Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brock University (Canada), 2004. / Adviser: Teena Willoughby. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Manitoba (Canada), 2004. / Adviser: Ruth Berry. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007. / Title from file title page. Erdal Tekin, committee chair; Sally Wallace, Shiferaw Gurmu, Kathleen Adams, committee members. Electronic text (141 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-140).

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The issues explored in this study concern the role of shame, guilt, and the beliefs supporting aggression and the implications of these factors for individual adjustment. Issues surrounding the definition of emotions in general and the theories explaining emotions were also explored. The theories of shame and guilt, the development of shame, the connections between shame and anger, shame and the development of psychopathology, shame and the development of aggression were discussed as well. Characteristics of aggressive and non-aggressive adolescent girls were determined. The sample consisted of adolescent girls ranging in ages from thirteen to eighteen years. Four groups were randomly selected from four different pools of adolescent girls: aggressive in care, aggressive public, non-aggressive in care, and non-aggressive public. The participants were further classified into high, moderate, and low aggressive adolescent girls. The study consisted of participants answering self-report measures on aggression, self-conscious emotions, shame, self-esteem, and beliefs supporting aggression. Clear characteristic differences were revealed using analysis of variance and post hoc least significant difference tests between high, moderate, and low aggressive adolescent girls. Correlations and multiple regression analysis also confirmed these characteristics. Aggressive adolescent girls were characterised by reporting physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, hostility, low self-esteem, shame, guilt, the belief that aggression increases self-esteem, the belief that aggression improves negative self-image, and the belief in the legitimacy of aggression. Low aggressive adolescent girls were characterised by reporting pride in self, state pride, and positive self-esteem. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated that each aspect of aggression was significantly related to shame and to low self-esteem (both Cook and Rosenberg measures). Significant positive correlations were found between the beliefs supporting aggression and all the aspects of aggression. Positive correlations were disclosed between state guilt, physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. Significant positive correlations were found between state pride and positive self-esteem measures (Cook and Rosenberg). Correlations between shame and Cook's low self-esteem, and shame and Rosenberg's low self-esteem showed that these variables were positively related. Verbal abuse was moderately correlated with physical aggression, anger, and hostility. Guilt proneness and state guilt were not related. Surprisingly, neither physical, sexual, nor verbal abuse were related to shame proneness or state shame. Physical aggression was predicted primarily by one variable: the belief in the legitimacy of aggression in conjunction with one other variable such as state shame, low self-esteem, or state guilt. This pattern was also true for anger. Verbal aggression was predicted by the legitimacy of aggression and one other variable, state shame. The legitimacy of aggression was also a primary variable in the prediction of hostility. An exploratory principal factor analysis produced five factors. The first factor describes the characteristics of shamed adolescent girls. The second factor describes the characteristics of the aggressive adolescent girl. The third factor could be interpreted as the characteristics of the non-aggressive adolescent girl, which include self-conscious affect as described by Tangney (1995). Factor four describes the beliefs in the justification of aggression that would benefit the aggressor, while factor five describes the justification of aggression that dehumanises the victim. Discussion and implications focus on the characteristics of high and low aggressive adolescents and interpretations of the meaning of these characteristics are offered. In addition, limitations of the research design are discussed and suggestions for future research are proposed. / Graduate

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Master in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, 1995. / Teenage motherhood has always been an area of concern for social welfare workers. The welfare of the teenage mother herself and the offspring is always at stake especially when there are no supportive structures to deal with the problem. Observation indicates a growing phenomenon, that is, teenage motherhood in the rural communities. In a nutshell, the investigation focused on the social needs of teenage mothers and the circumstances of their life and the exploration of the alternative helping measures to assist these teenage mothers cope with the problem of teenage motherhood. Two hundred (200) teenage mothers in the Ongoye and Enseleni districts were involved in the study. These were purposively sampled from the population of the teenage mothers who patronise the ante-natal clinics for immunisation purposes. Data was gathered by means of interviews. The study advocates that the teenage mothers are a social population group with specific social needs. These social needs are the requirements necessary for the teenagers' survival, growth and fulfilment. It is concluded that there is a standard of quality of life to be maintained. Teenage mothers are young persons who have become victims of labelling by an inadequate service. Teenage motherhood is symptomatic to the disintegration of the traditional societal structures and consequently social values as a result of social change. The rural communities of Ongoye and Enseleni have fallen victim of such change. The societal function in assisting teenagers through their rites of passage has weakened and no social institution has assumed full responsibility for this. The study emphasises a need for a structured youth service. Both preventive and curative action is essential. There is a need for social work services that not only aims to bring comfort in a distressing situation but also to seek to prevent a deterioration that may lead to a young person being labelled as "a teenage mother". A clue to alternative strategies of alleviating the problem of teenage motherhood is given. These strategies are in the following areas: (i) Social work with the community in looking at teenage motherhood. (ii) Development of the therapeutic and the self development programmes for the teenage mothers. (iii) Youth care programmes in the rural areas as a focus of social work.

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