<p>Syfte</p><p>Tidigare forskning har visat att Tai Chi träning förbättrar balansen hos äldre. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om barns balans påverkades av träning som utfördes i ett långsamt tempo liknande Tai Chi träning.</p><p>Studien syftade också till att utreda om det förelåg någon skillnad i balans mellan pojkar och flickor och om något av könen tog till sig träningen bättre. Studien syftade även till att undersöka hur balansen påverkades då barnen utförde olika kognitiva uppgifter.</p><p>Metod</p><p>Studien fullföljdes av 41 barn i åldern 9-10 år. En interventionsgrupp, 19 barn tränade Tai Chi liknande rörelser dagligen under åtta veckor och denna jämfördes med en kontrollgrupp, 22 barn som inte fick denna träning.</p><p>Balansövningar utfördes på en kraftplatta samt på en metallprofil. Från övningarna på kraftplattan mättes standardavvikelse och amplitud av tryckcentrums mediolaterala och anterioposteriora förflyttning. Från övningarna på metallprofilen mättes antalet nedtramp.</p><p>Resultat</p><p>Många parametrar mättes men endast en uppvisade en signifikant träningseffekt. Pojkarna minskade standardavvikelsen på tryckcentrums mediolaterala förflyttning vid stående med öppna ögon.</p><p>Studien uppmätte vissa skillnader i balans mellan pojkar och flickor.</p><p>Mätningar av tryckcentrums förflyttning då barnen utförde olika uppgifter uppmätte en signifikant skillnad vid stående med öppna ögon jämfört med stående då ögonen var stängda (med eller utan utförande av en samtida kognitiv uppgift).</p><p>Övningarna på metallskenan förbättrades lika mycket i tränings- som kontrollgrupp.</p><p>Slutsats</p><p>Studien ger indikationer att träningsformen i viss utsträckning var effektiv då daglig träning under åtta veckor gav signifikant förbättring i en av de testade parametrarna.</p><p>Dessa fynd är i linje med de fåtal studier som finns på träning av balans hos barn.</p><p> </p> / <p>Aim.</p><p>Previous studies have shown that Tai Chi exercises improve postural control in elderly people. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if similar Thai Chi like training affects postural control in children. Secondary aims of the study was 1) to investigate if any such effects from training differs between boys and girls and 2) to investigate whether performing a cognitive task during balance testing had any effect on postural control in these children.</p><p>Method.</p><p>In the balance tests, different tasks were performed on a force plate and on a metal profile. From the tasks performed on the force plate, the standard deviations and amplitudes of the mediolateral and anterioposterior displacements of center of pressure were measured. From the tasks performed on the metal profile, the number of clampdowns were counted.</p><p>The study was conducted over an eight week period with 41 children in the ages 9-10 years old. The children were divided into two groups; children in the training group (n=19) who participated in Tai Chi like training every day, and children in the control group (n=22) who did not participate in this training.</p><p>Results.</p><p>The study also showed some differences in postural control between boys and girls.</p><p>When comparing the displacement in center of pressure between different two-legged tasks performed on the force plate, significantly less displacement was found in the task involving standing with open eyes compared to all tasks involving standing with closed eyes (with or without a concurrent cognitive task).</p><p>The number of clampdowns from the metal profile were reduced after the training period, to a similar extent in the control and the training groups.</p><p>Several different aspects of the postural control were measured in the study. Only one of these improved significantly with training. Boys in the intervention group showed a decrease in the standard deviation of the mediolateral displacement of the center of pressure when standing with open eyes.</p><p>Conclusion.</p><p>These results are also consistent with similar studies on postural control among children.</p><p>This study indicates that slow motion training, similar to Tai Chi, has a small but positive effect on postural control, for boys 9-10 year old, when conducted every day over an eight week period, as one of the tested parameters shows an improvement.</p><p> </p>

Syfte Tidigare forskning har visat att Tai Chi träning förbättrar balansen hos äldre. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om barns balans påverkades av träning som utfördes i ett långsamt tempo liknande Tai Chi träning. Studien syftade också till att utreda om det förelåg någon skillnad i balans mellan pojkar och flickor och om något av könen tog till sig träningen bättre. Studien syftade även till att undersöka hur balansen påverkades då barnen utförde olika kognitiva uppgifter. Metod Studien fullföljdes av 41 barn i åldern 9-10 år. En interventionsgrupp, 19 barn tränade Tai Chi liknande rörelser dagligen under åtta veckor och denna jämfördes med en kontrollgrupp, 22 barn som inte fick denna träning. Balansövningar utfördes på en kraftplatta samt på en metallprofil. Från övningarna på kraftplattan mättes standardavvikelse och amplitud av tryckcentrums mediolaterala och anterioposteriora förflyttning. Från övningarna på metallprofilen mättes antalet nedtramp. Resultat Många parametrar mättes men endast en uppvisade en signifikant träningseffekt. Pojkarna minskade standardavvikelsen på tryckcentrums mediolaterala förflyttning vid stående med öppna ögon. Studien uppmätte vissa skillnader i balans mellan pojkar och flickor. Mätningar av tryckcentrums förflyttning då barnen utförde olika uppgifter uppmätte en signifikant skillnad vid stående med öppna ögon jämfört med stående då ögonen var stängda (med eller utan utförande av en samtida kognitiv uppgift). Övningarna på metallskenan förbättrades lika mycket i tränings- som kontrollgrupp. Slutsats Studien ger indikationer att träningsformen i viss utsträckning var effektiv då daglig träning under åtta veckor gav signifikant förbättring i en av de testade parametrarna. Dessa fynd är i linje med de fåtal studier som finns på träning av balans hos barn. / Aim. Previous studies have shown that Tai Chi exercises improve postural control in elderly people. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if similar Thai Chi like training affects postural control in children. Secondary aims of the study was 1) to investigate if any such effects from training differs between boys and girls and 2) to investigate whether performing a cognitive task during balance testing had any effect on postural control in these children. Method. In the balance tests, different tasks were performed on a force plate and on a metal profile. From the tasks performed on the force plate, the standard deviations and amplitudes of the mediolateral and anterioposterior displacements of center of pressure were measured. From the tasks performed on the metal profile, the number of clampdowns were counted. The study was conducted over an eight week period with 41 children in the ages 9-10 years old. The children were divided into two groups; children in the training group (n=19) who participated in Tai Chi like training every day, and children in the control group (n=22) who did not participate in this training. Results. The study also showed some differences in postural control between boys and girls. When comparing the displacement in center of pressure between different two-legged tasks performed on the force plate, significantly less displacement was found in the task involving standing with open eyes compared to all tasks involving standing with closed eyes (with or without a concurrent cognitive task). The number of clampdowns from the metal profile were reduced after the training period, to a similar extent in the control and the training groups. Several different aspects of the postural control were measured in the study. Only one of these improved significantly with training. Boys in the intervention group showed a decrease in the standard deviation of the mediolateral displacement of the center of pressure when standing with open eyes. Conclusion. These results are also consistent with similar studies on postural control among children. This study indicates that slow motion training, similar to Tai Chi, has a small but positive effect on postural control, for boys 9-10 year old, when conducted every day over an eight week period, as one of the tested parameters shows an improvement.

Tai Chi Chuan is a safe alternative for those who wish to improve balance and physical wellbeing. It is a popular form of exercise that is supported by a growing body of research aimed towards improving the health of a sedentary elderly population. The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical features of the lower extremity during performance of two Tai Chi movements, the “Repulse Monkey (RM)” and “Wave-hands in clouds (WHIC).” The study’s parameters included quantitative measures of the temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic characteristics of the lower extremities. A group of experienced male Tai Chi practitioners (n = 15) between the ages of 65 to 75, performed “Repulse Monkey (RM)”, “Wave-hand in Cloud (WHIC)”, and forward walking. Three-dimensional (3-D) kinematic and kinetic data was collected using VICON motion analysis system with 10 infrared cameras and 4 force plates. The following variables were examined: stride width, step length, step width, single- and double-support times, centre of mass (COM) displacement, peak joint angles, range of motion, peak joint moments, time to peak moment, and ground reaction force (GRF). The differences in the measurements of the two Tai Chi movements were compared with walking using two-way ANOVA. The study’s results showed that the two Tai Chi movements elicit gentle and fluid changes to position of the upper body mass and the joints in the lower extremity. In terms of joint kinematics, the knee remained flexed throughout RM and WHIC. Unlike walking, RM had larger abduction and adduction angles at the knee joints and large plantar- and dorsiflexion ROM at the ankle. Reduced posterior, mediolateral, and vertical GRF were seen; the loading joints at the ankle and hip were gentle and smaller than walking. Varus/valgus moments were notably larger at the knee joint during RM and eversion moment was larger at the ankle joint during WHIC movement. A large, but slow loading rate at the knee joint has implication towards the viscoelastic properties of the knee. A better understanding of RM and WHIC would facilitate the improvement of balance, physical capacity, and joint flexibility for the elders.

Bakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes är en sjukdom som i ökar Sverige. En viktig uppgift som sjuksköterskan har är att motivera patienter med typ 2-diabetes till livsstilsförändringar vad gäller kost, motion, rökavvänjning och stresshantering och får dessutom skriva ut fysisk aktivitet på recept. Intresset för komplementär och alternativ medicin (KAM) ökar i västvärlden. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att belysa möjliga effekter av yoga, tai chi och qigong på ett urval objektiva och subjektiva parametrar hos vuxna personer med eller med risk för typ 2-diabetes. Metod: Litteraturöversikt, baserad på 17 vetenskapliga studier. En innehållsanalys gjordes för att sammanställa materialet och studera likheter och skillnader. Resultat: Yoga, tai chi och qigong hade i vissa fall positiva effekter på parametrarna blodglykos, lipider, kroppsmått, blodtryck, fysiskt och psykiskt välbefinnande, vitalitet, stresshantering, och motivation för egenvård. Diskussion: Att ställa de olika studiernas resultat mot varandra var inte möjligt på grund av att de skiljde sig från varandra vad gäller urval, design och intervention. Då dessa mind-body-terapier ej är vetenskapligt bevisade får de inte rekommenderas av sjuksköterskor. Dock åligger det sjuksköterskor enligt Socialstyrelsens kompetensbeskrivning att inspirera till dialog om införande av ny kunskap. Slutsats: Innan rekommendationer kan ges bör effekten av de olika teknikerna undersökas närmare.

We have previously used a two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis protein expression with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization of mass spectrometry to identify the serum proteomic profiles before and after the Tai Chi exercise in normal adults (Yang & Chang, et al. Clin Chem 56:127, 2010). However, the high abundant serum proteins in seyal samples might interfere the discovery of low abundance proteins in two-dimensional electrophoresis, but these low abundant proteins may play an important role on human physiology. Therefore, we looked for another way to resolve this complex issue. After multiple attempts, we chose a commercial affinity column to exclude 14 kinds of high-abundance proteins before analyses of serum proteomic displays. This column could be fit into a fast liquid chromatography separation of purified proteins and eluted for low abundant proteins. The low abundant proteins were first expressed by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins followed by a series of gel cut down for in-gel digestion by trypsin and subject to nano-liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis (nano-LC ESI MS/MS ). The results obtained by software analysis were subject to its functional pathways analysis. We analysed 3 comparisons of the protein displays including differences between normal adults before and after exercise, differences of normal adults and diabetic patients before and after exercise. Experiments were next performed to validate the most significant difference of proteins between each category by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results showed that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) proteins were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in normal adults ( P values were 0.011 and less than 0.001), while the prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) was higher in normal adults than in diabetic patients after exercise (P value of 0.042). To our knowledge, decrease of DPP4 in type 2 diabetes has been shown to reduce blood sugar and improve the immunity; and NGAL has been confirmed to be an indicator for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Therefore, we have identified certain functional proteomic markers in normal and diabetic patients after Tai Chi exercise. This study model with exclusion of high-abundance serum proteins is a useful mode for identifying immune and metabolic marker with and without.

Ce mémoire a pour but une compréhension globale de ce qu'est l'entraînement de l'esprit à la Société de tai chi taoïste du Canada. Dans le chapitre I, j'ai d'abord décrit certains aspects de la culture de cette organisation et j'ai élaboré quelques concepts qui pourraient être interprétés comme constituant l'entraînement de l'esprit. Ensuite, dans le chapitre II, j'ai approfondi des éléments provenant de mes observations et de mon expérience à la Société, pour faire des parallèles avec des caractéristiques attribuées aux processus de changement en U telles que recensées, entre autres, par Paul Carle (2012). Dans le chapitre III, j'ai décrit les étapes par lesquelles j'ai dû passer pour entrer en relation avec l'organisation en tant que chercheuse. J'ai donc exposé les moments importants dans la mise en place de ma démarche, dont le point culminant a été la diffusion du questionnaire en ligne aux instructeurs. Le chapitre IV expose en détail les réponses reçues et qui m'ont permis de mieux comprendre comment est vécu et perçu ce qu'on appelle l'entraînement de l'esprit à la Société et comment cela pouvait être vécu comme un processus de changement. J'ai aussi témoigné d'une expérience personnelle rappelant un tel processus, suivant une trajectoire en U, et que j'ai vécu dans une situation qui pourrait être interprétée comme l'entraînement de l'esprit à la Société. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Entraînement de l'esprit, courbes en U, la Société de tai chi taoïste du Canada, processus de changement.

In this research work we tried to determine shin flexors and extensors muscles power, body balance and posture changes for the patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis, depending of performed work and disease conditions. The purpose Of this research work was to determine the maximum power of shin flexor and extensor muscles and human body balance changes. Aims: To determine shin flexor muscles power, at different degrees of angular velocity. To determine shin extensor muscle power, at different degrees of angular velocity. To compare flexor and extensor muscle power at different degrees of angular velocity. To determine body swing lengths. To determine Tai Chi marital art exercises effectiveness on human body balance. Methods. In this research took part Multiple Sclerosis Society of Kaunas District “OREMUS” patients. Man (n=3), women (n=6). Age average in years 46 ± 6. The applied tests methods were dynamometric, posturographic and physiotherapy. Dinamometry sessions consisted of four series (5, 10, 15, 15 repetitions) performed at 30°/s, 180°/s, 300°/s, 500°/s of angular velocity. A ten seconds rest was allowed between the series. Verbal encouragements was given during every trial. 4 such testing session were done all together. Peak torque, average power and work performed were recorded. During the second test method applied, patients were allowed to stand steady 60s. on the tensoplatform and to step on it from the right and secondarily from the left leg. Body Mass... [to full text]

Tai Chi Chuan is a safe alternative for those who wish to improve balance and physical wellbeing. It is a popular form of exercise that is supported by a growing body of research aimed towards improving the health of a sedentary elderly population. The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical features of the lower extremity during performance of two Tai Chi movements, the “Repulse Monkey (RM)” and “Wave-hands in clouds (WHIC).” The study’s parameters included quantitative measures of the temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic characteristics of the lower extremities. A group of experienced male Tai Chi practitioners (n = 15) between the ages of 65 to 75, performed “Repulse Monkey (RM)”, “Wave-hand in Cloud (WHIC)”, and forward walking. Three-dimensional (3-D) kinematic and kinetic data was collected using VICON motion analysis system with 10 infrared cameras and 4 force plates. The following variables were examined: stride width, step length, step width, single- and double-support times, centre of mass (COM) displacement, peak joint angles, range of motion, peak joint moments, time to peak moment, and ground reaction force (GRF). The differences in the measurements of the two Tai Chi movements were compared with walking using two-way ANOVA. The study’s results showed that the two Tai Chi movements elicit gentle and fluid changes to position of the upper body mass and the joints in the lower extremity. In terms of joint kinematics, the knee remained flexed throughout RM and WHIC. Unlike walking, RM had larger abduction and adduction angles at the knee joints and large plantar- and dorsiflexion ROM at the ankle. Reduced posterior, mediolateral, and vertical GRF were seen; the loading joints at the ankle and hip were gentle and smaller than walking. Varus/valgus moments were notably larger at the knee joint during RM and eversion moment was larger at the ankle joint during WHIC movement. A large, but slow loading rate at the knee joint has implication towards the viscoelastic properties of the knee. A better understanding of RM and WHIC would facilitate the improvement of balance, physical capacity, and joint flexibility for the elders.

Thesis (Ph. D)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-101). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-101). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.