The diploma thesis deals with the tax system of Sweden. The object of this thesis is to describe a tax system which differs from the other countries of the European Union. The bulk of this thesis is the analysis of the development of Swedish tax system in dependence on economic and political situation of the country, the introduction of actual tax conditions and current changes relating to the taxation originating in the economic development of the country, progressive European integration and also in the worldwide financial crisis. Furthermore, this work compares basic tax indicators within Sweden and other states of the European Union. On the basis of such a diploma thesis, the reader should acquire a complex insight into the character and specifics of the Swedish tax system.

This thesis should typify different real ways of tax basis interferences with the help of creative accounting. My thesis describes different examples uncovered by the tax office - reduction of revenues, rise of costs, acceleration of costs or relationships between related persons, that have an influence on tax basis. Components of my thesis are also the chapters on personal consumption of businessman, deficits, surpluses and mistakes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taisa Silva Reque.pdf: 1230823 bytes, checksum: bb5376deb136e1a8a9a2cb7f1542047c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The granting of ICMS tax incentives by States in order to attract investments is a recurrent and old practice: it was already practiced during the term of the former Tax on Sales and Consignment (IVC), collaborating to what we call "tax competition". Our goal with this study is to demonstrate the abuse of this practice, focusing on "reduction of the tax basis", demonstrating that, conceptually, it cannot be equated with exemption (partial), but still its use is done improperly encouraging yet plus the dispute between federal entities. With an overly complex and burdensome tax law, which ultimately stimulates this type of practice, the problem of the tax competition becomes increasingly more difficult to solve, affecting taxpayers who are subject to the power of States, who handle the legal concepts violating the law, the principles and the jurisprudence / A concessão de incentivos fiscais pelos Estados no âmbito do ICMS com o objetivo de atrair investimentos é prática recorrente e antiga: durante a vigência do extinto Imposto sobre Vendas e Consignações (IVC) já se praticava o que denominamos de "guerra fiscal". Nosso intuito com este trabalho é ressaltar o abuso dessa prática com foco no conceito "redução da base de cálculo", demonstrando que conceitualmente ela não pode ser equiparada a isenção (parcial), mas que ainda assim o seu uso é feito de forma abusiva com intuito de fomentar ainda mais o conflito entre os Estados. Com uma legislação tributária excessivamente complexa e onerosa, que acaba por estimular esse tipo de prática, o problema da guerra fiscal se torna cada vez difícil de resolver, prejudicando contribuintes que ficam submetidos ao poder dos Estados, que por sua vez manipulam os conceitos jurídicos procurando contornar legislações, princípios e jurisprudências

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Guimaraes Dunder Conde.pdf: 1178294 bytes, checksum: f9b7f5249e81fbfe5fb09150d9262ff2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-09 / The tax levied on sales and services ICMS set forth in article 155, paragraph 2, of the Brazilian Federal Constitution is one of the most relevant taxes in Brazil on account of its high collection power. Such tax contemplates some matters subject to application; however, the common core of all of such matters is the principle of noncumulativeness, which authorizes taxpayers to use the credit of the ICMS levied on a preceding transaction in order to offset such tax in the subsequent phase. As it is a compulsory and self-applicable rule, such concept is a true guarantee of the parties against tax imposition. Nevertheless, there are exceptions. Pursuant to the Brazilian Federal Constitution, transactions which are exempt or are not subject (immune) to ICMS do not generate credit subject to offset in the following phase, and also annul the credit upon entry. The major debate lies in the fact that the reduction of the ICMS tax basis has to belong to the kind of tax exemption in order to cause the annulment of the credit upon entry. There are no doubts that it does not apply to this doctrine because in this doctrine there is no obligation of payment of the tax, whereas in that doctrine, there is such obligation. Then, what can be concluded is that there are different ways to grant tax benefits: in one way, the tax obligation remains, and this includes a reduction in the tax basis; in the other way, the tax obligation does not remain, which is an event of tax exemption. Therefore, the recent decision from the Federal Supreme Court is not lawful from a scientific standpoint inasmuch as it accepted the reduction in the tax basis as a kind of partial exemption, thereby creating a new constitutional exception to the principle of non-cumulativeness of the ICMS and violating the principle of Legal Security / O imposto incidente sobre a operação de circulação de mercadoria ICMS previsto no artigo 155, § 2º, da Constituição Federal do Brasil, é um dos tributos de maior relevância, dado o seu elevado poder arrecadador. Este imposto contempla algumas materialidades possíveis de incidência, todavia, o núcleo comum a todas elas é a não-cumulatividade do ICMS. O princípio da não-cumulatividade autoriza o contribuinte a se creditar do ICMS incidente na operação anterior, para a compensação desse tributo na etapa subsequente. Por se tratar de norma cogente e autoaplicável, tal preceito se afigura como verdadeira garantia dos sujeitos frente à imposição tributária. Entretanto, há exceções. Nos moldes da Lei Fundamental, as operações isentas ou não-sujeitas (imunes) ao ICMS não possibilitam o creditamento do imposto passível de compensação na etapa seguinte e, ainda, anulam o crédito da entrada. A grande discussão reside no fato da redução da base de cálculo do ICMS subsumir-se ou não à espécie de isenção tributária, de modo a provocar a anulação do crédito da entrada. Não há dúvida que não se amolda ao conceito de isenção tributária porque, nesta hipótese, não há a obrigação de recolhimento do tributo. Então, conclui-se pela existência de formas distintas de concessão de benefícios fiscais: numa permanece a obrigação tributária e, aqui, insere-se a redução da base de cálculo; noutra, não, hipótese de isenção tributária. Por isso, não é legítima, do ponto de vista científico, a recente decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal que admitiu a redução da base de cálculo como espécie de isenção parcial, porquanto criou nova exceção constitucional ao princípio da nãocumulatividade do ICMS, maculando o primado da Segurança Jurídica

The theoretical part is focused on the definition of the basic concepts of the assets, cash and accrual bases. In addition to profit, its components and its differences from the tax base. Much of the work deals with different concepts of costs and revenues in accordance with accounting regulations and tax law. The work deals with the various costs and revenues in terms of tax efficiency and impact on adjustments to the tax base.The practical part is devoted to empirical research, the proportion of tax on profit for the sampled companies.