This paper adopts an modle with endogenous variable to investigates policy inertia hypothesis or unobserved variable hypothesis in Taiwan¡¦s interest-rate rule 1981- 2010. Empirical result suggests that both policy inertia and omitted variable hypothesis are important in monetary policy in Taiwan,which is consistent with that of Gerlach- Kristen (2004).

This paper investigates whether the ¡§Taylor rule¡¨ can appropriately describe the Central Bank¡¥s monetary policy in Asia-Pacific countries. The countries under consideration were export-oriented countries that adopted floating exchange rate system, and affected by the Asian financial crisis. They include Taiwan, Korea, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore. In addition we divide the sample period into two sub period based on the mid-1997 outbreak of the Asian financial crisis, to check the robustness of our results from the whole period. Furthermore, we investigate that the central bank cares for the quarterly inflation, or annual inflation. The results over the whole period showed that the Taylor rule describe Central Bank¡¥s monetary policy except for Thailand, Japan and Singapore. The Taylor rule can not describe Japan's monetary policy when the period before Asian financial crisis is adopted. Besides, in addition to Thailand, the central banks concerned quarterly inflation rates than annual inflation rates.

In this dissertation, two questions concerning monetary policy under the Taylor rule have been addressed. The first question is on, under the Taylor rule, whether a central bank should be responsible for both bank supervision and monetary policy or whether the two tasks should be exercised by separate institutions. This is the main focus of Chapter I. The second question is on whether the Taylor rule plays an important role in explaining modern business cycles in the United States. The second question has been covered by Chapter II. The implications of the first chapter can be summarized as follows: (i) it is inevitable for the central bank to have a systematic error in conducting monetary policy when the central bank does not have a bank supervisory role; (ii) without a bank supervisory role, the effectiveness of monetary policy cannot be guaranteed; (iii) because of the existence of conflict of interests, giving a bank supervisory role to the central bank does not guarantee the effectiveness of monetary policy, either; (iv) the way of setting up another government agency, bank regulator, and making the central bank and the regulator cooperate each other does not guarantee the effectiveness of monetary policy because, in this way, the systematic error in conducting monetary policy cannot be eliminated; (v) in the view of social welfare, not in the view of the effectiveness of monetary policy, it is better for the central bank to keep the whole responsibility or at least a partial responsibility on bank supervision. In the second chapter, we examined the effect of a technology shock and a money shock in the context of an RBC model incorporating the Taylor rule as the Fed??s monetary policy. One thing significantly different from other researches on this topic is the way the Taylor rule is introduced in the model. In this chapter, the Taylor rule is introduced by considering the relationship among the Fisher equation, Euler equation and the Taylor rule explicitly in the dynamic system of the relevant RBC model. With this approach, it has been shown that, even in a flexible-price environment, the two major failures in RBC models with money can be resolved. Under the Taylor rule, the correlation between output and inflation appears to be positive and the response of our model economy to a shock is persistent. Furthermore, the possibility of an existing liquidity effect is found. These results imply that the Taylor rule does play a key role in explaining business cycles in the United States.

Atualmente há uma quantidade considerável de informação sobre o comportamento da economia à disposição da autoridade monetária, cuja decisão é provavelmente baseada nesse grande conjunto de dados. Entretanto, grande parte das análises empíricas de política monetária é baseada em modelos de pequena escala, e o problema de variáveis omitidas pode ser relevante. Uma literatura mais recente mostrou que grandes conjuntos de séries macroeconômicas podem ser modelados usando fatores dinâmicos, que são considerados um resumo da informação contida nos dados. Neste trabalho combinamos os fatores extraídos de 178 séries de tempo com os modelos tradicionais de pequena escala para analisar a política monetária no Brasil. Os fatores estimados são usados como instrumentos em regras de Taylor forward looking e como regressores adicionais em VAR´s. A informação extraída de grandes conjuntos de dados mostrou-se bem útil na análise empírica da política monetária. / Nowadays there is a considerable amount of information on the behavior of the economy available and central bankers can be expected to base their decisions on this very large information set. Nevertheless, most of the empirical analysis of monetary policy has been based on small scale models, and omitted information can be a relevant problem. Recent time-series techniques have shown that large datasets can be modeled using dynamic factors, which are considered a summary of the information in the data. In this work we combine the factors extracted from 178 time series with more traditional small scale models to analyze monetary policy in Brazil. The estimated factors are used as instruments in forward looking Taylor rules and as additional regressors in VAR´s. The information extracted from large datasets turns out to be quite useful for the empirical analysis of monetary policy.

This thesis examines three different aspects of monetary policy in a varying sample of developing countries, with some Islamic banks. The first essay estimates a variety of interest rate rules for the conduct of monetary policy for Indonesia, Israel, South Korea, Thailand and Turkey, in both high and low inflation conditions. The findings are that the reaction of monetary policy to both inflation and output gaps differs between the high and low inflation regimes and that the exchange rate channel is important only in the low inflation regime. The second essay examines the bank lending channel of monetary transmission in Malaysia, a country with a dual banking system, with both Islamic and conventional banks. The results show that Islamic credit is less responsive to interest rates shocks than is conventional credit, in both high and low growth conditions. In contrast, the relative importance of Islamic credit shocks in driving output and inflation is greater under low -inflation conditions and higher Islamic credit leads to higher growth and lower inflation in such conditions. The third essay re-examines the question of causality between credit and GDP between two sets of countries one set without Islamic banks and the other set with dual banking systems, including some Islamic banks. The results suggest long-run causality from credit growth to GDP in countries with only Islamic banks.

Magister Commercii - MCom / Monetary policy rules are guidelines applied by policy makers when adjusting monetary instruments towards reaching policy objectives like price stability. The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) uses the repurchase (repo) rate at which it lends to commercial banks as its monetary instrument. This study examines whether the SARB considers the output gap when deciding on changes to the repo rate. In order to test the above hypothesis the study applied a simple multiple linear regression model (quantitative methods). The hypothesis was tested based on the following independent variables: consumer price index (headline), natural real interest rate, potential output and actual output using the Eviews and STAMP econometric software packages. The study focussed on the time period between 1989 and 2009 when the central bank governors were targeting the repo rate as an instrument towards achieving their monetary policy objectives. The results illustrate evidence of 82 % to 92 % correlation in the movements between the predicted Taylor rule with the univariate model and the actual repo rate. This means that the behaviour the SARB monetary policy conduct was sufficiently structured and influenced by the developments of both inflation and the output gap, even though the SARB have not consciously implemented a Taylor model. In short, the output gap and inflation rate gap pressures influenced strongly the monetary policy decisions of the SARB, even before the formal adoption of an inflation targeting framework.

This thesis analyses the monetary policy of the Fed in the period before the financial and economic crisis 2007. The aim of this analysis is to investigate whether the monetary policy significantly deviated from the preceding one which, according to John Taylor, adhered to the Taylor rule. This analysis is performed using both revised and real-time data. I compare the monetary policy with various specifications of the Taylor rule. I also estimate a forward-looking Taylor rule. The results confirm the deviation from the Taylor rule. However, deviations were usual in the whole sample period. Estimated models do not indicate that the monetary policy before the crisis was different from the rest of the analyzed period.

We focus on Czech swap market in a broader context of economic and financial development and we provide extensive empirical evidence that swaps have many features of a "risk-free" asset. They are traded with sufficient liquidity and low transaction costs that make them attractive for investors. Swap curve dynamics may be decomposed into level, slope and curvature parameters known from bond markets.Level and slope parameter may be interpreted by Taylor rule like functions in terms of output gap and inflation. Level reflects mainly inflation expectations and its sensitivity to output gap is small. Slope parameter is highly sensitive to business cycle fluctuations and inflation deviation from CNB's target. Domestic monetary policy remains an important determinant of swap curve parameters with gradual market reaction. Czech swap rates are closely connected to Euro swap rates. We found level factors to be cointegrated and also slope and curvature exhibit strong sensitivity to Euro rates. Financial variables don't seem to have large impact on swap rates with the exemption of global equity markets, where we found positive correlation between level and SP500 returns. In contrast, Czech government bonds have many features historically connected to corporate bonds such as positive correlation with risky assets and business cycle fluctuations. Government bonds also showed large volatility and rising risk premia in the 2008/2009 financial crisis. Finally, we estimated forward premium and we found large and rising premium and limited support for expectation theory.

Cette thèse porte sur la problématique de l’application de la politique monétaire en République Slovaque (RS) depuis 1990. Malgré sa courte histoire la Banque Nationale de la Slovaquie (BNS), possédait et possède toujours une position importante dans le processus de transformation, dans la stabilisation de la situation macroéconomique et dans l’accomplissement des ambitions d’intégration de la RS. Par conséquent, la BNS doit réagir aux tendances actuelles dans le domaine des cibles, instruments et stratégies monétaires. La BNS a significativement avancé dans ce domaine dans une direction positive. La mise en oeuvre d‘une stratégie monétaire optimale, la combinaison appropriée de la règle monétaire et de la politique monétaire discretionnaire peuvent influencer favorablement l’efficacite de la BNS. L’application de la règle monétaire en tant que fonction de réaction de la banque centrale augmente la transparence et la clarté des mesures monétaires de la cette dernière. Une règle monétaire permet aux investisseurs, banquiers, analystes financiers et aux autres agents économiques de prévoir plus précisément la direction et le volume des mesures de la BNS. En conséquence de quoi la transmission et l’impact des démarches est plus efficace. Etant donné que la version officielle de la règle monétaire appliquée par la BNS n’est pas encore connue, il est dans l’intérêt de nombreux analystes de calculer cette formule. Cette thèse offre des processus éventuels pour élaboration d’une règle monétaire dans le contexte de la RS et en propose une forme possible. / The objective of this thesis is to characterise and to evaluate evolution of monetary policy in Slovakia as well as to suggest an optimal monetary strategy for the future. Theoretical part treats beginning and evolution of the monetary policy in the world and main approaches in its application within central banking. In the conclusion of theoretical part is review of literature dealing with similar problematic. The thesis analyses evolution of National Bank of Slovakia (NBS) independence, instruments and objectives. Evaluation of NBS monetary policy application, respectively State Bank of Czechoslovakia monetary policy application, is divided into five basic periods since 1990 to 2005. It is crucial to choose an optimal monetary strategy in order to increase central bank effectiveness and at the same time in respect to the Slovak Republic integration procedures. The thesis compares and analyses advantages and disadvantages of several alternative monetary strategies as for intermediate objectives and as for decisional process. According to our conclusions a Taylor-type rule should be the integral part of the optimal NBS monetary strategy. The rule originates from basic Taylor rule that enables to determinate direction and volume of central bank measurements. Our Taylor rule is applied and adopted to Slovak macroeconomic conditions. Time ranks of chosen macroeconomic indicators since 1993 to 2005 were applied in determination and calculation of the rule. Achieved results are significantly consistent with theory, initial pre-assumptions and current NBS activity.

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