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Defects in Aluminum, Stainless steel and galvanized steel sheets are studied in reflection mode infrared thermography. The effect of material properties, surface finish, heating intensity, heater emission spectra, pixel size and defect size are studied. Contrast is governed by heat quality, emissivity and defect geometry—which follows a logarithmic trend. The diameter detected via infrared thermography is found to be at least 30% larger than the measured diameter and sub-pixel defects can be detected. The use of gradient and Laplacian of temperature is introduced as a means of increasing defect contrast and mitigating heater variation.

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This university Bachelor's Thesis was performed to explore the influence of surface roughness on the thermography measurement. Thermography is a non-destructive testing method which can be used to detect cracks. However, it is hard to define how the surface roughness influences the emissivity and the result of a thermography measurement, as well as how the angle of the excitation source influences the result. Therefore, this work aims to define how the heating angle and surface roughness influence the thermography measurement, define the relationship between surface roughness and emissivity for the same crack, and define the influence of the angles which composed of the heating source, the direction of crack and the direction of surface roughness on thermography measurement. In this report, the theories of radiation and Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were explained, clearly. Also, two kinds of experiments were set up. One is focus on how the heating angle influence the thermography measurement, the other is focus on how the angle of the heating source, in relation to the crack direction and the direction of surface roughness, influence the SNR value. The conclusions of these experiments are that the heating of a crack increases as the angle decreases (from wide side to narrow side) and the angle ofincreases (from horizontal to vertical). Moreover, the SNR value decreases as the surface roughness increases. For the same surface roughness, the SNR value increases with increased crack angle (0°, 45° or 90°) and with decreased sample position angle (horizontal, 45°or vertical). What is more, the higher surface roughness, the larger the influence of the crack angle and the sample position angle. Finally, when the surface is polish, the crack angle and the sample position angle does not have any influence.

Darbo tikslas – vertinti termografijos metodo tinkamumą gyvūnų ligų ankstyvajai diagnostikai ir prevencijai. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti termovizijos metodo tinkamumą diagnozuojant pado odos pažeidimus ir slaptuosius jūrų kiaulyčių pododermatitus, nustatyti kontrolinės grupės jūrų kiaulyčių paviršinę pado odos temperatūrą pasirinktuose matavimo taškuose. 2. Nustatyti sveikų, kontrolinės grupės melžiamų karvių, laikomų palaiduoju būdu, priekinių ir užpakalinių galūnių paviršinės odos temperatūros rodiklius matavimo vietose esant teigiamai +18 °C ir neigiamai –1°C aplinkos temperatūrai. 3. Įvertinti šlubuojančių melžiamų karvių temperatūros skirtumus ir patologinius atvejus. 4. Ortopediškai ištirti ir įvertinti melžiamų karvių su padidėjusia galūnių temperatūra klinikinę būklę; įvertinti koreliaciją tarp nustatytų patologinių pakitimų ir temperatūros rodiklių; 5. Įvertinti metodo tinkamumą atliekant sveikų ir slaptuoju mastitu sergančių karvių termogramas. Aprašomas metodas, naudojant sistemas „FLIR E50“ ir „Therma CAM P640“, nei Lietuvos, nei užsienio šalių mokslininkų nebuvo taikytas sveikų jūrų kiaulyčių paviršinei pado odos temperatūrai nustatyti, odos pažeidimams, slaptiesiems pododermatitams tirti ar melžiamų karvių galūnių sveikatos ir tešmens būklei nustatyti bei vertinti. Pirmą kartą termografiniai galūnių tyrimai atlikti, kai karvės buvo laikytos laikomos besaičio laikymo karvidėse, sekliuose boksuose, šaltame tvarte, be pakratų, palaidos, o guoliavietės išklotos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the present study – To evaluate the applicability of the thermography method in early diagnosis and prevention of animal diseases. Goals of the study: 1. To assess the applicability of the method of thermal imaging in the diagnosis of skin lesions and subclinical pododermatitis in guinea pigs by determining the surface temperature of the sole skin in the selected points in guinea pigs of the control group. 2. To determine the temperature indicators of the surface skin of front and hind limbs in healthy dairy cows of the control group housed in free stalls in the measuring points at the positive +18 °C and negative –1 °C ambient temperature. 3. To evaluate the temperature difference and the pathological cases in lame dairy cows. 4. To orthopedically examine and assess the clinical condition of dairy cows with the increased temperature in limbs; to assess the correlation between the pathological changes and temperature indicators. 5. To evaluate the applicability of the method in making thermal images of healthy cows and cows with subclinical mastitis. Neither Lithuanian, nor foreign scientists have ever applied the descriptive method in combination with the latest high sensitivity mobile thermal imaging systems “FLIR E50” and “Therma CAM P640” to determine the surface temperature of the sole skin in healthy guinea pigs, to examine sole lesions, subclinical pododermatitis in guinea pigs and to determine and evaluate the health of dairy cows and the condition of their... [to full text]

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, . / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-103). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2010. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 184 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-138).

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a recognized measure of biological efficiency in beef cattle. However, RFI determination is expensive, time consuming and not well studied in animals fed forage-based diets. The objectives of this experiment were to investigate infrared thermography (IRT) as method for determining RFI ranking in yearling beef bulls, and to evaluate the effect of diet type on RFI repeatability in consecutive feeding periods. No significant correlations (P > 0.05) were observed between eye or cheek surface temperatures measured using handheld or within-pen stationary infrared camera systems with RFI. Reranking was observed for RFI in all diet treatments, however significant repeatability estimates occurred for the forage and grain diet treatments (r=0.58 and 0.64 respectively; P < 0.01) but not the diet switch treatment (r=0.24; P > 0.05). Extreme cold temperatures experienced in Western Canada influence IRT measurements and energy partitioning, indicating the need for standardized performance testing procedures. / February 2016

Background: The Global Postural Re-education (GPR) method seems to be an effective method for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. However, no study has examined its effects on a group of musicians with musculoskeletal pain. Additionally, infrared thermography (IRT) has been widely used in the field of medicine as a monitoring a diagnostic tool, which can provide empirical data about the effectiveness of the GPR method. Objective: To examine the effects of GPR using scales and questionnaires and IRT. Methods: This thesis enclosed two articles. In the first, musicians with (N=6) and without (N=6) musculoskeletal pain underwent a thermographic evaluation to examine the skin temperature asymmetry (STA) between both groups as a representation of musculoskeletal pain. The second article was a randomized control trial and examined the effects of the GPR on a group of 13 participants with musculoskeletal pain (7 experimental, 6 controls) after receiving 8 sessions of GPR. Pain, disability and quality of life data was collected using the VAS, MPIIQM, SF-36. A thermographic assessment was also conducted to examine the correlation between pain severity and degree of STA, and changes in contralateral skin asymmetries before and after the intervention. Results: The first article revealed no significant differences in STA between groups. Results from the second article showed statistical significant improvements in pain, disability and quality of life on the group who received the GPR intervention. Results from the IRT analysis were not significant. Conclusion: Results from the self-report questionnaires suggest that GPR is effective in treating musculoskeletal pain in the targeted group of musicians. Pain changes did not correlate with thermal outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm the results obtained with IRT.

The research work focuses on implementing intelligent measurement and diagnostic techniques for the non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of aircraft carbon composites. The outcome of this research work developed reliable and faster techniques to aid in the rapid assessment of defects in anisotropic carbon composites by applying ultrasonic and infrared thermography NDE methods. To fulfill the requirement of the intelligent non-destructive evaluation methods, this research is divided into four sub-researches: fuzzy logic based delamination detection, super-resolution image reconstruction for ultrasonic C-scan, ultrasonic 3D reconstruction, and polynomial fitting techniques for infrared thermography inspection. These researches focus on the improvement and optimization of current ultrasonic testing and infrared thermography inspection. They are independent but interrelated component, and they all serve the same goal which is to interpret data correctly and provide detailed information about the region of interests (ROI) for intelligent non-destructive measurement and evaluation. Details of these researches are presented in Chapter 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. For the ultrasonic testing, a fuzzy inference classifier will be used to generate the rule base and knowledge base for different kinds of defects in composites. It will automatically manage large amounts of signal data sets and extract the important information. Data features and NDE expert knowledge are seamlessly combined to provide the best possible diagnosis of the potential defects and problems. As a result, the outcome of this research work will help ensure the integrity and reliability of carbon composites. The C-scan image resolution of ultrasonic testing system was improved by applying super-resolution algorithms to overcome the inherent resolution limitations of the existing ultrasonic system. It greatly improves the image quality and allows for more detailed inspection of the ROI with high resolution, making defect evaluation easier and more accurate. The ultrasonic 3D reconstruction technique will be able to provide NDE inspectors with more detailed information on defect depth, volume, and 3D structure, as well as help them make quick, accurate, and reliable decisions. For the IR inspection, the thermography methods based on the thermal contrast are strongly affected by non-uniform heating which due to the heat source alignment and specimen thickness variation. The proposed polynomial curve fitting and surface fitting techniques were applied to eliminate the non-uniform heating effect by subtracting the estimated non-uniform heating pattern from the corrupted IR images. Mainly, aircraft composite material: carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) panels will be considered for this research work. Based on the preliminary study, delamination defects due to impact damage and foreign object inclusions artificially embedded in CFRP panels were successfully detected by immersion ultrasonic testing (UT) and IRT inspection. Therefore, the next step will be in improving the detection algorithm and developing an intelligent quality inspection technique for NDE testing. Powered with multiple image processing techniques and mathematical algorithms, the research result will provide high resolution images and detailed information about defect areas. In addition, it will also capable of identifying the type, shape, size, and the distribution of defect.