This thesis concerns the visual representation of the Maori in illustrations featured in the School Journal, Bulletins, Maori Language Readers, and Remedial Readers published by the New Zealand Department of Education from 1907-96. The main focus is to examine how the prehistory of Aotearoa has been presented to the public. For this reason School Journals were chosen as they have been a resource available to all school children for almost a century, and reflect changing theories incorporated into illustrations which can be just as significant, or even more powerful, than text in transmitting information (and sometimes culture-bound values) to the public about past Maori lifeways. I examined specific areas such as the representation Maori physiognomy, representation of gender and ethnicity, material culture, and activities in illustrations and photographs to create an overview of how the Maori have been depicted and question how closely these representations adhere to reality.

This thesis examines history teaching in New Zealand primary schools between 1900 and 1940, situating the discussion within an intertwined framework of the early twentieth-century New Education movement, and the history of Pakeha settler-colonialism. In particular, it draws attention to the ways in which the pedagogical aims of the New Education intersected with the settler goal of ‘indigenisation’: a process whereby native-born settlers in colonised lands seek to become ‘indigenous’, either by denying the presence of the genuine indigenes, or by appropriating aspects of their culture. Each chapter explores a particular set of pedagogical ideas associated with the New Education and relates it back to the broader context and ideology of settler-colonialism. It examines in turn the overarching goals of the New Education of ‘educating citizens’, within which twentieth-century educationalists sought to mobilise biography and local history to cultivate a ‘love of country’ in primary school pupils, exploring the centrality of the ‘local’ to the experience-based pedagogy of the New Education. Next, it argues that the tendency of textbook histories to depict governments – past and present – in an overwhelmingly positive light, served important ongoing colonising functions. Next it examines the influence of the Victorian ideal of ‘character’ in textbooks, particularly during the first two decades of the twentieth century, through a pedagogy centred upon the assumption that the lives of past individuals or groups could be instructive for present generations. / By the 1920s and 1930s, the normative models of behaviour represented by character had come under challenge by the more flexible notion of ‘personality’ and its associated educational aims of expression, creativity and self-realisation, aims that emerged most clearly in relation to the use of activity-based methods to teach history. The juxtaposition of textbooks and activity-based classroom methodologies in the primary school classrooms of the 1920s and 1930s brought to light some of the broader tensions which existed within the settler-colonial ideology of Pakeha New Zealanders. The longer-term impact was a generation for whom the nineteenth-century British intrusion into Maori lands and cultures from which Pakeha New Zealanders massively profited was normalised.

This dissertation arose from a need to derive an inclusive model for describing the historical meanings of progressive education. It considers reform rhetoric published in two widely distributed and accessible journals in Ontario, The School and The Canadian School Journal, between 1919 and 1942. These sources brought together a wide variety of educationists in the province, including teachers, school board representatives, members of the Department of Education, inspectors, and the staff of teacher training institutions, and were forums for the exploration of new and progressive educational ideas. Various conceptions and interpretations of what progressive education would entail were published side by side, in parallel. This dissertation describes the rhetoric of progressive education, which concerned three domains—active learning, individualized instruction, and the linking of schools to contemporary society—and considers the distinctions within this language. Further, this dissertation argues that progressivist ideas were interpreted and represented in different ways according to conceptual orientation and context. Three distinct interpretations of progressive education are described in this thesis. The first progressivist orientation was primarily concerned with child study and developmental psychology; the second concerned social efficiency and industrial order; the third concerned social meliorism and cooperation. Hence, I draw not only on three different domains of progressivist rhetoric, but also on three distinct orientations to reform. What emerges is a description of how different progressivists understood and represented Ontario’s transforming schools, in a context affected by the forces of modernity, world war, and economic depression. / Thesis (Ph.D, Education) -- Queen's University, 2009-06-14 19:00:04.184

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDIA ZANLORENZI.pdf: 1219347 bytes, checksum: e310bf5369206b647de3620093337647 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-13 / This Thesis presents a study on Brazilian education in the early twentieth century, whose primary source is The School journal, which had been published in Curitiba, PR, between 1906 and 1910, and whose objective is to discuss the spread of liberal ideology in Brazil during early Republican. Specifically, we have proposed to identify the influences of liberalism on education, on changes in teaching and on spreading the intuitive method as an ideal model of education. From the assumption of historical materialism, the methodological procedures adopted in the research went trhough the following steps: literature review, survey and cataloging of The School journal in the Public Archives of Paraná and Public Library located in Curitiba,selection of relevant articles to the research development, analysis and discussion of the selected articles, searching for the objectives of the proposed research and for writing the thesis organized into three parts. In the first section, we addressed, Firstly we have approached the principles of liberalism, based on the classical authors Locke and Smith, in order to demonstrate liberalism as a philosophical and political foundation, as well as its use as an ideology. Then we have analyzed the relationship between liberalism and State and its dissemination in Brazil after the proclamation of the Republic. We have also addressed the liberalism in education, having as source The School journal, by approaching specifically the school education as redefinition of the free worker and its using as a priority strategic based on Liberal Education during the Brazilian first Republic. Our efforts culminate with a discussion about teaching and the intuitive method as a way of homogenizing this proposal. The reflections that come up from the study of The School journal have pointed the speeches, the yearnings, the conveniences, the interests of society over education, and have provided clues about the repercussions and controversy introduced, and even more, have greatly contributed to the understanding of contemporary situations. The present study results’ have allowed us to conclude that education in Paraná State in the early twentieth century was marked by liberal ideology influences, which was widely disseminated in the pages of The School journal. / Esta tese apresenta um estudo sobre a educação brasileira no início do século XX, tendo como fonte primária a revista A Escola, publicada em Curitiba-PR no período compreendido entre 1906 a 1910, e como objetivo discutir a disseminação da ideologia liberal nos primórdios republicanos no Brasil. Especificamente, propõe-se identificar as influências do liberalismo na educação, nas mudanças do trabalho docente e na propagação do método intuitivo como modelo ideal de ensino. A partir do pressuposto do materialismo histórico, os procedimentos metodológicos adotados na pesquisa seguiram as seguintes etapas: revisão bibliográfica, levantamento e catalogação da Revista A Escola junto ao Arquivo Público do Paraná e Biblioteca Pública localizados em Curitiba, seleção dos artigos relevantes para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa e análise e discussão dos artigos selecionados, tendo em vista os objetivos propostos para a pesquisa e a escrita da tese organizada em três partes. Na primeira seção, são abordados, os princípios do liberalismo, tomando por base os autores clássicos Locke e Smith, a fim de evidenciar o liberalismo como embasamento filosófico e político, bem como a sua utilização enquanto ideologia. Em seguida, analisa-se a relação entre liberalismo e Estado e a sua disseminação no Brasil após a proclamação da República. Trata, ainda, do liberalismo na educação, tendo como fonte a revista A Escola, abordando, especificamente, a educação escolar como redefinição do trabalhador livre e sua utilização como estratégia prioritária, fundamentada na Pedagogia Liberal durante a primeira República do Brasil. Culmina com a discussão sobre o trabalho docente e o método intuitivo como forma de homogeneização desta proposta. As reflexões que suscitam do estudo na revista A Escola, apontam os discursos, os anseios, as conveniências, os interesses da sociedade em relação à educação, fornecendo pistas sobre as repercussões e polêmicas instauradas, e mais, contribuindo sobremaneira para a compreensão das situações da contemporaneidade. Os resultados desse estudo permitem concluir que a educação no estado do Paraná, no início do século XX, foi marcada pela influência da ideologia liberal, e essa foi amplamente disseminada nas folhas da Revista A Escola.

The purpose of this paper is to present all participants of the Dresden Conference the digital School Journal Revista Escolar de la Olimpiada Iberoamericana de Matemática, online since May-June 2002, with lmost 16,000 subscribers at current issue number 32. Subscribers are based all over the world, but mostly in Spain, Portugal and Latin America.

The purpose of this paper is to present all participants of the Dresden Conference the digital School Journal Revista Escolar de la Olimpiada Iberoamericana de Matemática, online since May-June 2002, with lmost 16,000 subscribers at current issue number 32. Subscribers are based all over the world, but mostly in Spain, Portugal and Latin America.