The aim of this diploma work is accuracy assesment of underground spaces electromagnetic localization method and comparison with results made by Ing. Matin Šklíba in 2006. Existing Purpose-built geodetic control Býčí skála and previous measuring for past 15 years was used for accuracy assessment.

This diploma thesis discusses a proposal of "a manipulator for casting of cylinders". This manipulator is a part of a brushing machine complex, which is not a part of my diploma thesis. With the aid of the manipulator it is possible to exchange cylinders of brushing machines. The computational section includes calculations of traversing mechanism, stroke mechanism and electric drive. Furthermore, a calculation of the main constructional elements is solved. One part of the diploma thesis is, indeed, dedicated to the partial graphic documentation, which is in the range of the assembly reports of the manipulator main parts.

<div>To perform high spatial resolution measurements on the characterization of a Surface Air-Cooled heat exchanger a suitable empirical procedure and a novel wide range traverse system have been defined.</div><div>The characterization through transient measurements involves a proper-sized test article with an array of electric resistances. These provide an accurate and controlled adjustment of the heat provided to the fin array and a fast interruption of the power delivered. A series of numerical simulations were performed on this warm-up state to ensure a homogeneous temperature field throughout the model, and results indicate a mutual constraint from adjacent fins in their respective ability to dissipate heat. Additionally, a large number of pressure taps, with a time response of 0.28 seconds, were distributed throughout the study array to capture and validate the pressure regions provided by numerical simulations that correspond to flow expansions and growth of horseshoe vortices. The test section was also supplemented with accurate RTD sensors to validate the simulated temperature fields, as well as other optical techniques to capture aerodynamic and thermal effects during the test campaigns.</div><div>To supplement the high-spatial-resolution measurements, a novel traverse system has been designed. This one combines the independent motions of a rotating disk and the translation of the plate containing such disk to locate a probe all over an unprecedented wide area in an uninterrupted way. A proper sealing was achieved through standard O-ring seals and the introduction of two custom chambers at the test section sides. The action of these seals led to the proper power selection for this mechanism. Finally, a series of Finite Element Analyses assessed the structural integrity of the proposed traversing system and defined its pressure performance map from vacuum to 6 [bar] in the test section.</div>

A new design methodology that produces hardware solutions for performing real-time image processing is presented here. This design methodology provides significant advantages over traditional hardware design approaches by translating real-time image processing tasks into the gate-level resources of programmable logic-based hardware architectures. The use of programmable logic allows high-performance solutions to be realized with very efficient utilization of available logic and interconnection resources. These implementations provide comparable performance at a lower cost than other available programmable logic-based hardware architectures. This new design methodology is based on two components: a programmable logic-based destination hardware architecture and a suite of development system software. The destination hardware architecture is a Custom Computing Machine (CCM) that contains multiple Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chips. FPGA chips provide gate-level programmability for the hardware architecture. Sophisticated software development tools, called the TRAVERSE development system software, are created to overcome the significant amount of time and expertise required to manually utilize this gate-level programmability. The new hardware architecture and development system software combine to establish a unique design methodology. There are several distinct contributions provided by this dissertation. The new flexible MORRPH hardware architecture provides a more efficient solution for creating real-time image processing computing machines than current commercial hardware architectures. The TRAVERSE development system software is the first integrated development system specifically for creating real-time image processing designs with multiple FPGA-based CCMs. New standards and design conventions are defined specifically for creating solutions to low-level image processing tasks, using the MORRPH architecture for verification. The circuit partitioning and global routing programs of the TRAVERSE development system software enable automated translation of image processing designs into the resources of multiple FPGA chips in the hardware architecture. In a broad sense, the individual contributions of this dissertation combine to create a new design methodology that will change the way hardware solutions are created for real-time image processing in the future. / Ph. D.

Durant les cinquante dernières années le développement technologique du train et des infrastructures ferroviaires ainsi que la rapide augmentation des vitesses en ligne ont provoqué une forte augmentation du besoin d'outils numériques pour la conception des infrastructures et des véhicules. Les principaux objectifs de mes travaux de recherche sont de deux ordres : d'une part contribuer à faire progresser les méthodes numériques en développant un outil rapide et simple, capable de simuler les principaux comportements physiques et d'autre par étudier, comprendre et décrire deux phénomènes particuliers: la vitesse critique et le tassement du ballast. La thèse est composée de deux parties. Dans la première partie on montre le modèle numérique adopté pour simuler le système véhicule/infrastructure. Les innovations fondamentales introduites dans cette partie de la thèse résident dans le modèle de liaison entre les attaches et le rail, et dans le nouvel algorithme proposé pour résoudre la non linéarité du problème. En effet, afin de rendre plus rapide la résolution, la méthode du point fixe a été couplée avec la méthode de Newton Raphson. La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée à la présentation des résultats numériques obtenus. Enfin, les résultats des simulations ont été utilisés pour la compréhension et la description de l'origine de la vitesse critique et des effets du train sur le tassement du ballast. La vitesse critique peut être définie comme une certaine valeur de vitesse qui provoque un fort incrément des vibrations et des déplacements verticaux et latéraux de l'infrastructure. Ce phénomène a été étudié par plusieurs équipes et a été attribué à un effet de résonance comparable au phénomène aérodynamique du mur du son: «Mach effect». Le train produit des vagues de déformation sur l'infrastructure; la vitesse de ces vagues, nommée «vitesse de Rayleigh», dépend principalement des caractéristiques du ballast et du sol. En effet même si l'effet «Mach» est physiquement plausible pour ces conditions, les trains n'atteignent pas, pour le moment, ces vitesses. Néanmoins des résultats expérimentaux ont permis l'observation du phénomène de la vitesse critique pour des trains roulant à la vitesse de 135 km/h (nombre Mach proche à 0.4). Donc, pour le moment, il n'y a ni estimation exacte ni explication physique de la vitesse critique dans l'intervalle inférieur à la vitesse de Rayleigh. Dans cette thèse une nouvelle explication a été proposée. La masse du train et les suspensions ont une influence non négligeable qui modifie la réponse du système véhicule/infrastructure en termes de modes de vibration. Pour cette raison, il est nécessaire de lier les fréquences d'excitation, et donc la vitesse du train, avec les modes de vibration du système couplé. Des comparaisons entre les analyses modales du système couplé et la déflexion de la traverse en fonction de la vitesse du train ont été menées. Lorsque la vitesse du train, qui excite le système suite aux passage des traverses, rejoint la valeur critique, un phénomène de résonance s'observe. La deuxième étude développée concerne les coûts des entretiens liés au tassement du ballast. Le but est de trouver une fonction de coûts liés aux caractéristiques et aux variables du véhicule, et de proposer une nouvelle méthode pour calculer la partie du péage ferroviaire lié au tassement du ballast (50 % environ du coût total). En calculant la déflection du ballast grâce au modèle présenté dans cette thèse, il est possible d'évaluer l'effet de chaque véhicule sur le tassement. Une fois calculé le coût total d'un certain type de ligne, lié à une certain seuil d'intervention (somme des intervention des bourrages plus la substitution total du ballast), il est possible d'évaluer le coût de chaque passage de train et de le lier à toutes le variables du modèle. / A numerical model to predict train induced vibrations is presented. The dynamic computation considers mutual interactions in vehicle/track coupled system by means of a finite and discrete elements method. The vehicle is modeled by 7 bi-dimensional rigid elements representing: the body, the two boogies and the four wheels. The railway is discretized as finite Timoshenko beam elements. Axial deformation is assumed insignificant. The substructure is made-up of: rail-pads, sleepers, ballast, and background. Rail-pads are modeled as spring/damper couples without mass and sleepers are modeled as rigid elements. The rail-sleeper contact is assumed extended to a connection-area, rather than a single point assumption. To model this area many spring/damper couples are disposed along the length of sleepers. The ballast is modeled as blocks of mass made-up of rigid elements, connected to sleeper by spring/damper couples. To allow the transmission of vibrations in longitudinal direction too, spring/damper couples connect ballast elements horizontally.The dynamic interaction between the wheel-sets and the rail is accomplished by using the non-linear Hertzian model with hysteresis damping. The rail defects and the case of out-of-round wheels are considered too.A modal analysis of supporting structure is done to validate the substructure model comparing it to experimental data.Comparisons between numerical results of our model, experimental data and numerical results of others literature models are done on contact-force, rail accelerations and sleepers accelerations to validate the coupled vehicle/track system.Moreover a modal analysis of the coupled vehicle/track system is done to analyze the relationship between resonance frequencies, train velocities and ballast displacements.A sensitivity analysis is done to evaluate the variables more affecting the maintenance costs. The parameters more conditioning the ballast maintenance costs are the ballast modulus and the train mass.The effects of train velocity on the ballast displacements are analyzed in relationship with substructure properties. A new formulation to evaluate the railway toll connected to ballast wear is introduced.A new interpretation of the critical velocity in the range 100-300 km/h is proposed.

A caracterização geológica e geotécnica dos locais de implantação de aterros sanitários é fundamental, tanto para fornecer subsídios adequados ao projeto de instalação das células de deposição dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), quanto para que se conheçam as características da área antes de ser modificada pela obra. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho visou mostrar a contribuição que a geofísica, com o uso da técnica da eletrorresistividade e do potencial espontâneo, associado a informações de investigação geotécnica direta pode dar para o estabelecimento de um background da área de instalação do aterro sanitário da cidade de São Carlos-SP. Foram realizados 7 caminhamentos elétricos (CE) com o arranjo dipolo-dipolo com eletrodos espaçados de 10 metros e três sondagens elétricas verticais (SEV), utilizando o arranjo Schlumberger, com profundidade de investigação de até 100 metros. Para processamento dos modelos bidimensionais dos CE utilizou-se o programa RES2DINV, e enquanto que para as SEV foi utilizado o modelo unidimensional. A interpretação dos modelos geoelétricos foi aperfeiçoada pela confrontação com informações geológico-geotécnicas prévias da área, obtidas nos estudos de impacto ambiental (EIA/RIMA) e resultados de sondagens de simples reconhecimento (SPT), realizadas na fase de estudo para implantação do aterro sanitário. Com isso foi possível definir com clareza a profundidade do topo rochoso e das zonas de maior umidade nos CE e SEV. O conjunto de seções de CE foi georeferenciada com o auxílio de GPS de precisão, o que permitiu o tratamento espacial das informações e o estabelecimento dos mapas da superfície do topo rochoso, das zonas de fluxo de água subterrânea e da espessura dos materiais inconsolidados. O conjunto de informações obtido permitiu identificar locais possíveis para a instalação futura de poços de monitoramento, assim como os dados geoelétricos das várias camadas servirá como padrão para identificar eventuais contaminações do solo ou da água subterrânea no futuro. A identificação da presença do topo rochoso em pequena profundidade, em algumas áreas do aterro, permite o melhor planejamento das escavações para instalação das células de deposição do RSU. / The geological and geotechnical characterization of landfill implantation areas is crucial; even to provide appropriate subsidies of urban solid residues (USR) installation project of deposition cells and for knowing the characteristics of the area before being modified by the work. In this sense, the present work aimed to show the contribution that the geophysics, with the use of electrical resistivity technique and the spontaneous potential, associated with direct geotechnical investigation information can give to the establishment of a background of landfill installation area from São Carlos-SP city. Were performed 7 electrical imaging (EI) with the dipole-dipole array with electrodes spaced by 10 meters and three vertical electrical sounding (VES), using the Schlumberger array with depth research up to 100 meters. For processing of two-dimensional models of the EI was used the RES2DINV program and while for the vertical electrical sounding (VES)-was used one-dimensional model. Interpretation of geoelectric models was enhanced by the confrontation with geological and geotechnical information of prior area, obtained in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) and results of a simple reconnaissance probes, performed in the study phase for the landfill implementation. It was possible to clearly define the depth of the bedrock and the higher humidity areas in the EI and VES. The set of sections electrical Imaging (EI) was georeferenced with the aid of GPS accuracy that allowed the spatial treatment of Information and the setting maps of the bedrock surface, the groundwater flow zones and the thickness of the unconsolidated materials. The obtained set of information enabling identification of possible locations for the wells future monitoring installation, as well as the geoelectrical data from several layers will be use as a standard to identify possible contamination of the soil or groundwater in the future. The identification of bedrock presence in small depth, in some areas of landfill, allows better planning of excavation for installation of MSW deposition cells.

A caracterização geológica e geotécnica dos locais de implantação de aterros sanitários é fundamental, tanto para fornecer subsídios adequados ao projeto de instalação das células de deposição dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), quanto para que se conheçam as características da área antes de ser modificada pela obra. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho visou mostrar a contribuição que a geofísica, com o uso da técnica da eletrorresistividade e do potencial espontâneo, associado a informações de investigação geotécnica direta pode dar para o estabelecimento de um background da área de instalação do aterro sanitário da cidade de São Carlos-SP. Foram realizados 7 caminhamentos elétricos (CE) com o arranjo dipolo-dipolo com eletrodos espaçados de 10 metros e três sondagens elétricas verticais (SEV), utilizando o arranjo Schlumberger, com profundidade de investigação de até 100 metros. Para processamento dos modelos bidimensionais dos CE utilizou-se o programa RES2DINV, e enquanto que para as SEV foi utilizado o modelo unidimensional. A interpretação dos modelos geoelétricos foi aperfeiçoada pela confrontação com informações geológico-geotécnicas prévias da área, obtidas nos estudos de impacto ambiental (EIA/RIMA) e resultados de sondagens de simples reconhecimento (SPT), realizadas na fase de estudo para implantação do aterro sanitário. Com isso foi possível definir com clareza a profundidade do topo rochoso e das zonas de maior umidade nos CE e SEV. O conjunto de seções de CE foi georeferenciada com o auxílio de GPS de precisão, o que permitiu o tratamento espacial das informações e o estabelecimento dos mapas da superfície do topo rochoso, das zonas de fluxo de água subterrânea e da espessura dos materiais inconsolidados. O conjunto de informações obtido permitiu identificar locais possíveis para a instalação futura de poços de monitoramento, assim como os dados geoelétricos das várias camadas servirá como padrão para identificar eventuais contaminações do solo ou da água subterrânea no futuro. A identificação da presença do topo rochoso em pequena profundidade, em algumas áreas do aterro, permite o melhor planejamento das escavações para instalação das células de deposição do RSU. / The geological and geotechnical characterization of landfill implantation areas is crucial; even to provide appropriate subsidies of urban solid residues (USR) installation project of deposition cells and for knowing the characteristics of the area before being modified by the work. In this sense, the present work aimed to show the contribution that the geophysics, with the use of electrical resistivity technique and the spontaneous potential, associated with direct geotechnical investigation information can give to the establishment of a background of landfill installation area from São Carlos-SP city. Were performed 7 electrical imaging (EI) with the dipole-dipole array with electrodes spaced by 10 meters and three vertical electrical sounding (VES), using the Schlumberger array with depth research up to 100 meters. For processing of two-dimensional models of the EI was used the RES2DINV program and while for the vertical electrical sounding (VES)-was used one-dimensional model. Interpretation of geoelectric models was enhanced by the confrontation with geological and geotechnical information of prior area, obtained in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) and results of a simple reconnaissance probes, performed in the study phase for the landfill implementation. It was possible to clearly define the depth of the bedrock and the higher humidity areas in the EI and VES. The set of sections electrical Imaging (EI) was georeferenced with the aid of GPS accuracy that allowed the spatial treatment of Information and the setting maps of the bedrock surface, the groundwater flow zones and the thickness of the unconsolidated materials. The obtained set of information enabling identification of possible locations for the wells future monitoring installation, as well as the geoelectrical data from several layers will be use as a standard to identify possible contamination of the soil or groundwater in the future. The identification of bedrock presence in small depth, in some areas of landfill, allows better planning of excavation for installation of MSW deposition cells.

This thesis was elaborated on the topic: Proposal and model of the detailed point network of positional point field by using total station and GPS. The detailed point network of positional point field was construct for following etailed measure as a part of complex land adaptation in cadastral area Záblatí u Prachatic and in cadastral area Horní Záblatí in the region of Prachatice. The aim was reconnaissance of the interest locality and existing point field, propose and complete existing network to cover interest locality in the desiderative density. Following the geodetic reading and map bases the reconnaissance of the ground control was done. The point network was completed by 15 detailed measuring points using the GPS method and the method of polygonal traverse and polar method. There was used the electronic total station Leica TC407 for polar method and for polygonal traverse, for GPS was used apparatus Leica GPS system 300 for the measuring in terrain.

The aim of this thesis is to create map of cave Výpustek surrounding enviroment. It is going to be complementary map documentation to existing map documentation made by the other students of VUT Brno. These documentations will be joined together and create one relief covering terain above the cave. The work began with building our own traverse and measuring detailed points. The result is topographical and hypsographical determination of the locality expressed numerically and topographically too. Another task was to measure and represent some profiles of main halls and passages of the cave. Intention is to connect underground space with the surface. Surveying network of points built previously inside the cave was used for measurements.

The East Traverse Mountains are an E-W trending mountain range dividing Utah and Salt Lake valleys in northern Utah. Geologically perplexing, the nature of the East Traverse Mountains has been under investigation for 140 years. Previously, the mountain range was proposed to be a dismembered but still coherent down-faulted block that experienced 4 km of post-thrusting extension within the Charleston-Nebo thrust sheet. However, new insight on the origin of the East Traverse Mountains indicate that it is a mega landslide, roughly ~100 km3 in size, which catastrophically slid from the upper reaches of the Little-Cottonwood stock to its present-day location. The primary evidence for this landslide includes two unusual dike swarms whose roots are in the Wasatch Range and whose upper reaches are now in the East Traverse Mountains, 16 km to the SW. A swarm of pebble dikes, indicative of porphyry mineralization is found at the center of the East Traverse Mountains and contain pebbles of Little-Cottonwood stock as well as two other intrusions found at the center of a mineralized zone. These granitic clasts have phyllic alteration, contain molybdenite grains and are sourced from a subeconomic molybdenum-copper porphyry deposit located 16 km to the NE. The other dike swarm occurs on the SE corner of the range near Alpine, Utah, which contains various andesitic and phaneritic dikes of intermediate-felsic compositions (56-69 wt.% SiO2) with localized marble on their southern margin. These dikes range in U-Pb ages from 36-29 Ma. Moreover, other evidence includes brecciation of the entire mountain range as well as along the slide path of this landslide. Breccia, as well as pseudotachylyte and cataclasite have been discovered that formed in the rapid transportation of the 1-2 km thick detached block. Devitrified pseudotachylyte veins range in thickness from 1 cm to 1 m and are present in the roof zone of the pluton. Sixteen kilometers of sliding caused 70-80% of the Oquirrh Group rocks of the East Traverse Mountains to be fractured to less than 1-inch diameter clasts in breccias and broken formations, as documented by 16 years of mining. U-bearing opal replaced significant areas of brecciated volcanic rocks when hot water seeped into highly-fractured, argillically altered rock. U-Pb ages of 6.1 ± 0.9 Ma from these opalite areas could provide a minimum age for the emplacement of the mountain block. Underlying the East Traverse Mountains slide block is a layer of fallout tuff deposited in the Jordan River Narrows member with 40Ar/39Ar ages of 6.62 ± 0.07 Ma which provides a maximum age of emplacement. Therefore, we propose that the East Traverse Mountains mega-landslide occurred between 6.1 ± 0.9 Ma and 6.62 ± 0.07 Ma. Our interpretation for the East Traverse Mountains mega-landslide model builds upon previous research and data, with the addition of these recent findings. This new interpretation is crucial for understanding the potential for large normal fault systems to create significant landslide hazards.