There are many approaches taken by teachers in order to effectively teach students the information they will need to be successful. One of these approaches is that of brain-based instruction. No one single definition is the same as another when it comes to brain-based teaching and learning. Definitions may include incorporating music and movement into lessons, using techniques to reach both hemispheres of the brain, and differentiating instruction to teach to the needs of the individual students. This study takes a closer look at the perspective of teachers when it comes to what brain-based instruction strategies are. Teachers were given a survey to voice their opinions about brain-based instruction and how they incorporate it into their classrooms. This study gathered information about how teachers perceive and understand brain-based instruction. The use of brain-based instruction is quickly becoming vital to the education field. Understanding more about it will help teachers effectively teach students.

xxi, 199 leaves: ill. / Introduction and purpose: This empirical study was carried out to determine the nutritional status and level of nutritional knowledge amongst orphaned children. A cycle menu will be developed after sensory evaluations of all protein enhanced dishes. Method: Anthropometric measures were used to determine the nutritional status and to measure the nutrition knowledge of 100 orphaned children aged 9 to 13 years old in Boipatong, Vaal region. A nutritional knowledge questionnaire was administered to the study group. Furthermore the anthropometric measurement was carried out and analysed with World Health Organization software (AnthoPius) using ±2 standard deviations cut off points, and data on nutritional knowledge were captured on Microsoft Excel and analysed for frequencies, mean and standard deviation (SD) using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 1'7. Results: The results for nutritional status revealed that 59% of the population studied were underweight, 40% were stunted and 25% were wasted. Most of the respondents (70%) scored less than 50% on the nutrition knowledge questionnaire. The mean correct answer for multiple choice questions was 29.65% and for true/false question was 50.34%. Conclusion: The orphaned children are under-nourished and wasted. Further to this, the nutrition knowledge of the orphans is poor. It is recommended that a nutrition education programme be implemented so as to address the issue of poor food choices and malnutrition. / National Research Foundation (NRF), VUT and Hubbs and Spokes Model

Les orphelins (enfants, adolescents et jeunes adultes qui ont perdu un ou deux parents par décès) n’ont pas de statut spécifique en France et la statistique publique ne produit pas d’estimation de leur nombre. À partir de trois sources de données (Tronc commun des enquêtes auprès des ménages ; enquêtes Famille de 1999 et 2011 ; État-civil), nous estimons qu’environ 600 000 jeunes de moins de 25 ans sont orphelins d’un parent ou des deux en France en 2015, soit 3% de cette tranche d’âge. Les trois-quarts d’entre eux sont des orphelins de père dont la mère est vivante. L’orphelinage précoce paternel est plus différencié socialement que l’orphelinage précoce maternel. La proportion d’orphelins a diminué depuis 1999, ce qui est cohérent avec la baisse de la mortalité des adultes ; cependant, le retard des naissances a compensé en partie l’effet de cette baisse de la mortalité des adultes sur la proportion d’orphelins. Alors que dans l’imaginaire collectif, l’image de l’orphelin est celle d’un enfant privé de ses deux parents et vivant dans un orphelinat, cette thèse montre que la réalité de l’orphelinage au début du 21ème siècle est très éloignée de cette représentation issue du passé. La très grande majorité des mineurs orphelins ont un parent vivant et résident lui, le plus souvent dans une famille monoparentale, sinon dans une famille recomposée. Les familles des orphelins ont un risque un peu plus grand d’avoir un faible niveau de vie que les autres familles de même structure et cela s’explique principalement par leur position socioéconomique moins favorable. / The orphans (children, teenagers and young adults who have lost one or both parents by death) do not have any specific status in France and there is no estimation of their number in the national statistics. Using three data sources (The household introductory module ; 1999 et 2011 Family surveys ; Civil registration data), we estimate that around 600 000 youths aged under 25 are orphaned in France in 2015, which represents 3% of this age group. Three orphans out of four have lost their father but their mother is alive. The proportion of orphans has fallen since 1999 : this trend fits the trends in adult mortality, however the rise of parents’ age at birth has cancelled some part of the effect of the decline in adult mortality upon the proportion of orphans. The social differences in the risks of becoming an orphan before age 25 are bigger among fatherless children than among motherless children. While in the collective imagination, an orphan is a child deprived of both parents and living in an orphanage, this thesis shows that in the early 21st century the situation of the orphaned children (aged under 18) is far from this image from the past centuries. Most of the orphaned children have a surviving parent and live with him, in a one-parent family or in a stepfamily. The families with orphaned children have a slightly higher risk of having a low standard of living compared with the families without orphaned children, and this can be explained by the fact that those families have a lower socioeconomic status.

Against a burgeoning worldwide discourse on the psychological and emotional impact of HIV&AIDS on children’s development, I conducted an empirical inquiry to explore how a group of nine orphaned and vulnerable children who were residing in a children’s home negotiated pathways to well-being while they were affected by HIV&AIDS. The study aimed to explore, understand and describe the phenomenon of well-being within the specific context of the child participants’ perspectives of their life-worlds. The study was informed by a qualitative and instrumental case study design within an interpretivist paradigm. In addition, it was guided by a conceptual framework derived from key concepts within the fields of HIV&AIDS, positive psychology, coping and resilience theories. The study employed both inductive and deductive methods for knowledge development. I utilised task-based participatory activities to guide the informal and conversational interviews with the children in the study as the main data generation strategy. I incorporated the use of informal observations and an examination of documentation as additional data generation methods. By means of a thematic analysis approach incorporating principles of the constructivist grounded theory analysis of the children’s expressions, I gained insights that informed my understanding of the children’s perceptions and experiences of well-being, risks, challenges and stressors. Findings indicate that the children in the study experienced risks, challenges and stressors arising from personal illness, stigma, discrimination, orphanhood, residential care, death and bereavement. The study has further revealed that those children who portrayed characteristics of well-being and resilient adaptation utilised psychosocial coping mechanisms. In addition, they were supported and strengthened by their positive intrapersonal characteristics and affirmative relationships that offered emotional and psychosocial support within their environments. The findings of the study suggest that feelings of well-being, hope and optimism might have co-existed with feelings of despair and hopelessness in the daily lives of the children in the study who were affected by HIV&AIDS. I concluded this study by suggesting that the well-being experiences of the children in this study may exist on a continuum and may depend on specific events, occasions or incidents on a day-to-day basis. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Author master's thesis analyzes the problems of implementation of public-private partnership in the field of social adaptation of orphans and children left without parental care as an example of the Sverdlovsk region. The object of the research master's thesis is the authorities, state and municipal agencies, non-profit organizations involved in social adaptation of orphans and children left without parental care. Subject of research - the forms and mechanisms for public-private partnership implementing in the field of social adaptation of orphans and children left without parental care in the Sverdlovsk region. Scientific novelty of the work is as follows: The essence of public-private partnership in the field of social adaptation of orphans and children left without parental care; The problems of interaction of subjects of public-private partnership in the field of social adaptation of orphans and children left without parental care in the Sverdlovsk region on the basis of the author's concrete empirical research; The design of programs to enhance public-private partnership in the field of social adaptation of orphans and children left without parental care in the Sverdlovsk region on the basis of the mechanisms of public-private partnership. The practical significance of the dissertation research is that the resulting materials can be used to develop guidelines for public authorities and local government, state and municipal organizations, socially-oriented non-governmental organizations on the issues of cooperation in the field of social adaptation of orphans and children without parental care. Developed project can be implemented in practice. Dissertation materials can be used to develop training courses for students enrolled in "State and municipal management". / Автор магистерской диссертации анализирует проблемы реализации общественно-государственного партнерства в сфере социальной адаптации детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей на примере Свердловской области. Объектом исследования магистерской диссертации являются органы власти, государственные и муниципальные организации, некоммерческие организации, участвующие в социальной адаптации детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей. Предмет исследования — формы и механизмы реализации общественно-государственного партнерства в сфере социальной адаптации детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей на территории Свердловской области. Научная новизна работы заключается в следующем: - Раскрыта сущность общественно-государственного партнерства в сфере социальной адаптации детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей; - Выявлены проблемы взаимодействия субъектов общественно-государственного партнерства в сфере социальной адаптации детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей в Свердловской области на основе проведенного автором конкретно-эмпирического исследования; - Разработан проект Программы совершенствования общественно-государственного партнерства в сфере социальной адаптации детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей на территории Свердловской области на основе механизмов общественно-государственного партнерства. Практическая значимость диссертационного исследования заключается в том, что полученные материалы могут быть использованы при разработке методических рекомендаций для органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления, государственных и муниципальных организаций, социально направленных общественных организаций по вопросам организации взаимодействия в сфере социальной адаптации детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей. Разработанный проект может быть внедрен в практику. Материалы диссертации могут быть использованы для разработки учебных курсов для студентов, обучающихся по направлению «Государственное и муниципальное управление».