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No. of bitstreams: 1 AndressaNoronhaBarbosaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1896861 bytes, checksum: 99c48f0bacf1b085ddc38eb30d2cd4b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A distribui??o da fauna triatom?nica e a infec??o natural pelo Trypanosoma cruzi foi avaliada visando compreender a din?mica de transmiss?o deste parasito na zona rural do estado do Rio Grande do Norte e, a pesquisa do Trypanosoma rangeli tamb?m foi investigada. As capturas de triatom?neos nos ambientes, silvestre, peridomiciliar e domiciliar de diferentes munic?pios das mesorregi?es central e oeste desse estado. Os insetos foram identificados e examinados pelo m?todo direto, xenocultura e PCR para a identifica??o do T. cruzi. Para a detec??o do T. rangeli foi realizado o exame direto da hemolinfa e a PCR multiplex de 151 esp?cimes infectados pelo T. cruzi. Dos 824 insetos capturados, as esp?cies foram distribu?das em T. brasiliensis (66,4%), T. pseudomaculata (18,2%), Panstrongylus lutzi (12,7%) e Rhodnius nasutus (2,7%), e o T. brasiliensis foi encontrado na maioria dos munic?pios avaliados. As esp?cies foram capturadas nos est?gios de ninfa e adulto, exceto P. lutzi, exclusivamente no est?gio adulto. No ambiente silvestre foram capturadas as esp?cies T. brasiliensis (57%), P. lutzi (28%) e T. pseudomaculata (15%). No ambiente peridomiciliar foram identificadas T. brasiliensis (74%), T. pseudomaculata (21%) e R. nasutus (5,0%), enquanto no intradomic?lio somente o T. brasiliensis. O ?ndice de infec??o dos triatom?neos pelo T. cruzi foi 30,4%, o P. lutzi mostrou o ?ndice mais elevado (78,0%), seguida do T. brasiliensis (24,4%), T. pseudomaculata (22,6%) e R. nasutus (4,5%). Os ?ndices de triatom?neos infectados nos ambientes silvestre, peridomiciliar e domiciliar foram 41,8%, 20,1% e 50,0%, respectivamente. O T. rangeli foi detectado apenas pela PCR multiplex em 2,6% (4/151) dos insetos examinados, desses 4,4% (3/67) foram de T. brasiliensis e 1,5% (1/63) de P. lutzi. Os dados mostraram que a positividade do P. lutzi aliada a sua capacidade de invadir o domic?lio atra?do pela luz, sugere uma prov?vel participa??o deste inseto no interc?mbio entre os ciclos epidemiol?gicos de transmiss?o do T. cruzi. A esp?cie T. brasiliensis foi a ?nica presente em todos os ambientes, o que refor?a sua import?ncia em rela??o ? capacidade de adapta??o ao ambiente dom?stico, potencial como vetor e manuten??o dos ciclos de transmiss?o silvestre e dom?stico no semi?rido indicando a necessidade de a??es cont?nuas na vigil?ncia epidemiol?gica. A ocorr?ncia do T. rangeli em T. brasiliensis e P. lutzi foi registrada pela primeira vez na zona rural deste estado, ampliando a ?rea de ocorr?ncia deste protozo?rio no nordeste do Brasil. / The triatomine fauna distribution and the natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated aiming the comprehension of the transmission dynamics of this parasite in the countryside of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Additionally, the research for Trypanosoma rangeli was also investigated. The captures of triatomines were performed at sylvatic, peridomicile and domicile environments at different municipalities of the central and western mesoregions of this state. The insects were identified and examined by direct method, xenoculture and PCR to detect T. cruzi. The detection of T. rangeli was performed by direct examination of the hemolymph and multiplex PCR of 151 positive specimens for T. cruzi. Of 824 captured insects, the species were distributed in Triatoma brasiliensis (66.4%), Triatoma pseudomaculata (18.2%), Panstrongylus lutzi (12.7%) and Rhodnius nasutus (2.7%), and T. brasiliensis was found in most of the evaluated municipalities. The species were captured at nymph and adult stages, except P. lutzi, exclusively in adult stage. In the sylvatic environment were captured T. brasiliensis (57%), P. lutzi (28%) and T. pseudomaculata (15%) species. At the peridomicile environment were identified T. brasiliensis (74%), T. pseudomaculata (21%) and R. nasutus (5.0%), while in the intradomicile was found only T. brasiliensis. The infection rate of triatomines by T. cruzi was 30.4%, P. lutzi showed highest rate (78%), followed by T. brasiliensis (24.4%), T. pseudomaculata (22.6%) and R. nasutus (4.5%). Infected triatomines indexes at silvatic, peridomicile and domicile environments were of 41.8%, 20.1% and 50.0%, respectively. T. rangeli was only detected by multiplex PCR in 2.6% (4/151) of examined insects, of these 4.4% (3/67) were T. brasiliensis and 1.5% (1/63) P. lutzi species. The data showed that the positivity of P. lutzi allied to its ability to invade domicile attracted by light, suggests a likely participation of this insect between epidemiological transmission cycles of T. cruzi. T. brasiliensis was the only specie present in all environments, what reinforces its importance related to the capacity for adapting to the domestic environment, potential as a vector, and maintenance of sylvatic and domestic transmissions cycles in the semiarid, indicating the necessity of continuous epidemiological surveillance. The presence of T. rangeli in T. brasiliensis and P. lutzi was first recorded in rural zone of this State, broadening the area of occurrence of this protozoan in northeastern Brazil.