91 |
Investigation on Improved Tapping Life in Automotive Die Cast Aluminum-Silicon Alloy ApplicationsBarooah, Rohan January 2018 (has links)
In the automotive industry, Al-Si alloy is widely used for manufacturing of various engine parts. Machinability of die-cast Al-12Si alloy is challenging due to severe abrasion and adhesion wear of the tools. Form tapping is a common method for generating internal threads in engine blocks. It is usually a finishing process on a production line. An unexpected tap failure may lead to significant scrap and high rework costs.
The objective of this research was to investigate the wear mechanisms of high-speed steel form taps when machining Al-12Si alloy. This research involved replicating the same process conditions as the industry partner to determine a feasible solution without changing the tap geometry or process parameters.
A critical region of wear on the crest was identified where the aluminum adhesion was acute. Intense abrasion wear occurred on the crest and flanks due to hard silicon precipitates. In this study, two methods were proposed for measuring linear and volumetric wear on the chamfered threads. The second and third chamfered threads experienced the most significant wear on the tap.
To improve wear-resistance of the form tap, PVD surface coatings were deposited on it. The preliminary tests of 12 surface coatings showed coating-delamination mostly on the critical region. A progressive wear study of the TiAlN coating showed an improvement in tap performance over the ZrN coating currently used. By the 4320th hole, the volumetric wear of the TiAlN coated tap was reduced by nearly 200% and 50% when compared against the uncoated and ZrN coated taps, respectively. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
|
92 |
Estudios de degradación y alterabilidad de rocas blandas y su aplicación a la estabilidad de taludes en facies TAP dentro de la Comunidad ValencianaGarrigós Sanchis, Fernando 27 May 2015 (has links)
[EN] This work stems from conversations with engineers and technicians from various government agencies and observation of pathologies in road cuttings and excavated materials Facies Tap the railroad. These connectors undergo degradation processes much faster. This has an economic impact on the maintenance of the road network and also on the safety of the same.
Therefore, the overall objective of this thesis is the characterization of soft, evolutionary and argillaceous rocks, which are the Tap Facies the southern province of Valencia and the northern half of the province of Alicante, taking as a starting point field criteria and standard laboratory tests that allow to predict the behavior of connectors (associated civil works) to be built in this material medium and long term.
The soft rock, clay component, variably carbonated, are one of the most common types of sedimentary rocks, and our geography occur frequently, alternating with well cemented limestone banks, constituting the Facies Tap that are Miocene geological epoch.
Not currently has a complete classification for such materials, nor is there a standard test or criterion to assess the potential degradation of these materials and their behavior at work.
Thus, it has revised the existing classifications and a new classification of these rocks based on petrological-textural criteria is proposed.
The new classification of these materials better application in geological and geomechanical characterization of Facies Tap reasonably to help predict what will be the behavior of the slope medium to long term, compared to surface erosion and degradation.
In order to characterize these materials have been several campaigns characterization and field sampling on different clearings in Facies Tap. From the data obtained was drawn excavated connectors rated according to the intensity of degradation and alteration of its surface. The connectors are grouped into five categories. The purpose of this inventory is to validate indices degradability of rocks obtained in the laboratory, and moreover validate the textural classification of these materials and their potential to predict their degradability and erodibility in the clearing.
Finally, characterized durability of the samples obtained using the Slake Durability Test (SDT), and otherwise, the samples have been characterized mineralogically and chemically by light microscopy thin section electron microscopy and EDS. We have also carried out a large number of other geotechnical testing to determine identification parameters, state, deformability, strength, durability and chemical components. / [ES] Este trabajo surge a raíz de conversaciones con ingenieros y técnicos pertenecientes a distintos organismos oficiales y de la observación de patologías en desmontes de carretera y ferrocarril excavados en materiales de las Facies Tap.
Estos desmontes experimentan procesos de degradación de forma más o menos rápida. Este hecho tiene una incidencia económica en el mantenimiento de la red viaria y también sobre la seguridad de la misma.
Por ello, el objetivo global de la presente tesis es la caracterización de las rocas blandas, evolutivas y arcillosas, que constituyen las Facies Tap del sur de la provincia de Valencia y de la mitad septentrional de la provincia de Alicante, tomando como punto de partida criterios de campo y ensayos habituales de laboratorio, que permitan predecir cuál será el comportamiento de los desmontes (asociados a obras civiles) que se construyan en este material a medio y largo plazo.
Las rocas blandas, de componente arcillosa, variablemente carbonatada, son uno de los tipos más comunes de rocas sedimentarias, y en nuestra geografía se presentan con frecuencia, alternando con bancos de calizas bien cementadas, constituyendo las Facies Tap que son de época geológica Mioceno.
Actualmente no se dispone de una clasificación completa para este tipo de materiales, así como tampoco existe un ensayo estándar o criterio que evalúe el potencial de degradación de estos materiales y su comportamiento en obra.
Así, se ha revisado las clasificaciones existentes y se propone una nueva clasificación de estas rocas basada en criterios petrológico-texturales.
La nueva clasificación de estos materiales presenta una mejor aplicación en la caracterización geológica y geomecánica de las Facies Tap que ayude a predecir razonablemente cuál va a ser el comportamiento del talud a medio-largo plazo, frente a los procesos superficiales de erosión y degradación.
Con el objeto de caracterizar estos materiales se han realizado diversas campañas de caracterización de campo y de toma de muestras, sobre distintos desmontes en Facies Tap.
A partir de los datos obtenidos se ha elaborado clasificación de desmontes excavados en función de la intensidad de los procesos de alteración y degradación de su superficie. Los desmontes se han agrupado en cinco categorías. El objetivo de este inventario es validar los índices de degradabilidad de las rocas obtenidos en el laboratorio, y por otra parte validar la clasificación textural de estos materiales y su potencialidad para predecir su degradabilidad y la erosionabilidad en los desmontes.
Por último, se ha caracterizado la durabilidad de las muestras obtenidas utilizando el Slake Durability Test (SDT), y por otra parte, las muestras han sido caracterizadas mineralógicamente y químicamente mediante microscopia óptica en lámina delgada y microscopia electrónica con EDS. Además se han llevado a cabo un número elevado de otros ensayos geotécnicos para determinar parámetros de identificación, estado, deformabilidad, resistencia, durabilidad y componentes químicos. / [CA] Aquest treball sorgeix arran de converses amb enginyers i tècnics pertanyents a diferents organismes oficials i de l'observació de patologies en desmunts de carretera i ferrocarril excavats en materials de les Fàcies Tap.
Aquests desmunts experimenten processos de degradació de forma més o menys ràpida. Aquest fet té una incidència econòmica en el manteniment de la xarxa viària i també sobre la seguretat de la mateixa.
Per això, l'objectiu global de la present tesi és la caracterització de les roques toves, evolutives i argiloses, que constitueixen les Fàcies Tap del sud de la província de València i de la meitat septentrional de la província d'Alacant, prenent com a punt de partida criteris de camp i assajos habituals de laboratori, que permetin predir quin serà el comportament dels desmunts (associats a obres civils) que es construeixin en aquest material a mitjà i llarg termini.
Les roques toves, de component argilosa, variablement carbonatada, són un dels tipus més comuns de roques sedimentàries, i en la nostra geografia es presenten amb freqüència, alternant amb bancs de calcàries ben cimentades, constituint les Fàcies Tap que són d'època geològica Miocè.
Actualment no es disposa d'una classificació completa per a aquest tipus de materials, així com tampoc hi ha un assaig estàndard o criteri que avaluï el potencial de degradació d'aquests materials i el seu comportament en obra.
Així, s'ha revisat les classificacions existents i es proposa una nova classificació d'aquestes roques basada en criteris petrològic-texturals.
La nova classificació d'aquests materials presenta una millor aplicació en la caracterització geològica i geomecànica de les fàcies Tap que ajudi a predir raonablement quin serà el comportament del talús a mitjà-llarg termini, enfront dels processos superficials d'erosió i degradació.
Amb l'objecte de caracteritzar aquests materials s'han realitzat diverses campanyes de caracterització de camp i de presa de mostres, sobre diferents desmunts en Fàcies Tap.
A partir de les dades obtingudes s'ha elaborat classificació de desmunts excavats en funció de la intensitat dels processos d'alteració i degradació de la seva superfície. Els desmunts s'han agrupat en cinc categories. L'objectiu d'aquest inventari és validar els índexs de degradabilitat de les roques obtinguts en el laboratori, i per altra banda validar la classificació textural d'aquests materials i la seva potencialitat per predir la seva degradabilitat i l'erosionabilitat en els desmunts.
Finalment, s'ha caracteritzat la durabilitat de les mostres obtingudes utilitzant el Slake Durability Test (SDT), i per altra banda, les mostres han estat caracteritzades Mineralògicament i químicament mitjançant microscòpia òptica en làmina prima i microscòpia electrònica amb EDS. A més s'han dut a terme un nombre elevat d'altres assajos geotècnics per determinar paràmetres d'identificació, estat, deformabilitat, resistència, durabilitat i components químics. / Garrigós Sanchis, F. (2015). Estudios de degradación y alterabilidad de rocas blandas y su aplicación a la estabilidad de taludes en facies TAP dentro de la Comunidad Valenciana [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/50818
|
93 |
Estudio de la intención emprendedora en el ámbito científico público. El caso de las ciencias de la vida en EspañaRodríguez Batalla, Fidel 01 September 2015 (has links)
[EN] Predicting entrepreneurial behaviour within the environment of public sector research is considered to be of great interest, because this is what will determine the creation of new technology-based start-ups - often known as spin-offs - in universities, hospitals and other public research bodies. In the framework of the knowledge economy, and specifically in the life sciences sector, or "bioeconomy" (European Commission, 2012), the creation and development of a biotech company is considered an extremely useful technology transfer mechanism (Coduras et al., 2006; Morales-Gualdrón, 2008; Pisano, 2006). Said company's progress depends on the determination of the researchers behind it, given that creating a company is ultimately the personal decision of the entrepreneur. In most of the studies on entrepreneurship, the psychological process which leads an individual to "take the plunge" and set up a new company has been left to one side (Liñán et al., 2007; Moriano et al., 2008).
How this process takes shape is expressed in the contemporary models of entrepreneurial intention (Krueger et al., 2006). According to Shaver (2012), entrepreneurial action is rooted in a number of background factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic to the entrepreneur, which shape his/her behaviour. This doctoral thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon of spin-off creation from the perspective of those factors which are intrinsic to the entrepreneur, analysing and providing evidence related to the entrepreneurial intention of public sector researchers in life sciences (or "bioresearchers"), and the characteristic features and motivating factors that, when considering which direction to take professionally, may cause them to view the setting up of a biotech company an ideal option (Shane, 2004).
In order to study this type of phenomena, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991) is used, as one of the most widely accepted theoretical models to explain the links between people's attitudes and behaviour, based on which a large number of empirical studies concerned with predicting entrepreneurial intention in academic and scientific fields have been produced (Schlaegel et al., 2014). The model provides the link between the predictors of behavioural intention - attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control - and the intention, as well as the capacity of this intention to predict behaviour. From the results obtained, we can highlight the model based on TPB concludes that with the adjustments carried out in this study, 27% of the variance of the intention to set up a business can be explained, thus confirming the validity of this theoretical model to explain how the intention to create a biotech company is shaped.
In this way, from the psychosocial point of view, it can be observed that entrepreneurship as a function is dependent, on the one hand, on the skill and motivational factors of the individuals involved in the process and, on the other hand, on their surrounding environment. One of the fundamental arguments of this doctoral thesis is based on the fact that the shaping of the intention, in a conscious and deliberate way, is a key precedent as to whether an entrepreneur decides to set up a business based on his/her research results.
Therefore, the need to design more complex training policies to encourage entrepreneurial intention is clearly demonstrated, as is the need to reduce the barriers observed so that those bioresearchers with high entrepreneurial intention can develop entrepreneurial behaviour. In the same way, it is necessary to continue working hard on research and to continue deepening our understanding of how the process of creation of intention, and its later behavioural development within the framework of scientific entrepreneurship, is carried out by those people involved in the process. / [ES] Predecir la conducta emprendedora, en el ámbito del sistema público de investigación, se considera de gran interés, ya que este hecho condicionará la creación de nuevas empresas de base tecnológica -que denominamos spin-off- en universidades, hospitales y organismos públicos de investigación. En el marco de la economía del conocimiento y, en concreto, en el sector de ciencias de la vida -lo que se denomina bioeconomía (Comisión Europea, 2012)-, la creación y desarrollo de una bioempresa se considera un mecanismo de transferencia de tecnología de gran utilidad (Coduras et al., 2006; Morales-Gualdrón, 2008; Pisano, 2006), y su desarrollo está condicionado a la voluntad de los investigadores que quieran convertirse en empresarios, ya que en última instancia, crear una empresa es una decisión personal del emprendedor. La mayoría de los estudios sobre el emprendimiento han soslayado el proceso psicológico que lleva al individuo a tomar la decisión de arriesgarse y crear una nueva empresa (Liñán et al., 2007; Moriano et al., 2008).
La configuración de este proceso está plasmada en los modelos contemporáneos de intención emprendedora (Krueger et al., 2006). Con la realización de esta tesis doctoral, se pretende contribuir a la comprensión del fenómeno de creación de spin-off desde su perspectiva de los factores endógenos del emprendedor, analizando y aportando evidencias sobre la intención emprendedora de los investigadores del sector público en ciencias de la vida -denominados bioinvestigadores-, sus características y motivaciones para que, en el contexto de su elección de carrera profesional, lleguen a considerar la creación de una bioempresa como una alternativa óptima (Shane, 2004).
Para estudiar este tipo de fenómenos, se utiliza la teoría de la acción planificada (TAP) (Ajzen, 1991), como uno de los modelos teóricos más aceptados para explicar las relaciones entre las actitudes y los comportamientos de las personas, dando lugar a un número importante de estudios empíricos en relación con la predicción de la intención emprendedora en el ámbito académico y científico (Schlaegel et al., 2014). El modelo ofrece la relación entre los predictores de la intención conductual -actitudes, norma subjetiva y control conductual percibido-, y la intención, así como en la capacidad de esta intención para pronosticar la conducta. De los resultados obtenidos podemos destacar que el modelo basado en la TAP concluye que, con los ajustes realizados en este estudio, se explica el 27% de la varianza de la intención de emprender. Por consiguiente, se confirma la validez de este modelo teórico para explicar cómo se forma la intención de crear una bioempresa.
De este modo, desde el punto de vista psicosocial, se observa que el emprendimiento es una función dependiente, por un lado, de las habilidades y motivaciones de los individuos involucrados en el proceso y, por otro lado, de la situación donde éstos se encuentran inmersos. Uno de los argumentos fundamentales de esta tesis doctoral, se fundamenta en que la formación de la intención, bajo una naturaleza deliberada y consciente, es un precedente clave en el hecho de que un emprendedor decida crear una empresa a partir de los resultados de su investigación.
Por lo tanto, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de diseñar políticas de formación más complejas para fomentar la intención emprendedora, así como atenuar las barreras observadas para que aquellos bioinvestigadores con una elevada intención emprendedora, desarrollen la conducta de emprender. De igual manera, se hace necesario seguir centrando esfuerzos de investigación, en mejorar la comprensión de cómo el proceso de creación de la intención, y su posterior desarrollo conductual en el marco del emprendimiento científico, se lleva a cabo en las personas involucradas en el proceso. / [CA] Predir la conducta emprenedora, en l'àmbit del sistema pùblic d'investigaciò, es considera de gran interés, ja que aquest fet condicionarà la creació de noves empreses amb una base tecnològica - que anomenem spin-off- en universitats, hospitals i organismes públics d'investigació. En el marc de l'economia del coneixement i, en concret, en el sector de ciències de la vida -que anomenem bioeconomia (Comissió Europea, 2012)-, la creació i desenvolupament d'una bioempresa es considera un mecanisme de transferència de tecnologia de gran utilitat (Coduras et al., 2006; Morales-Gualdrón, 2008; Pisano, 2006), i el seu desenvolupament es troba condicionat a la voluntat dels investigadors que volen convertir-se en empresaris, ja que en última instància, crear una empresa és una decisió personal de l'emprenedor. La majoria dels estudis sobre l'emprenedoria han deixat de banda el procés psicològic que porta l'individu a prendre la decisiò d'arriscar-se i crear una nova empresa (Liñán et al., 2007; Moriano et al., 2008).
La configuraciò d'aquest procés es veu reflectida en els models contemporanis d'intenció emprenedora (Krueger et al., 2006). Amb la realització d'aquesta tesi doctoral, es pretén contribuir a la comprensió del fenòmen de creació d'spin-off des de la seua perspectiva dels factors endògens de l'emprenedor, analitzant i aportant evidències sobre la intenció emprenedora dels investigadors del sector públic en ciències de la vida -denominats bioinvestigadors-, les seues característiques i motivacions per què, en el context de la seua tria de carrera professional, arriben a considerar la creació d'una bioempresa com una alternativa òptima (Shane, 2004).
Per estudiar aquest tipus de fenòmens, s'utilitza la teoria de l'acció planificada (TAP) (Ajzen, 1991), com un dels models teòrics més acceptats per explicar les relacions entre les actituds i els comportaments de les persones, donant lloc a un nombre important d'estudis empírics en relació amb la predicció de la intenciò emprenedora en l'àmbit acadèmic i científic (Schlaegel et al., 2014). El model ofereix la relació entre els predictors de la intenció conductual -actituds, norma subjetiva i control conductual percebut-, i la intenció, així com en la capacitat d'aquesta intenció per pronosticar la conducta. Dels resultats obtinguts podem destacar que la intenció emprenedora desenvolupada en el model basat en la TAP, conclou que amb els ajustaments fets en aquest estudi, s' explica el 27% de la variabilitat de la intenció d'empredre. Per tant, es confirma la validesa d'aquest model teòric per explicar com es forma la intenció de crear una bioempresa.
D'aquesta manera, des del punt de vista psicosocial, s'observa que l'emprenedoria és una funció que depén, per una banda, de les habilitats i motivacions dels individus involucrats en el procés i, per l'altra, de la situació on aquestos es troben immersos. Un dels arguments fonamentals d'aquesta tesi doctoral, es fonamenta en el fet que la formació de la intenció, davall una naturalesa deliberada i conscient, és un precedent clau en el fet que un emprenedor decidesca crear una empresa a partir dels resultats de la seua investigació.
Per tant, es posa de manifest la necessitat de dissenyar polítiques de formació més complexes per fomentar la intenció emprenedora, així com minvar les barreres observades per què aquells bioinvestigadors amb una elevada intenció emprenedora, desenvolupen la conducta d'emprendre. De la mateixa manera, cal seguir centrant esforços d'investigació, en millorar la comprensió de com el procés de creació de la intenció, i el seu posterior desenvolupament conductual en el marc de l'emprenedoria científica, és du a terme en les persones involucrades en el procés. / Rodríguez Batalla, F. (2015). Estudio de la intención emprendedora en el ámbito científico público. El caso de las ciencias de la vida en España [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/54117
|
94 |
Systematic analysis of protein complexes involved in the human RNA polymerase II machineryAl-Khoury, Racha 02 1900 (has links)
La transcription, la maturation d’ARN, et le remodelage de la chromatine sont tous des processus centraux dans l'interprétation de l'information contenue dans l’ADN. Bien que beaucoup de complexes de protéines formant la machinerie cellulaire de transcription aient été étudiés, plusieurs restent encore à identifier et caractériser.
En utilisant une approche protéomique, notre laboratoire a purifié plusieurs composantes de la machinerie de transcription de l’ARNPII humaine par double chromatographie d’affinité "TAP". Cette procédure permet l'isolement de complexes protéiques comme ils existent vraisemblablement in vivo dans les cellules mammifères, et l'identification de partenaires d'interactions par spectrométrie de masse. Les interactions protéiques qui sont validées bioinformatiquement, sont choisies et utilisées pour cartographier un réseau connectant plusieurs composantes de la machinerie transcriptionnelle. En appliquant cette procédure, notre laboratoire a identifié, pour la première fois, un groupe de protéines, qui interagit physiquement et fonctionnellement avec l’ARNPII humaine. Les propriétés de ces protéines suggèrent un rôle dans l'assemblage de complexes à plusieurs sous-unités, comme les protéines d'échafaudage et chaperonnes.
L'objectif de mon projet était de continuer la caractérisation du réseau de complexes protéiques impliquant les facteurs de transcription. Huit nouveaux partenaires de l’ARNPII (PIH1D1, GPN3, WDR92, PFDN2, KIAA0406, PDRG1, CCT4 et CCT5) ont été purifiés par la méthode TAP, et la spectrométrie de masse a permis d’identifier de nouvelles interactions.
Au cours des années, l’analyse par notre laboratoire des mécanismes de la transcription a contribué à apporter de nouvelles connaissances et à mieux comprendre son fonctionnement. Cette connaissance est essentielle au développement de médicaments qui cibleront les mécanismes de la transcription. / Genomes encode most of the functions necessary for cell growth and differentiation. Gene transcription, RNA processing, and chromatin remodeling are central processes in the interpretation of the information contained in genomic DNA. Although many protein complexes forming the cellular machinery that interprets mammalian genomes have been studied, a number of additional complexes remain to be identified and characterized.
Using proteomic approaches, Dr. Benoit Coulombe’s laboratory purified many components of the RNAPII transcription machinery using tandem affinity purification (TAP), a procedure that allows the isolation of protein complexes as they likely exist in live mammalian cells, and the identification of interaction partners using mass spectrometry. High confidence interactions were selected computationally and used to draw the map of a network connecting many components of the mRNA transcriptional machinery. By applying this procedure, our lab has identified, for the first time, a group of proteins, that interacts both physically and functionally with human RNAPII, and whose properties suggest a role in the assembly of multi-subunit complexes, acting as RNAPII-specific scaffolding proteins and chaperones.
The aim of my project was to continue the characterization of the network of protein complexes involving transcription factors, and thus, further pursuing our survey of protein complexes in whole cell extracts. Eight novel RNAPII interaction partners (PIH1D1, GPN3, WDR92, PFDN2, KIAA0406, PDRG1, CCT4 and CCT5) were purified using the tandem affinity purification (TAP) method, and their interaction partners were identified by mass spectrometry.
Over the years, our lab’s analysis of transcriptional regulation and mechanisms has contributed novel and important knowledge that provided better understanding of mRNA synthesis. This knowledge is paramount to the development of therapeutics that will target transcriptional mechanisms.
|
95 |
Uma abordagem Lagrangiana na otimização Volt/VAr em redes de distribuição / A Lagrangian approach in the Volt/VAr optimization in distribution networksVasconcelos, Fillipe Matos de 12 April 2017 (has links)
Este projeto de pesquisa propõe desenvolver um novo modelo e uma nova abordagem para a resolução do problema da otimização Volt/VAr em redes de distribuição de energia elétrica. A otimização Volt/VAr consiste em, basicamente, determinar os ajustes das variáveis de controle tais como bancos de capacitores chaveados, transformadores com comutação de tap sob carga e reguladores de tensão, de modo a satisfazer, simultaneamente, as restrições de carga e de operação para um dado objetivo operacional. Esse problema, matematicamente, foi formulado como um problema de programação não linear, multiperíodo, e com variáveis contínuas e discretas. Algoritmos de programação não linear foram utilizados com o intuito de aproveitar as vantagens das matrizes altamente esparsas montadas ao longo do método de solução. Para utilizar tais algoritmos, as variáveis discretas são tratadas como contínuas por meio da utilização de funções senoidais que penalizam a função objetivo do problema original enquanto estas não convergirem para algum dos pontos pré-definidos no seu domínio. O caráter multiperíodo do problema, contudo, refere-se à consideração de uma restrição que relaciona os ajustes das variáveis de controle para sucessivos intervalos de tempo na medida em que limita o número de operações de chaveamento desses dispositivos para um período de 24-horas. O estudo fundamenta-se, metodologicamente, em métodos do tipo Primal-Dual Barreira-Logarítmica. Para demonstrar a eficiência do modelo proposto e a robustez dessa abordagem, a partir de dados teóricos obtidos de levantamentos bibliográficos, testes foram realizados em sistemas-teste de 10, 69 e 135 barras, e em um sistema de 442 barras do noroeste do Reino Unido. As implementações computacionais foram feitas nos softwares MATLAB, AIMMS e GAMS, utilizando o solver IPOPT como método de solução. Os resultados mostram que a abordagem proposta para a resolução do problema de programação não linear é eficaz para tratar adequadamente todas as variáveis presentes em problemas de otimização Volt/VAr. / This work proposes a new model and a new approach for solving the Volt / VAr optimization problem in distribution systems. The Volt/VAr optimization consists, basically, to determine the settings of the control variables of switched capacitor banks, on-load tap changer transformers and voltage regulators, in order to satisfy both the load and operational constraints, to a given operational objective. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem, multiperiod, and with continuous and discrete variables. Nonlinear programming algorithms were used in order to take advantage of the highly sparse matrices built along the solution method. The discrete variables are treated as continuous along the solution method by means of the use of sinusoidal functions that penalize the original objective function while the control variables do not converge to any of the predefined discrete points in its domain. The multiperiod, or dynamic, characteristic of the problem, however, refers to the use of a constraint that relates the settings of the control variables for successive time intervals that limits the control devices switching operations number for a period of 24-hours. The study is based, methodologically, on Primal-Dual Logarithmic Barrier method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the robustness of this approach, the data were obtained from theoretical literature surveys, and tests were performed on test-systems of 10, 69 and 135 buses, and in a 442 buses located in the Northwest of the United Kingdom. The computational implementation was accomplished in the softwares MATLAB, AIMMS and GAMS, using the IPOPT solver as solution method. The results have shown the approach for solving nonlinear programming problems is effective to appropriate cope with all the variables presented in Volt/VAr optimization problems.
|
96 |
Uma abordagem Lagrangiana na otimização Volt/VAr em redes de distribuição / A Lagrangian approach in the Volt/VAr optimization in distribution networksFillipe Matos de Vasconcelos 12 April 2017 (has links)
Este projeto de pesquisa propõe desenvolver um novo modelo e uma nova abordagem para a resolução do problema da otimização Volt/VAr em redes de distribuição de energia elétrica. A otimização Volt/VAr consiste em, basicamente, determinar os ajustes das variáveis de controle tais como bancos de capacitores chaveados, transformadores com comutação de tap sob carga e reguladores de tensão, de modo a satisfazer, simultaneamente, as restrições de carga e de operação para um dado objetivo operacional. Esse problema, matematicamente, foi formulado como um problema de programação não linear, multiperíodo, e com variáveis contínuas e discretas. Algoritmos de programação não linear foram utilizados com o intuito de aproveitar as vantagens das matrizes altamente esparsas montadas ao longo do método de solução. Para utilizar tais algoritmos, as variáveis discretas são tratadas como contínuas por meio da utilização de funções senoidais que penalizam a função objetivo do problema original enquanto estas não convergirem para algum dos pontos pré-definidos no seu domínio. O caráter multiperíodo do problema, contudo, refere-se à consideração de uma restrição que relaciona os ajustes das variáveis de controle para sucessivos intervalos de tempo na medida em que limita o número de operações de chaveamento desses dispositivos para um período de 24-horas. O estudo fundamenta-se, metodologicamente, em métodos do tipo Primal-Dual Barreira-Logarítmica. Para demonstrar a eficiência do modelo proposto e a robustez dessa abordagem, a partir de dados teóricos obtidos de levantamentos bibliográficos, testes foram realizados em sistemas-teste de 10, 69 e 135 barras, e em um sistema de 442 barras do noroeste do Reino Unido. As implementações computacionais foram feitas nos softwares MATLAB, AIMMS e GAMS, utilizando o solver IPOPT como método de solução. Os resultados mostram que a abordagem proposta para a resolução do problema de programação não linear é eficaz para tratar adequadamente todas as variáveis presentes em problemas de otimização Volt/VAr. / This work proposes a new model and a new approach for solving the Volt / VAr optimization problem in distribution systems. The Volt/VAr optimization consists, basically, to determine the settings of the control variables of switched capacitor banks, on-load tap changer transformers and voltage regulators, in order to satisfy both the load and operational constraints, to a given operational objective. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem, multiperiod, and with continuous and discrete variables. Nonlinear programming algorithms were used in order to take advantage of the highly sparse matrices built along the solution method. The discrete variables are treated as continuous along the solution method by means of the use of sinusoidal functions that penalize the original objective function while the control variables do not converge to any of the predefined discrete points in its domain. The multiperiod, or dynamic, characteristic of the problem, however, refers to the use of a constraint that relates the settings of the control variables for successive time intervals that limits the control devices switching operations number for a period of 24-hours. The study is based, methodologically, on Primal-Dual Logarithmic Barrier method. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the robustness of this approach, the data were obtained from theoretical literature surveys, and tests were performed on test-systems of 10, 69 and 135 buses, and in a 442 buses located in the Northwest of the United Kingdom. The computational implementation was accomplished in the softwares MATLAB, AIMMS and GAMS, using the IPOPT solver as solution method. The results have shown the approach for solving nonlinear programming problems is effective to appropriate cope with all the variables presented in Volt/VAr optimization problems.
|
97 |
Physical-layer security: practical aspects of channel coding and cryptographyHarrison, Willie K. 21 June 2012 (has links)
In this work, a multilayer security solution for digital communication systems is provided by considering the joint effects of physical-layer security channel codes with application-layer cryptography. We address two problems: first, the cryptanalysis of error-prone ciphertext; second, the design of a practical physical-layer security coding scheme. To our knowledge, the cryptographic attack model of the noisy-ciphertext attack is a novel concept. The more traditional assumption that the attacker has the ciphertext is generally assumed when performing cryptanalysis. However, with the ever-increasing amount of viable research in physical-layer security, it now becomes essential to perform the analysis when ciphertext is unreliable. We do so for the simple substitution cipher using an information-theoretic framework, and for stream ciphers by characterizing the success or failure of fast-correlation attacks when the ciphertext contains errors. We then present a practical coding scheme that can be used in conjunction with cryptography to ensure positive error rates in an eavesdropper's observed ciphertext, while guaranteeing error-free communications for legitimate receivers. Our codes are called stopping set codes, and provide a blanket of security that covers nearly all possible system configurations and channel parameters. The codes require a public authenticated feedback channel. The solutions to these two problems indicate the inherent strengthening of security that can be obtained by confusing an attacker about the ciphertext, and then give a practical method for providing the confusion. The aggregate result is a multilayer security solution for transmitting secret data that showcases security enhancements over standalone cryptography.
|
98 |
Nanoanalyse der Frühstadien der Interreaktion im System Al/Ni mittels 3D-Atomsondentomographie / Nanoanalysis of the early stages of interreaction in the binary system Al/Ni by 3D-AtomprobeJeske, Tobias 27 June 2001 (has links)
No description available.
|
99 |
Untersuchung atomarer Strukturen an geordnetem und nanokristallinem ternären Fe3Al / Studies of atomic scale structures of ordered and nanocrystalline ternary Fe3AlRademacher, Thomas 13 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.
|
100 |
Systematic analysis of protein complexes involved in the human RNA polymerase II machineryAl-Khoury, Racha 02 1900 (has links)
La transcription, la maturation d’ARN, et le remodelage de la chromatine sont tous des processus centraux dans l'interprétation de l'information contenue dans l’ADN. Bien que beaucoup de complexes de protéines formant la machinerie cellulaire de transcription aient été étudiés, plusieurs restent encore à identifier et caractériser.
En utilisant une approche protéomique, notre laboratoire a purifié plusieurs composantes de la machinerie de transcription de l’ARNPII humaine par double chromatographie d’affinité "TAP". Cette procédure permet l'isolement de complexes protéiques comme ils existent vraisemblablement in vivo dans les cellules mammifères, et l'identification de partenaires d'interactions par spectrométrie de masse. Les interactions protéiques qui sont validées bioinformatiquement, sont choisies et utilisées pour cartographier un réseau connectant plusieurs composantes de la machinerie transcriptionnelle. En appliquant cette procédure, notre laboratoire a identifié, pour la première fois, un groupe de protéines, qui interagit physiquement et fonctionnellement avec l’ARNPII humaine. Les propriétés de ces protéines suggèrent un rôle dans l'assemblage de complexes à plusieurs sous-unités, comme les protéines d'échafaudage et chaperonnes.
L'objectif de mon projet était de continuer la caractérisation du réseau de complexes protéiques impliquant les facteurs de transcription. Huit nouveaux partenaires de l’ARNPII (PIH1D1, GPN3, WDR92, PFDN2, KIAA0406, PDRG1, CCT4 et CCT5) ont été purifiés par la méthode TAP, et la spectrométrie de masse a permis d’identifier de nouvelles interactions.
Au cours des années, l’analyse par notre laboratoire des mécanismes de la transcription a contribué à apporter de nouvelles connaissances et à mieux comprendre son fonctionnement. Cette connaissance est essentielle au développement de médicaments qui cibleront les mécanismes de la transcription. / Genomes encode most of the functions necessary for cell growth and differentiation. Gene transcription, RNA processing, and chromatin remodeling are central processes in the interpretation of the information contained in genomic DNA. Although many protein complexes forming the cellular machinery that interprets mammalian genomes have been studied, a number of additional complexes remain to be identified and characterized.
Using proteomic approaches, Dr. Benoit Coulombe’s laboratory purified many components of the RNAPII transcription machinery using tandem affinity purification (TAP), a procedure that allows the isolation of protein complexes as they likely exist in live mammalian cells, and the identification of interaction partners using mass spectrometry. High confidence interactions were selected computationally and used to draw the map of a network connecting many components of the mRNA transcriptional machinery. By applying this procedure, our lab has identified, for the first time, a group of proteins, that interacts both physically and functionally with human RNAPII, and whose properties suggest a role in the assembly of multi-subunit complexes, acting as RNAPII-specific scaffolding proteins and chaperones.
The aim of my project was to continue the characterization of the network of protein complexes involving transcription factors, and thus, further pursuing our survey of protein complexes in whole cell extracts. Eight novel RNAPII interaction partners (PIH1D1, GPN3, WDR92, PFDN2, KIAA0406, PDRG1, CCT4 and CCT5) were purified using the tandem affinity purification (TAP) method, and their interaction partners were identified by mass spectrometry.
Over the years, our lab’s analysis of transcriptional regulation and mechanisms has contributed novel and important knowledge that provided better understanding of mRNA synthesis. This knowledge is paramount to the development of therapeutics that will target transcriptional mechanisms.
|
Page generated in 0.0178 seconds