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Han Yu is famous in Chinese history both for his literature and for his defense of Confucianism at a time when it was being seriously challenged by Buddhism and religious Taoism. Although his influ- ence was limited during his own lifetime, in later times Han Yu came to symbolize the conservative Confucian values that are often identi- fied with the traditional Chinese state. This study examines Han Yu's life and thought in an attempt to determine to what extent his later image as an ideal Confucian was or was not justified. A chapter on the historical background provides the context for Han Yu's biography, which is divided into five chap- ters. This is followed by a chapter discussing the intellectual back- ground of Han Yu's thought. Two further chapters discuss, first, the basis of Han Yu's conservative image, and, second, a number of his writings which illustrate the limits of his conservatism. Han Yu's ideas are related to the political and social circumstan- ces of his times, and it is found that while he is indeed a conservative and a Confucian, the extent of both his conservatism and his Confucian orthodoxy have been exaggerated.

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese Language and Literature / Master / Master of Arts

本論文題為「天子腳下:初唐詩人筆下的長安」，以三個方面展開論述。初唐由於詩歌存留較少，且多被視為酒宴歌席的應制詩。然而筆者嘗試從幾個前人從未剖析的角度切入，嘗試理解初唐詩歌中蘊涵的幾層意涵。 / 第一個方面將觀察初唐君臣在建國之際，初盛唐交界處，君主與臣子在詩文中展現的憂患，面對過去的歷史抑或當下的建設充滿不安。筆者進而發現，從漢魏六朝開始，揚雄的歷史形象不斷出現，作為讀書人在不得志的時代的精神典範，其閉門讀書而著述有成的態度為後世所推崇，並在詩文中展現。過往我們對於讀書人與長安相互關係的討論較為單一化，多從追名逐利或建功立業的角度看待他們奔往長安的意圖，較少關注他們對於長安在轉變過程中的批評。 / 筆者將從公共風景區與建築思想探討詩人足跡下的筆墨之跡。此處主要論述集中在筆者採集所得最多、最有意義的地點昆明池、樂遊原、曲江為考察對象，試圖找出記憶與地方之間的關係。昆明池，集合了詩人們對於神話的集體記憶。樂遊原上的酒宴歌席，成了中晚唐詩人懷念大唐繁盛的記憶。而曲江，更成了詩人們遊賞之地，為後來者一再詠懷。 / 筆者嘗試從廟宇與宮殿觀察初唐人蘊含在詩歌中的建築思想。一棟又一棟的建築，是天子腳下的宮殿又或神聖的神殿，詩人們透過自身對於建築的吟詠，描寫了建築的細緻雕刻，隱約間也透露集體對於建築的想像及寄託。筆者將從大量的詩歌中歸納其中特質。 / 本論文試圖從前人豐碩的唐代長安研究中，尋找一些被忽略的思想特質，並以此補充一般觀念上缺失忽略的，讀書人與長安的關係。 / The paper entitled "Under emperor’s feet: Chang An as Described by Poets of Early Tang Dynasty" will discuss the topic from three aspects. There are only very few early Tang poetry remained and they are mostly considered as banquet poetry. I will try to analyze them from several unprecedented angles and try to understand multiple implied meanings in the early Tang Poetry. / The first aspect is from the sense of urgency as the starting point. By observing how the founding members of the Early Tang Dynasty expressing their worries, especially during the transition to the great era, we can see their anxieties when dealing with the past and also the development at that point of time. It then found that, from the beginning of the Six Dynasties, Yang Xiong’s historical image kept emerging as the scholars’ spiritual model during unsuccessful times. His focusing on reading and writing successfully won the respect of the future generations, and is demonstrated in poems. In the past, we tend to view the relationship between scholars and Chang An towards chasing the fame and making contributions, and less focus on their critics towards Chang An in the process of transition. / In addition, I will discuss the poets’ writings as influenced by the public sceneries and architectural ideas. The third chapter discusses my most concentrated collection and significant place in Kunming pool, Le Youyuan, Qujiang as the studies subject, trying to figure out the relationship between memory and place. Kunming pool, a collection of poets to the myth of collective memory. Le Youyuan banquet song on the late Tang became nostalgic memories of prosperous Tang. The Qujiang, became poets touring place and was remembered by future generations. / Finally, I try to observe from the architectural perspective of the temples and palaces, and see the architectural thinking embedded in poets’ writings. Buildings after buildings are under the emperor’s foot and these buildings consist of palaces and temples. Poets described the buildings in their own chants, and describing the meticulous carving of the buildings. This vaguely revealed the collective imagination and sustenance towards the buildings. I will summarized the characteristics from the huge amounts of poems. / This dissertation attempts to find out some missing overlooked ideological character, about the relation between Tang’s poets and the Chang’an. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 高坤翠. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2016. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-172). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Gao Kuncui.

by Ho Yiu-fai. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves [182]-[186].

by Chan Kit Sze Amy. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-116). / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter II --- Translation As Understanding --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter III --- Hermeneutics And Translation --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter IV --- Language And Translation --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter V --- Translation Of Tang Poetry --- p.53 / Appendix Works Cited --- p.109

翁凉平. / 論文(碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院中國語言及文學學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 175-198 (3rd group) / Weng Liangping. / Chapter 笫一章 --- 绪渝 --- p.1-9 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究緣起 --- p.1 / Chapter 笫二節 --- 研究步驟與研研究方法 --- p.5 / Chapter 表1.1 --- 盛唐詩人現存懷古詩數目及所佔百分比 --- p.8 / Chapter 第二章 --- 懷古詩釋義 --- p.10-50 / Chapter 第一節 --- 前言 買 --- p.10 / Chapter 笫二節 --- 有關詩歌分類書籍之分類情况 --- p.11 / Chapter 表2.1 --- 今見咏史詩集選詩情况綜覽 --- p.12 / Chapter 表2.2 --- 詩歌分類集對於歷史題材詩歌的歸類综覽 --- p.12 / Chapter 表2.3 --- 詩歌分類集“懷古題´ح詩歸類綜覽 --- p.14 / Chapter 笫三節 --- 有關懷古詩與咏史诗意義之討論综覽 --- p.15 / Chapter 臺、 --- 以“懷古´ح涵蓋“咏史´ح --- p.16 / Chapter 貳、 --- 以“咏史´ح涵篕“懷古´ح --- p.16 / Chapter 叁、 --- “懷古´ح與“咏史´ح區分 --- p.18 / Chapter (一） --- 歌咏的觸發點 --- p.18 / Chapter (二） --- 抒情與議論的比重 --- p.21 / Chapter (三） --- 懷古詩抒發興亡之感 --- p.25 / Chapter 肆、 --- 小結 --- p.26 / Chapter 第四節 --- 懷古詩意義的界定 --- p.26 / Chapter 臺、 --- “憑弔´ح與“讀史´ح之辯 --- p.27 / Chapter 貳、 --- “咏古´ح與“感舊´ح之辯 --- p.31 / Chapter 叁、 --- “抒情´ح與“議論´ح之辨 --- p.32 / Chapter 肆、 --- 廣義的懷古詩 --- p.35 / Chapter 第五節 --- 结語 --- p.38. / Chapter 表2.4 --- 全唐“懷古題´ح詩吟咏古人史事综覽 --- p.40 / Chapter 第三章 --- 懷古诗的成型及盛唐前的發展 --- p.51-77 / Chapter 笫一節 --- 前言 --- p.51 / Chapter 笫二節 --- 懷古心靈的源頭 --- p.52 / Chapter 臺、 --- 歷史思維的方式 --- p.53 / Chapter 貳、 --- 敏感的時間意識 --- p.56 / Chapter 叁、 --- 小結 --- p.56 / Chapter 第三節 --- 唐以前懷古及咏史文學的發展 --- p.57 / Chapter 臺、 --- 漢賦感發史事而咏懷 --- p.57 / Chapter 貳、 --- 班固初以“咏史´ح命題 --- p.60 / Chapter 叁、 --- 魏晉初期的咏史詩篇 --- p.61 / Chapter 肆、 --- 阮籍託古以咏懷 --- p.63 / Chapter 伍、 --- 左思咏史以抒懷 --- p.64 / Chapter 陸、 --- 陶淵明咏史言志 --- p.65 / Chapter 染、 --- 南朝詩人的咏史詩 --- p.67 / Chapter 捌、 --- 南朝詩人的懷古詩 --- p.69 / Chapter 玖、 --- 小结 --- p.71 / Chapter 第四節 --- 初唐懷古詩的成型 --- p.72 / Chapter 臺、 --- 李百藥初以“懷古´ح命題 --- p.72 / Chapter 貳、 --- 劉希夷的懷古詩 --- p.73 / Chapter 叁、 --- 陳子昂奠定懷古詩结構 --- p.74 / Chapter 肆、 --- 張九龄的懷古詩 --- p.76 / Chapter 伍、 --- 小结 --- p.76 / Chapter 笫五節 --- 結語 --- p.76 / Chapter 笫四章 --- 盛唐詩人懷古詩的思想内涵 --- p.78-153 / Chapter 笫一節 --- 前言 --- p.78 / Chapter 笫二節 --- 贊頌前賢之才德功業 --- p.80 / Chapter 臺、 --- 英雄事功 --- p.81 / Chapter 貳、 --- 功成身退 --- p.88 / Chapter 叁、 --- 濟世安民 --- p.91 / Chapter 肆、 --- 文名昭著 --- p.92 / Chapter 伍、 --- 小結 --- p.97 / Chapter 笫三節 --- 惋嘆古人之千秋遺恨 --- p.97 / Chapter 臺、 --- 出師未捷 --- p.98 / Chapter 貳、 --- 高才不遇 --- p.102 / Chapter 叁、 --- 支離飄泊 --- p.106 / Chapter 肆、 --- 紅頦恨事 --- p.107 / Chapter 伍、 --- 小结 --- p.110 / Chapter 笫四節 --- 欽慕知己之相契相合 --- p.110 / Chapter 臺、 --- 君臣契合 --- p.110 / Chapter 貳、 --- 知己投契 --- p.113 / Chapter 叁、 --- 禮賢下士 --- p.116 / Chapter 肆、 --- 異代知音 --- p.118 / Chapter 伍、 --- 小结 --- p.119 / Chapter 笫五節 --- 悲感時間之無情流逝 --- p.119 / Chapter 臺、 --- 物是人非 --- p.120 / Chapter 貳、 --- 故迹荒廢 --- p.127 / Chapter 叁、 --- 六朝興亡 --- p.130 / Chapter 肆、 --- 小结 --- p.132 / Chapter 笫六節 --- 諷諫政局之動蕩污亂 --- p.133 / Chapter 臺、 --- 荒淫誤國 --- p.133 / Chapter 貳、 --- 奸佞亂玫 --- p.136 / Chapter 叁、 --- 宮闈淫亂 --- p.140 / Chapter 肆、 --- 豪奢誤國 --- p.141 / Chapter 伍、 --- 小结 --- p.143 / Chapter 第七節 --- 艷羡名士之風流行止 --- p.143 / Chapter 笫八節 --- 结語 --- p.148 / Chapter 表4.1 --- 杜甫懷古詩编年 --- p.149 / Chapter 第五章 --- 盛唐诗人懷古詩的藝術特色 --- p.151-222 / Chapter 第一節 --- 前言 --- p.151 / Chapter 第二節 --- 篇章结構方面 --- p.152 / Chapter 臺、 --- 寫景發端 --- p.152 / Chapter 貳、 --- 叙事發端 --- p.156 / Chapter 叁、 --- 抒情發端 --- p.159 / Chapter 表5.1 --- 主要盛唐懷古詩人的開篇安排 --- p.160 / Chapter 肆、 --- 以寫景爲主 --- p.160 / Chapter 伍、 --- 以叙事爲主 --- p.161 / Chapter 陸、 --- 以抒情為主 --- p.162 / Chapter 柒、 --- 以議論爲主 --- p.163 / Chapter 表5.2 --- 盛唐懷古詩人的特殊章法结構 --- p.164 / Chapter 捌、 --- 小结 --- p.164 / Chapter 第三節 --- 景物描繪方面 --- p.165 / Chapter 臺、 --- 景物擇取 --- p.165 / Chapter (一） --- 人間架構 --- p.166 / Chapter (二） --- 自然景觀 --- p.169 / Chapter (三） --- 二景交融 --- p.178 / Chapter 貳、 --- 意象營造 --- p.181 / Chapter 叁、 --- 動静兼備 --- p.185 / Chapter 肆、 --- 聲色點染 --- p.188 / Chapter 伍、 --- 鏡頭轉移 --- p.192 / Chapter 陸、 --- 小結 --- p.196 / Chapter 第四節 --- 史事叙述方面 --- p.197 / Chapter 臺、 --- 古人的契合 --- p.197 / Chapter 貳、 --- 史事的概括 --- p.201 / Chapter 叁、 --- 小結 --- p.205 / Chapter 笫五節 --- 情感抒發方面 --- p.205 / Chapter 臺、 --- 委婉示意 --- p.205 / Chapter 貳、 --- 直抒胸臆 --- p.210 / Chapter 叁、 --- 小结 --- p.212 / Chapter 笫六節 --- 議論闌發方面 --- p.212 / Chapter 臺、 --- 評價英雄 --- p.213 / Chapter 貳、 --- 諷諫時政 --- p.214 / Chapter 叁、 --- 表達史觀 --- p.215 / Chapter 肆、 --- 小結 --- p.217 / Chapter 笫七節 --- 结語 --- p.217 / Chapter 表5.3 --- 盛唐詩人懷古詩中荒寂的人間架構 --- p.218 / Chapter 表5.4 --- 盛唐詩人懷古詩中璀璨的人間架構 --- p.220 / Chapter 表5.5 --- 盛唐詩人懷古詩中蕭瑟的自然景觀 --- p.221 / Chapter 笫六章 --- 盛唐詩人懷古詩對後世文學的影響舉隅 --- p.223 -275 / Chapter 第一節 --- 前言 --- p.223 / Chapter 第二節 --- 縱論 --- p.224 / Chapter 臺、 --- 中晚唐詩 --- p.225 / Chapter 貳、 --- 兩宋詩詞 --- p.233 / Chapter 叁、 --- 元曲明清詩詞 --- p.242 / Chapter 肆、 --- 小結 --- p.249 / Chapter 第三節 --- 横論 --- p.250 / Chapter 臺、 --- 體裁方面的影響 --- p.250 / Chapter 貳、 --- 題材方面的影響 --- p.251 / Chapter (一） --- 六朝興廢地 --- p.251 / Chapter (二） --- 功蓋三分國 --- p.253 / Chapter (三） --- 蜀相階前柏 --- p.256 / Chapter 叁、 --- 內容方面的影響 --- p.257 / Chapter (一） --- 針砭時政 --- p.257 / Chapter (二） --- 陳抒史觀 --- p.259 / Chapter (三） --- 別出新意 --- p.260 / Chapter (四） --- 化用詩意 --- p.261 / Chapter 肆、 --- 藝術方面的影響 --- p.264 / Chapter (一） --- 小中見大 --- p.264 / Chapter (二) --- 排他手法 --- p.266 / Chapter (三） --- 言簡意賅 --- p.267 / Chapter (四） --- 以少總多 --- p.268 / Chapter (五） --- 假设虛構 --- p.269 / Chapter (六） --- 略去時距 --- p.270 / Chapter (七） --- 議論評断 --- p.271 / Chapter (八） --- 託物言古 --- p.272 / Chapter 伍、 --- 小結 --- p.274 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結語 --- p.274 / Chapter 笫七章 --- 结論 --- p.276 -280 / 附錄一 全唐“懷古題´ح詩 --- p.1-29 / 附錄二 全唐“咏史題´ح詩篇目 --- p.30-40 / 附錄三 盛唐诗人懷古詩匯評 --- p.41-174 / 附錄四 参考書目 --- p.175-198