L’empreinte humaine sur Terre est si profonde qu’elle entraine des changements environnementaux qui affectent et modifient le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Parmi tous les biotopes, les écosystèmes aquatiques continentaux sont des habitats remarquables qui abritent une grande biodiversité, mais qui sont aussi les plus menacés par les activitéshumaines. Les principales causes de la perte de qualité de l'eau et de la perturbation des ces écosystèmes comprennent la pollution des eaux et l'introduction d'espèces exotiques. La partie première partie de ce travail de thèse a montré des invasions parasitaires sur les populations de tortues d'eau douce indigènes, transmis par des espèces de tortues introduites. De plus, la nécessité d'étudier et de décrire les nouvelles espèces de parasites invasives avec des techniques plus performantes a été soulignée. La deuxième partie de cette thèse a consisté en l'élaboration d'un outil pour évaluer l'état de la santé des populations de tortues d'eau douce sauvages, ce qui reflète également le niveau de contamination des cours d'eau. / Human imprint on Earth is actually so profound leading global environmental changes that affects and modifies the functioning of ecosystems. Among the natural biomes, freshwater ecosystems are remarkable habitats that comprise great species biodiversity but are also the most threatened by human activities. The main causes of the loss of water quality anddisruption of freshwater ecosystems includes water pollution and the introduction of alien species. The fisrt part of this thesis showed invasion of parasites on native freshwater turtle populations, carried by introduced turtle species. Furthermore, it highlighted the necessary to study and describe the new invasive parasite species with more performant technics. The second part of this thesis consisted in the development of a tool to evaluate the status of thehealth of wild freshwater turtle populations, allowed also the level of contamination of the watercourses.

Common to certain poems of John Donne and T. S. Eliot is the expression of a desire for a unity of experience which will involve a reconciliation of the apparently contradictory demands of flesh and spirit. In an early poem, Eliot aligns himself with the poetic sensibility he perceives in Donne, a spiritual suffering expressed in sensory terms in the image of “the anguish of the marrow". The poetry of each poet develops the analysis of thought and feeling involved in the search for unifying, transcendent experience: in the poems of Donne dealing with profane and divine love, the relationships between man and woman, and man and God, are explored with wit and dramatic fervour; in the dramatic dialogues of the early poems of Eliot, the poetic persona seeks spiritual purpose in a world apparently devoid of belief and meaning. Comparison of poetic vision and method in Donne and Eliot is most valid in examination of the two long poems, Donne's Anniversaries and Eliot’s Four Quartets. In these poems, an anatomization of the mutable, spiritually dead world is contrasted with the progress of the poet's own soul toward an understanding of divine love; divine love is seen to demand imitation of the suffering incarnate principle of virtue, symbolized by Donne as the maiden Elizabeth Drury, and by Eliot as the Incarnation of God. Similarity of technique in each poem consists in the use of a dialectical method of developing themes and definitions of "death", "birth", "wisdom", "love" and "joy". The imagery used by both poets involves paradoxes basic to Christian theodicy: death-as-life, darkness-as-light, ignorance-as-wisdom, suffering-as-love. The expression of his belief is seen by each poet as a holy task, in which the drawing of all experience into a new unity is imitative of the divine unifying order. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

This study attempts to determine what is the basic feature of Romanticism and in what relation to it Charles Baudelaire and T. S. Eliot stand. Since few terms are as misunderstood and as weighed down with numerous and contradictory meanings as Romanticism, this thesis begins by trying to "reconstruct the Romantic situation" and turns to its major aesthetician, Friedrich Schlegel, in order to discover in what the revolutionary new outlook consisted. The fundamental characteristic of Romanticism, that which distinguishes it from all other literary and cultural movements, is here maintained to be the awareness of fragmentation, of division, and of chaos. The great important realization of Romanticism was of the modern world's and man's fragmentation and disunity in contrast to the wholeness and order of the distant past. The task which it assigned itself was to strive for a reintegration of the severed forces — Spirit and Nature — in a new synthesis that would, in turn, create a new man and a new world. In seeking to achieve this harmony, Romanticism turned to symbol, myth, and religion. Two of the most important and influential poets of the modern age, Baudelaire and Eliot, were deeply entrenched in the Romantic Weltanschauung and tradition, although while the former was consciously and progressively so, the. latter was an unconscious and reactionary Romantic. Both poets continue that tradition by virtue of their essential awareness of the duality of man or, in Eliot's phrase, of the "dissociation of sensibility". The two fundamental principles of life and art, Spirit and Nature, are continually operative in their work and strive for harmony in their conflict. The conclusion to which this thesis comes, however, is that neither poet fully realized the Romantic goal: the harmony of Spirit and Nature. The two forces co-habit in their verse, but never surpass conflict in a higher third synthesis. The reason for this failure, it is maintained, is their misunderstanding of Nature. Both poets were hostile to and biased against Nature, preferring the exclusiveness of the Spirit. As a result, Baudelaire sought the way of transformation of Nature and Eliot the way of sublimation of Nature. With Eliot Romanticism came to a dead end, disavowing itself consciously yet tormented by its ever-pressing vision of the fragmentariness of man and art. Eliot, sought to heal the Romantic agony in a way which was not unorthodox for Romantics — conversion and conservatism. But the dilemma which the Romantic vision reveals so clearly — the dissociation of Spirit and Nature — has not thus been solved for modern man. This thesis maintains that Nature must be re-examined and re-understood for poetry to receive a new lease on life in our day. Only thereby will Romanticism once again find a new opening for creation. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

This dissertation addresses the ontological significance of poetry in the thought of Martin Heidegger (1889 – 1976). It gives an account of both his earlier and later thinking. The central argument of the dissertation is that poetry, as conceptualised by Heidegger, is beneficial and necessary for the living of an authentic life. The poetry of T. S Eliot (1888 – 1965) features as a sustaining voice throughout the dissertation to validate Heidegger’s ideas and also to demonstrate the uncanny similarity characterising the work of the two men. Chapter one demonstrates how effectively certain concepts from Heidegger’s Being and Time can be applied in an analysis of T.S. Eliot’s celebrated poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The reading involves concepts such as angst, authenticity, inauthenticty, the they and idle talk as they appear in Being and Time and then relates these to aspects of T.S Eliot’s poem. The chapter also enables the reader to perceive the meaning of authenticity and what the authentic life is for Heidegger. Chapter two is an exegesis of Heidegger’s essay The Origin of the Work of Art in order to understand the meaning of poetry as he describes it. The essay centres on the interpretation of a painting by Vincent van Gogh, and what the experience of the painting reveals to someone authentically engaging with the artwork. Heidegger attempts to establish what the essence of a ‘thing’ is (the artwork is a thing), for the origin of the artwork resides in its thingliness. He creates an important distinction between equipment and the artwork as well as earth and the world in order to justify the unique, originary position that the artwork occupies. This leads Heidegger to create a new understanding of poetry (which is expanded to encompass all art forms) and to emphasise the importance of the human agent in both the creation and preservation of the artwork. Chapter three is an exploration of language in both the Heidegger of Being and Time and the later Heidegger’s thought. The aim is to explore the ontological effect that Heidegger’s conception of language has for our existence. He places language within a primordial role in that it is no longer we who speak language, but language that speaks us. This conception has important consequences for our relationship with Being, and the way in which we understand our existence. Another important component of this chapter is the discussion centred on what Heidegger refers to as ‘technological enframing’ (Gestell) and how this adversely restricts the possibilities of language. Language and thought are inextricable phenomena and if their potentiality and possibility are impaired then this will have a detrimental affect on our existence. The final chapter deals with all the themes discussed and serves to unify the various elements of the dissertation into a cohesive argument. The chapter begins with a discussion on the meaning of our existence following the later Heidegger. This is nothing less than the guardianship of Being which can only be understood in its relation to our dwelling within the ‘fourfold’. The terms dwelling, the fourfold, possibility, authenticity (the context of this term has altered somewhat from its initial conception in chapter one) and measure are given special attention, and these terms are unified through Heidegger’s ‘poetic dwelling’ which comes to the fore and serves as the key concept for the chapter. Thus, it is through the measure of the language of poetry that we can realise the possibility of authentic dwelling. / Dissertation (Magister Artium (Philosophy))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Philosophy / unrestricted

Thomas Stearns Eliot wrote only seven dramatic works, which include the unfinished fragments Sweeny Agonistes and the pageant play, The Rock. These works show the ways Eliot put into practice his own theories about the relationship of drama and verse. Although their relative merits are the subject of considerable critical controversy, each play affords a rich theatrical experience. This study attempts to assess the real value of Eliot’s work and seeks to explore the relationship between his avowed intentions to communicate in the theatre, and the finished product of his labors. Necessarily, we must examine his views on art, religion, drama, and verse because all of these are part of the creative process.

T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound are two of the most prominent figures of Anglo-American modernist poetry, both having played central roles in the development of a distinct poetic style and atmosphere in the early 20th century by means of their publishing and editing the work of other poets as well as publishing their own poetry. However, Eliot and Pound have an interest in the classical world that is not clearly shared with the majority of other modernist poets, and this interest distinguishes the sense of "modernism" that Eliot and Pound promoted from that of other major modernists like William Carlos Williams. The general notion of modernism representing a radical break from tradition is, in the works of Eliot and Pound, not at all obvious despite the two poets' shared status at the forefront of Anglo-American modernist poetry. This thesis explores the aesthetic theories that Eliot and Pound describe in their prose works and compares them with the aesthetic theories of other modernist poets to illustrate how Eliot and Pound appreciate the past, and in particular the classical world, in ways that other modernists simply do not.

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Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira / Resumo: Esta tese propõe projetos de controle H∞ chaveado para uma classe de sistemas não lineares incertos descritos por modelos fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) com funções de pertinência desconhecidas. Os projetos de controle necessitam somente dos limites inferiores e superiores das não linearidades do sistema, que podem depender de parâmetros incertos da planta. Em diversas aplicações práticas, em virtude das restrições operacionais dos equipamentos, no projeto de controle é necessário considerar que a lei de controle está sujeita à saturação do atuador. Primeiramente, utilizando uma metodologia encontrada na literatura para resolver o problema da saturação do atuador, propõe-se uma lei de controle chaveada que escolhe um ganho do controlador de realimentação do vetor de estado, que pertence a um conjunto de ganhos conhecidos, que minimiza a derivada da função de Lyapunov do tipo quadrática. Este procedimento elimina a necessidade de encontrar as expressões das funções de pertinência para implementar a lei de controle, garante um desempenho H∞ ao sistema realimentado e assegura que as trajetórias do vetor de estado permanecem dentro de uma região de operação na qual o modelo fuzzy T-S é válido. Adicionalmente, adota-se uma outra metodologia para resolver o problema da saturação do atuador, que utiliza o sinal de controle para compor um vetor de estado expandido. Desta forma, os limites do sinal de controle fazem parte da região de operação na qual o sistema não linear incerto é exatame... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis proposes local H∞ switched control designs for a class of uncertain nonlinear plants described by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models with unknown membership functions. The control designs require only the lower and upper bounds of the system nonlinearities and of the system linear parameters, which can depend on uncertain parameters. In practical applications, due to the operational restrictions of the equipments, in the control design, it is necessary to consider that the control law is subject to actuator saturation. First, using a methodology found in the literature to solve the actuator saturation problem, one proposes a switched control law that chooses a state-feedback controller gain, which belongs to a given set of gains, that minimizes the time derivative of a quadratic Lyapunov function. This procedure eliminates the necessity of finding the membership function expressions to implement the control law, guarantees an H∞ performance and ensures that the state trajectory remains within a region in which the T-S fuzzy model is valid. In addition, the actuator saturation problem is approached with another methodology, using the control signal to compose an extended state vector. Then, the region in which the uncertain nonlinear system is exactly represented via T-S fuzzy models is composed by the bounds of the control signal. A switched control law, which chooses an extended state-feedback controller gain, is proposed. The design conditions avoid the presence o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by DIOGO RAMALHO DE OLIVEIRA null (diogo.oliveira.ee@gmail.com) on 2017-06-22T14:35:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Diogo.pdf: 2317981 bytes, checksum: fa048901c893f57ba87ceec19383ae14 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-06-22T17:28:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_dr_dr_ilha.pdf: 2317981 bytes, checksum: fa048901c893f57ba87ceec19383ae14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T17:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_dr_dr_ilha.pdf: 2317981 bytes, checksum: fa048901c893f57ba87ceec19383ae14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Esta tese propõe projetos de controle H∞ chaveado para uma classe de sistemas não lineares incertos descritos por modelos fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) com funções de pertinência desconhecidas. Os projetos de controle necessitam somente dos limites inferiores e superiores das não linearidades do sistema, que podem depender de parâmetros incertos da planta. Em diversas aplicações práticas, em virtude das restrições operacionais dos equipamentos, no projeto de controle é necessário considerar que a lei de controle está sujeita à saturação do atuador. Primeiramente, utilizando uma metodologia encontrada na literatura para resolver o problema da saturação do atuador, propõe-se uma lei de controle chaveada que escolhe um ganho do controlador de realimentação do vetor de estado, que pertence a um conjunto de ganhos conhecidos, que minimiza a derivada da função de Lyapunov do tipo quadrática. Este procedimento elimina a necessidade de encontrar as expressões das funções de pertinência para implementar a lei de controle, garante um desempenho H∞ ao sistema realimentado e assegura que as trajetórias do vetor de estado permanecem dentro de uma região de operação na qual o modelo fuzzy T-S é válido. Adicionalmente, adota-se uma outra metodologia para resolver o problema da saturação do atuador, que utiliza o sinal de controle para compor um vetor de estado expandido. Desta forma, os limites do sinal de controle fazem parte da região de operação na qual o sistema não linear incerto é exatamente representado via modelos fuzzy T-S. Uma lei de controle chaveada, que utiliza a realimentação do vetor de estado expandido, é proposta. As condições de projeto evitam a presença de uma possível descontinuidade do sinal de controle, eliminam a necessidade de obter as expressões das funções de pertinência para implementar a lei de controle, garantem um desempenho H∞ e asseguram que as trajetórias do vetor de estado e do sinal de controle permanecem dentro de uma região de operação na qual o modelo fuzzy T-S é válido. Por fim, três exemplos são apresentados. O primeiro exemplo estuda o controle de um sistema caótico denominado Lorenz. Mostra que, para distúrbios de grande magnitude, os procedimentos propostos apresentaram melhores resultados do que os obtidos com outro método recentemente encontrado na literatura, que considera o pleno acesso às funções de pertinência. No segundo exemplo, uma implementação prática em um sistema de controle de uma suspensão ativa de bancada, considerando uma mola não linear e falha no atuador, confirma a eficácia da abordagem proposta. O último exemplo utiliza um pêndulo invertido para abordar o problema de controle considerando a estabilidade local do sistema. As simulações ilustram que o esquema proposto, que utiliza o vetor de estado expandido, é capaz de evitar uma possível descontinuidade do sinal de controle. / This thesis proposes local H∞ switched control designs for a class of uncertain nonlinear plants described by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models with unknown membership functions. The control designs require only the lower and upper bounds of the system nonlinearities and of the system linear parameters, which can depend on uncertain parameters. In practical applications, due to the operational restrictions of the equipments, in the control design, it is necessary to consider that the control law is subject to actuator saturation. First, using a methodology found in the literature to solve the actuator saturation problem, one proposes a switched control law that chooses a state-feedback controller gain, which belongs to a given set of gains, that minimizes the time derivative of a quadratic Lyapunov function. This procedure eliminates the necessity of finding the membership function expressions to implement the control law, guarantees an H∞ performance and ensures that the state trajectory remains within a region in which the T-S fuzzy model is valid. In addition, the actuator saturation problem is approached with another methodology, using the control signal to compose an extended state vector. Then, the region in which the uncertain nonlinear system is exactly represented via T-S fuzzy models is composed by the bounds of the control signal. A switched control law, which chooses an extended state-feedback controller gain, is proposed. The design conditions avoid the presence of a possible discontinuity of the control signal, eliminate the necessity of finding the membership function expressions to implement the control law, guarantee an H∞ performance and ensure that the state trajectory and the control signal remain within a region in which the T-S fuzzy model is valid. Finally, three examples are presented. The first example studies the control of a chaotic Lorenz system. It shows that, for disturbances with large magnitude, the proposed procedures provided better results than the obtained with another recent method found in the literature, that considers full access to the membership functions. In the second example, a practical implementation of an active suspension control system, considering a nonlinear spring and an actuator fault, confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The last example uses an inverted pendulum system to address the local stability control problem. The simulations illustrate that the control scheme, which uses the extended state vector, is able to avoid a possible discontinuity of the control signal. / CNPq: 142035/2013-0