicos, de produtos não usuais, haveria uma maior facilidade de venda dos frutos de cultivares mais resistentes às sigatokas. Situações de pouca informação e integração desses produtores orgânicos dificulta essas ações. / Vale do Ribeira São Paulo is the main banana producing region of Brazil, it is an important area for biodiversity conservation, but also one of the poorest areas of the state. For that reason, new forms of banana cropping, more sustainable, such as organic agriculture for example, are necessary that be considered as a way to promote local development while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Therefore, it is essential that the main problems of the agrarian system in question are clearly known, in order to allow system improvements proposals that are well connected to reality. We discussed these issues, at the scale of region agricultural system, through analysis of data from the last agricultural census of Brazil, conducted by IBGE, for the prior construction of organic agriculture and organic fruit production panorama at the country. Subsequently we conducted 11 case studies which exemplify unique experiences of banana cropping in the region, these studies were combined with agronomic data collected in the first half of 2014, moreover we have done several interviews with key players of Vale do Ribeira banana agricultural system. We found that there is a trend towards the larger the area of properties, the higher proportion of certified organic practice. This data shows that, proportionally, the interest in organic certification is higher among large farms than among minors. Nonetheless, at Vale do Ribeira this trend is not observed, as the region organic banana farming is mainly a small and marginal farmers activity carried on, generally without a historical approach and knowledge of the organic movement. Besides there is the fact that the main sustainability constraints of Vale do Ribeira banana agricultural system are the lack of ecological means of fertility restoration, due to the undercapitalization faced by producers, and the imposition by the market, especially the city of São Paulo, to the cultivation of varieties highly susceptible to sigatoka. This problem could be overcome through means that facilitate the access of poor farmers to organic and ecological manure, and through greater union of producers, taking advantage of the organic market greater acceptance for unusual products, such as the resistant varieties of bananas, where the sales would be easier. Although, the situations of little information and integration of organic producers make these actions difficult.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:16:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARY_ LUCIA_ ADLER_ EWERTON.pdf: 1860382 bytes, checksum: 9c0827ad426465311411b7f5bc0f1bd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-24 / Qualitative study, aiming to address the relationship between family structure and adolescent pregnancy in a systemic approach. Assumes that the family structure operates in the conduct of its members in influencing their decisions. The research was conducted at the Center for Health Care of Adolescents (NASA), the Maternal and Child Unit, and initiated after the approval of the Ethics in Research HU-UFMA. The inclusion criterion was adopted family have a pregnant teenager, between 10 and 19 years in attendance at NASA, Maternal and Child Unit. Families with pregnant adolescents with mental changes, hearing or language, not the object of study. The sample followed the criteria proposed saturation field, having participated in the study were eight families. Data collection was conducted from September to November 2009, initially being held at NASA, as teenagers, and then, in homes with families. Triangulation was made of instruments: semi-structured interviews with adolescents, interviews with families, genogram families and field observation. The method used was content analysis, in the form of thematic analysis for data processing. Some results include: the family speech is greatly effective in how teenagers interact with the risk for becoming pregnant. The nature of the relationship between mothers and daughters present interactional agendas of the previous generation with regard to the topic of sexuality and teenage pregnancy. The subjects of this study point to the structural determinism of family interaction resulting in the choice of becoming pregnant or not pregnant. In most families there was a transgenerationality of teenage pregnancy. The story of mothers operates as a guide and as a context of justification of the behavior of adolescents. It should be emphasized in conclusion that the plot that underlies the behavioral responses of family members is linked in large part to family structure and history shared by its members, sufficient reason for early pregnancy is the subject of a systemic intervention from family stories as preventive procedure. / Estudo qualitativo, tendo como objetivo abordar a relação existente entre estrutura familiar e gravidez na adolescência em um enfoque sistêmico. Parte do pressuposto que a estrutura familiar atua no comportamento dos seus membros influenciando em suas decisões. A pesquisa foi realizada no Núcleo de Atenção à Saúde da Adolescente (NASA), da Unidade Materno-Infantil, sendo iniciada após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa HUUFMA. O critério de inclusão adotado foi ter a família uma adolescente grávida, entre 10 e 19 anos, em atendimento no NASA, Unidade Materno-Infantil. As famílias, com adolescentes grávidas com alterações mentais, auditivas ou de linguagem, não foram objeto do estudo. A amostra seguiu os critérios da metodologia de saturação de campo, tendo participado do estudo oito famílias. A coleta de dados foi efetuada de setembro a novembro de 2009, sendo realizada inicialmente no NASA, com as adolescentes, e, depois, nas residências com as famílias. Foi feita a triangulação de instrumentos: entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as adolescentes, entrevistas abertas com as famílias, genograma das famílias e observação de campo. O método utilizado foi de análise de conteúdo, na modalidade de análise temática para o tratamento dos dados. Entre os resultados, destacam-se: o discurso familiar tem grande eficácia na forma como as adolescentes interagem com a situação de risco para engravidar. A natureza da relação estabelecida entre mães e filhas apresentam pautas interacionais da geração anterior no que se refere ao tema de sexualidade e gravidez na adolescência. Os sujeitos do estudo apontam para o determinismo estrutural resultante da interação familiar na escolha de engravidar ou não engravidar. Na maioria das famílias observou-se a transgeracionalidade da gravidez na adolescência. A história das mães opera como guia e como contexto de justificação do comportamento das adolescentes. Ressalta-se na conclusão que, a trama que subjaz às respostas comportamentais dos membros da família encontra-se vinculada, em grande parte, à estrutura familiar e à história compartilhada pelos membros, razão suficiente para que a gravidez precoce seja objeto de uma intervenção sistêmica a partir das histórias familiares como conduta preventiva.

O Vale do Ribeira paulista é a principal região produtora de banana do Brasil, é uma área importante de conservação da biodiversidade, mas também uma das zonas mais pobres do estado. Assim sendo, é necessário que novas formas de cultivos dessa fruta, mais sustentáveis, como a agricultura orgânica, sejam consideradas como uma forma de promover o desenvolvimento local, minimizando os impactos negativos no ambiente. Para tanto, é imprescindível que os principais problemas do sistema agrário em questão sejam claramente conhecidos, a fim de permitir propostas de melhorias no sistema que sejam bem aderidas à realidade. Essas questões foram aqui discutidas na escala do sistema agrário da região, através de análises dos dados do último censo agropecuário do Brasil, realizado pelo IBGE, para a construção prévia de um panorama da agricultura orgânica e da fruticultura orgânica no país. Posteriormente foram conduzidos 11 estudos de caso, os quais exemplificam experiências singulares de cultivo da bananeira na região. Esses estudos foram combinados com parâmetros agronômicos mensurados no primeiro semestre de 2014, além de diversas entrevistas realizadas com agentes chave do sistema agrário da bananicultura do Vale do Ribeira. Foi encontrado que no país todo há uma tendência de quanto maior a área das propriedades, maior é a proporção de estabelecimentos praticantes de agricultura orgânica certificada, dentro do universo de propriedades de tamanho similar. Esse dado mostra que, proporcionalmente, o interesse na certificação orgânica é maior entre as grandes propriedades do que entre as menores. Contudo, no Vale do Ribeira essa tendência não é observada, de maneira que a bananicultura orgânica nessa região é uma atividade predominantemente exercida por pequenos agricultores marginalizados e sem um histórico de aproximação e conhecimento do movimento orgânico. Soma-se a essa questão o fato de que os principais obstáculos à sustentabilidade do sistema agrário da banana no Vale do Ribeira são a falta de meios ecológicos de restauração da fertilidade, visto a descapitalização dos produtores, e a imposição por parte do mercado, sobretudo da cidade de São Paulo, ao cultivo de variedades altamente suscetíveis à sigatoka. Esse problema poderia ser contornado através de medidas que facilitassem o acesso, por parte dos agricultores pobres, a fertilizantes orgânicos e ecológicos, e através de uma maior união dos produtores, que valendo-se da maior aceitação, por parte do mercado de orgânicos, de produtos não usuais, haveria uma maior facilidade de venda dos frutos de cultivares mais resistentes às sigatokas. Situações de pouca informação e integração desses produtores orgânicos dificulta essas ações. / Vale do Ribeira São Paulo is the main banana producing region of Brazil, it is an important area for biodiversity conservation, but also one of the poorest areas of the state. For that reason, new forms of banana cropping, more sustainable, such as organic agriculture for example, are necessary that be considered as a way to promote local development while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Therefore, it is essential that the main problems of the agrarian system in question are clearly known, in order to allow system improvements proposals that are well connected to reality. We discussed these issues, at the scale of region agricultural system, through analysis of data from the last agricultural census of Brazil, conducted by IBGE, for the prior construction of organic agriculture and organic fruit production panorama at the country. Subsequently we conducted 11 case studies which exemplify unique experiences of banana cropping in the region, these studies were combined with agronomic data collected in the first half of 2014, moreover we have done several interviews with key players of Vale do Ribeira banana agricultural system. We found that there is a trend towards the larger the area of properties, the higher proportion of certified organic practice. This data shows that, proportionally, the interest in organic certification is higher among large farms than among minors. Nonetheless, at Vale do Ribeira this trend is not observed, as the region organic banana farming is mainly a small and marginal farmers activity carried on, generally without a historical approach and knowledge of the organic movement. Besides there is the fact that the main sustainability constraints of Vale do Ribeira banana agricultural system are the lack of ecological means of fertility restoration, due to the undercapitalization faced by producers, and the imposition by the market, especially the city of São Paulo, to the cultivation of varieties highly susceptible to sigatoka. This problem could be overcome through means that facilitate the access of poor farmers to organic and ecological manure, and through greater union of producers, taking advantage of the organic market greater acceptance for unusual products, such as the resistant varieties of bananas, where the sales would be easier. Although, the situations of little information and integration of organic producers make these actions difficult.

<p>Energy management has become a major concern in the past two decades with the increasing energy prices, overutilization of natural resources and increased carbon emissions. According to the department of Energy the industrial sector solely consumes 22.4% of the energy produced in the country [1]. This calls for an urgent need for the industries to design and implement energy efficient practices by analyzing the energy consumption, electricity data and making use of energy efficient equipment. Although, utility companies are providing incentives to consumer participating in Demand Response programs, there isn’t an active implementation of energy management principles from the consumer’s side. Technological advancements in controls, automation, optimization and big data can be harnessed to achieve this which in other words is referred to as “Smart Manufacturing”. In this research energy management techniques have been designed for two SEU (Significant Energy Use) equipment HVAC systems, Compressors and load shifting in manufacturing environments using control and optimization.</p> <p>The addressed energy management techniques associated with each of the SEUs are very generic in nature which make them applicable for most of the industries. Firstly, the loads or the energy consuming equipment has been categorized into flexible and non-flexible loads based on their priority level and flexibility in running schedule. For the flexible loads, an optimal load scheduler has been modelled using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) method that find carries out load shifting by using the predicted demand of the rest of the plant and scheduling the loads during the low demand periods. The cases of interruptible loads and non-interruptible have been solved to demonstrate load shifting. This essentially resulted in lowering the peak demand and hence cost savings for both “Time-of-Use” and Demand based price schemes. </p> <p>The compressor load sharing problem was next considered for optimal distribution of loads among VFD equipped compressors running in parallel to meet the demand. The model is based on MILP problem and case studies was carried out for heavy duty (>10HP) and light duty compressors (<=10HP). Using the compressor scheduler, there was about 16% energy and cost saving for the light duty compressors and 14.6% for the heavy duty compressors</p> <p>HVAC systems being one of the major energy consumer in manufacturing industries was modelled using the generic lumped parameter method. An Electroplating facility named Electro-Spec was modelled in Simulink and was validated using the real data that was collected from the facility. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was about 0.39 for the model which is suitable for implementing controllers for the purpose of energy management. MATLAB and Simulink were used to design and implement the state-of-the-art Model Predictive Control for the purpose of energy efficient control. The MPC was chosen due to its ability to easily handle Multi Input Multi Output Systems, system constraints and its optimal nature. The MPC resulted in a temperature response with a rise time of 10 minutes and a steady state error of less than 0.001. Also from the input response, it was observed that the MPC provided just enough input for the temperature to stay at the set point and as a result led to about 27.6% energy and cost savings. Thus this research has a potential of energy and cost savings and can be readily applied to most of the manufacturing industries that use HVAC, Compressors and machines as their primary energy consumer.</p><br>