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Orientador: Alexandre Ninhaus Silveira / Resumo: Os peixes durante o período reprodutivo, mobilizam grande parte de suas reservas energéticas para o processo de maturação dos oócitos, por isso quando em cativeiro, é necessário o fornecimento de uma dieta nutricionalmente adequada, com cuidado com o manejo alimentar e a escolha da ração, aonde os reprodutores devem receber uma dieta com componentes de alta qualidade e digestibilidade. O objetivo foi verificar se a adição de 5% de óleo de peixe marinho a dieta Gymnocorymbus ternetzi promoverá uma incorporação de ácidos graxos essenciais no tecido ovariano e possível alteração no desenvolvimento gonadal. Para tal, foram estabelecidos dois sistemas compostos com espécimes adultos de G. ternetzi, sendo um denominado grupo controle - GC, em que os animais foram alimentados com ração comercial e o outro grupo óleo - GO que foram alimentados com a mesma ração com adição de 5% de óleo de peixe marinho, por um período de 12 meses. Mensalmente, foram realizadas coletas do tecido hepático e gonadal de fêmeas de G. ternetzi, para determinação dos índices hepatossomático (IHS) e gonadossomático (IGS), para quantificação e determinação do tamanho dos oócitos, para análise das fases reprodutivas e determinação quanto ao perfil dos ácidos graxos. Os dados de biometria dos animais, não diferiram estatisticamente entre os grupos testados. A determinação dos ácidos graxos dos tecidos hepático e gonadal, apresentou valores constantes e similares de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados - família ômega... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Fish during the reproductive period mobilize most of their energy reserves for the oocyte maturation process, so when in captivity, it is necessary to provide a nutritionally adequate diet, careful with food management and choice of feed, where breeders should receive a diet with high quality components and digestibility. The objective was to verify if the addition of 5% of marine fish oil to the Gymnocorymbus ternetzi diet will promote the incorporation of essential fatty acids in the ovarian tissue and possible alteration in gonadal development. For this purpose, two composite systems were established with adult G. ternetzi specimens, one called control group - GC, in which the animals were fed with commercial feed and the other oil - GO group that were fed with the same feed with the addition of 5% marine fish oil for a period of 12 months. The liver and gonadal tissue were collected monthly from G. ternetzi females to determine hepatosomal (IHS) and gonadosomatic indices (IGS), to quantify and determine oocyte size, to analyze the reproductive phases and to determine the profile. of fatty acids. Animal biometrics data did not differ statistically between the groups tested. The determination of fatty acids from hepatic and gonadal tissues presented constant and similar values of polyunsaturated fatty acids - omega 3 family (PUFAs n3) for both groups. The gonadosomatic index (IGS) did not differ statistically between the groups, but the hepatosomatic index (IHS), in April /... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Th.--Sci.--Bordeaux 1, 1979. N°: 632.

This thesis deals with the detection of magnetic field perception of cavefishes the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus). The experiments were carried out in a plus-shaped maze where the direction preference in the individual arms of this maze was studied both in the natural Earth´s magnetic field and in the modified one by using magnets and turning the north-south axis by 90°. The reactions of the specimen on placing a strong magnet close behind the end of the western and later also the eastern arm of the plus-shaped maze were also monitored. It was conclusively found that the Mexican tetra prefer north-south axis. However, after turning the magnetic field by 90° there was no preference of the specimen for the new north-south axis as we expected. Although some of the tests performed here show the perceptiveness of magnetic field of the Mexican tetra and their preference for the noth-south axis, other tests disprove the formulated hypothesis. That is why other new hypotheses about the perceptiveness of the magnetic field should be created so that they could not be disproved in either case. This thesis has served as a stepping stone for further research in the field of magnetoreception of cavefishes.

With the rapidly progress in the microwave communication systems, miniaturization and performance enhancement have become two main requirements of the microwave devices. Microwave dielectric substrates would be the best choice for these requirements, because high dielectric constant of the substrates would reduce the size of the devices, high quality factor of the substrates would improve the microwave characteristics of the devices, and low temperature coefficient of resonant frequency would reduce the shift of the operating frequencies due to the variation of temperature. As mentioned above, the main research of this dissertation is divided into two parts: microwave dielectric materials and microwave filters. 1. Microwave dielectric materials AB2O6 (A=Mg, Zn; B=Ta, Nb) microwave dielectric ceramics have been developed as the microwave dielectric resonators (DRs) in the past, because the dielectric resonators fabricated by AB2O6 ceramics reveal the good microwave dielectric characteristics. However, the temperature coefficients of resonant frequency of MgTa2O6, MgNb2O6, ZnTa2O6, and ZnNb2O6 ceramics are still not good enough for the applications at the microwave frequency. In addition, MgTa2O6 and ZnTa2O6 ceramics reveal positive temperature coefficients of resonant frequency but the MgNb2O6 and ZnNb2O6 ceramics reveal negative temperature coefficients of resonant frequency. In this study, combining of MgNb2O6 ceramics (with negative temperature coefficients of resonant frequency) and MgTa2O6 ceramics (with positive temperature coefficients of resonant frequency) to form Mg(Ta1-xNbx)2O6 ceramics and combining of ZnNb2O6 ceramics (with negative temperature coefficients of resonant frequency) and ZnTa2O6 ceramics (with positive temperature coefficients of resonant frequency) to form Zn(Ta1-xNbx)2O6 ceramics, which all reveal near-zero temperature coefficients of resonant frequencyand are suitable for the applications of microwave communication devices. The sintering and microwave dielectric characteristics of the Mg(Ta1-xNbx)2O6 and Zn(Ta1-xNbx)2O6 dielectric ceramics are also investigated. 2. Wide-band, dual-band, tri-band, and tetra-band bandpass filters Microwave filters have been widely used in the communication systems. The optimal microwave dielectric characteristics of AB2O6 ceramics developed in this thesis were adopted as the substrates of the filters. The performance of the filters was improved obviously due to the high dielectric constant and high quality factor of the microwave dielectric ceramic substrates. At first, a wide-band and a dual-band (2.45/5.2 GHz) bandpass filters are developed by the combination technique of modified end-coupled microstrip lines and half-wavelength ombination technique will generate three transmission zeros easily in the stop-band to improve the characteristics of the filters. And the next, the tri-band (1.57/2.45/5.2 GHz) bandpass filters are developed by the combination of modified end-coupled microstrip lines, outer-frame structures and half-wavelength U-shaped hairpin resonators. The Defected Grounded Structures (DGS) are add into the ground planes of the tri-band bandpass filters to generate the fourth frequency (3.5 GHz), hence, the tetra-band (1.57/2.45/3.5/5.2 GHz) bandpass filters are accomplished. In addition, due to the uses of the high dielectric constant ceramic substrates and the combination techniques, the size of this tetra-band bandpass filter is only 26.3 mm*9.9 mm. Besides, six deeply transmission zeros are generated in the stop-band to improve the characteristics of the filters (1~7 GHz), all the characteristics of this tetra-band filters (frequency, bandwidth, insertion loss, and stop-band rejection) are suitable for the applications of modern communication systems.

The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, exists as two morphs of a single species, a sighted surface morph and a blind cavefish. In addition to eye regression, cavefish have an increased number of taste buds, maxillary teeth and have an altered craniofacial skeleton. I investigated the effect the lens has on the development of the surrounding skull by ablating the lens over early ontogeny. This unique long-term study sheds light on how early embryonic manipulations on the eye can affect the shape of the adult skull. The effects of lens ablation were analyzed using landmark based morphometric analyzes. Morphometric analyzes indicate that there is a significant difference in the shape of the supraorbital bone and suborbital bones four through six. These bones expand into the eye orbit exhibiting variability in their shape. Interestingly, the number of caudal teeth on the lower jaw is also affected by lens ablation. I compared these findings between morphs and across two teleost species. I conducted lens removal in the surface fish to determine if it would produce a cavefish phenotype. Lens removal in the surface fish only partially results in a cavefish phenotype, indicating that lens loss is not solely responsible for the phenotypic differences between the two morphs. The effects of lens removal were then compared in the Mexican tetra and zebrafish. Surprisingly, the results indicate that the same bones are variable in shape in both species, indicating that the variability of these bones is conserved across species. Finally, I compared laser lens damage and full lens removal, to investigate the capacity for both lens regeneration and healing in the Mexican tetra. Together, the lens healing and regeneration studies indicate that lens absence in early development does not influence the shape of the skull. Lens absence during later development influences the mechanical forces in the skull resulting in the bones of the orbital region changing in size and shape. This study highlights the dynamic nature of the skull and sheds light on the influence the eyes (a soft tissue) have on the surrounding skull (a hard tissue) a topic which has been overlooked in the literature.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. "The appendices of the thesis consist of a collection of scientific papers (preprints and reprints) which were co-authored with my research director, Professor W.J. Blaedel." eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla / Resumo: A deficiência da enzima Glicose-6-Fosfato Desidrogenase (G6PD) é uma anormalidade genética de alta prevalência populacional que resulta em uma menor reatividade do sistema de óxido-redução eritrocitário, geralmente sem repercussões clínicas; estima-se que mais de 300 milhões de pessoas são portadoras dessa alteração. A enzima é expressa em todos os tecidos e catalisa a primeira etapa da Via das Pentoses. Nas hemácias, essa via é de fundamental importância na manutenção do equilíbrio de seu estado redox e a deficiência dessa enzima pode favorecer eventos hemolíticos agudos e crônicos; e em recém nascidos, pode contribuir para o agravamento da icterícia neonatal. O diagnóstico da deficiência baseia-se na atividade enzimática, identificada através de testes quantitativos e qualitativos. Os testes qualitativos limitam-se a agrupar indivíduos em “deficientes” e “não deficientes”, já os métodos quantitativos são mais precisos na inferência dessa atividade. Estas técnicas podem necessitar de repetições dos testes para confirmação de resultados incongruentes. Por outro lado, a variante genética responsável pela deficiência pode ser precisamente reconhecida através de testes de diagnóstico molecular. O presente projeto tem como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia de identificação molecular da variante G202A, frequentemente encontrada na população brasileira, e realizar uma comparação do custo-benefício com a metodologia de sequenciamento de Sanger. Ao todo, foram analisadas 107 amost... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is a metabolic enzymatic defect affecting 300 million people worldwide. The enzyme is present in all tissues and catalyses the first reaction in the Pentose Phosphate pathway responsible for maintaining the redox equilibrium in red blood cell. Deficient enzyme may lead to acute and chronic haemolytic anaemia and neonatal jaundice. Diagnosis for G6PD deficiency is based on biochemical quantitative or qualitative tests. Qualitative tests only classifies subjects as “deficient” or “non-deficient”, while quantitative tests are more precise, however both biochemical approches need a confirmative assay to confirm ambiguous results. On the other hand molecular identification for the molecular variants are more accurate and precise. We developed a new molecular assay to identify the G202A molecular variant present at high frequency on Brazilian population and comparer it to Sanger sequencing. One hundred and seven peripheral blood sample were collected on filter paper. DNA extraction were performed followed by G6PD exon 4 amplification and sequencing. On-line tool “Primer1” generated allele-specific primers for TETRA-ARMS genotyping. Twenty two subjects were deficient homozygote, eighty four wild homozygote and one heterozygote. All subjects genotype were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. TETRA-ARMS costs per reaction is three times lower than Sanger sequencing. We conclude that TETRA-ARMS is a suitable protocol to detect G202A mutation on h... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN MARKETING / Singh, Daljit [Parte I], Burillo, Michelle [Parte II] / Como trabajo final para optar por el grado de Magister en Marketing, hemos decidido realizar un Plan de Marketing para la marca Del Monte® en el mercado panameño, específicamente para el Maíz en Grano en formato Tetra Pak®, debido a la importancia que tiene la marca en esta categoría y línea de producto. En los últimos años, Del Monte® ha sufrido de escasez de varios productos procedentes de las plantas ubicadas en Estados Unidos de América, entre ellos el maíz en grano. Considerando estos factores, se desarrolló un plan para importar al mercado panameño, maíz en grano procedente de plantas de producción de Del Monte® en otras regiones, que tuvieran un diferenciador importante para el consumidor y de esta forma, desarrollar la línea. Por otro lado, la categoría de vegetales enlatados, tiene poco apoyo por parte de la mayoría de las marcas, lo que hace que las consumidoras no realicen el valor o beneficios del producto que están comprando y la versatilidad que muchos de estos productos tienen. De igual forma, la falta de dinamismo por parte de las marcas, al no innovar o renovar empaques, nuevas referencias o líneas de producto; hacen que sea más difícil crear ese compromiso entre una marca y el consumidor. Tomando en cuenta que el maíz en grano es un producto cotidiano y a la vez muy versátil, con potencial para crear contenido dinámico y de utilidad para sus consumidoras; y que la propuesta diferenciadora de Del Monte®, no ha tenido una exposición adecuada que le permita tener un crecimiento en la categoría, creemos oportuno aprovechar la oportunidad para presentar un plan que permita crear conocimiento del producto para desarrollar la línea en un corto a mediano plazo. Como líderes de la categoría, Del Monte®, debe mantenerse a la vanguardia y realizar cambios en el comportamiento de la categoría que le permitan captar la atención del target, buscando siempre ser ese aliado dinámico que les brinde solución en el momento de preparar la comida para la familia.

This paper is a study of the exchange of bismuth tetra-iodide and bismuth ions in an ion-precipitate system.