In software engineering the requirements validation has very core importance. The requirements validation very helpful to judge that software requirements specification (SRS) is complete and free of bugs. The requirements validation is a assurance that the software requirements document is free of unwanted requirements and completely consistent. In order to remove inconsistency, detect defects and make the software requirements document fully functional the requirements validation is key factor. All possible requirements validation techniques available in academia such requirements reviews , requirements prototyping, requirements testing and viewpoint-oriented requirements validation are explained properly in this thesis report. In a very readable and understandable way the thesis presents all pros and cons of these requirements validation techniques practiced in different software companies in Sweden and available in academia. This report explains all possible advantages and issues related with these RVTs. In order to judge the best performance of these RVTs and to make their comparison I used a proper channel. I have designed a very effective survey questionnaire with the help of my colleges and literature review. To make creative comparison I conduct interviews and send survey questionnaire to different people working in requirements engineering departments in different software industries in Sweden. Finally the satisfaction levels of different software industries with these requirements validation techniques presents in this thesis report. These variables such as defect detection, time and cost are used to measure the satisfaction levels. / I Software Engineering kraven validering har en mycket central betydelse. Den kravvalidering very helpful att bedöma att Kravspecifikation (SRS) är klar och felfria. Kraven validering är en garanti för att programvaran kravdokument är fri från oönskade krav och helt konsekvent. För att undanröja inkonsekvens, upptäcka brister och göra programvaran kravdokument fullt funktionella kraven validering är viktig faktor. Alla möjliga kravvalidering tekniker inom den akademiska sådana krav recensioner, krav prototyper, provning och synpunkt-orienterade kravvalidering förklaras ordentligt i denna avhandling rapport. I ett mycket lättläst och begripligt sätt avhandling presenterar alla fördelar och nackdelar med dessa krav validera metoder praktiseras i olika mjukvaruföretag i Sverige och finns i den akademiska världen. Denna rapport förklarar alla möjliga fördelar och frågor kring dessa RVTs. För att bedöma de bästa resultaten i dessa RVTs och göra en jämförelse av dem använde jag en riktig kanal. Jag har skapat en mycket effektiv frågeformulär med hjälp av min högskolor och litteraturgenomgång. Skapa kreativa jämförelse jag intervjua och skicka frågeformuläret till olika personer som arbetar inom tekniska kraven för dessa avdelningar i olika programvaruföretag i Sverige. Slutligen tillfredsställande nivåer av olika programvaruföretag med dessa krav validering teknik presenteras i denna avhandling rapport. Dessa variabler såsom Upptäcka, tid och kostnader används för att mäta tillfredsställande nivåer. / Author: Latif Hussain Sulehri E-mail: latifsulehry@hotmail.com Phone: +46 704 917 140

El propósito que persigue esta investigación es la reutilización del patrimonio arquitectónico que se encuentra dentro de nuestra región para otorgarle una nueva vida útil, y de esta manera aportar a su conservación y preservación, manteniéndolo vigente como parte del testimonio histórico de la ciudad de Lambayeque y reduciendo así su desaparición en espacio y tiempo debido al proceso de obsolescencia urbana. Parte del desarrollo de esta propuesta empieza por el estudio de casos similares en los que el patrimonio que quedó obsoleto con el paso de los años, debido a la demanda de necesidades que estos ya no cubrían, ha sido recuperado y se ha reintegrado a la dinámica urbana, lo que ha propiciado su conversión en catalizador de actividades locales, asegurando así su permanencia como una joya arquitectónica e histórica dentro de la ciudad. Se concluye con el planteamiento de la Intervención patrimonial del colegio 27 de Diciembre, el cual se aspira convertir en un centro de convenciones que cubra nuevas demandas que concreticen el propósito principal de la investigación.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2019-03-11T18:41:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Heloyse_ Rossi_2018.pdf: 11853805 bytes, checksum: c9714d90ddb5b2c8134a833f815ea8e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-11T18:41:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Heloyse_ Rossi_2018.pdf: 11853805 bytes, checksum: c9714d90ddb5b2c8134a833f815ea8e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-06 / The smartphones have become a vital part of human life, their great expansion and modernization make people connect in cyberspace from the moment they wake up until the time they go to sleep. Taking this into account, the educational processes can create strategies so that this everyday use of smartphones can be converted, at least in parts, into Learning activities. This dissertation, called English for Everybody and Everywhere: Connections and Convergences, linked to the research line Language: Linguistic, Cultural and Teaching Practices in the Master of Art from the State University of the West of Paraná (UNIOESTE), proposes the use of four smartphone applications, Let's Learn English, Duolingo, LyTrans English, and WhatsApp, in the process of English Language Learning, aiming to approach learning to the reality of 21st century students, in order to provide a more creative, interactive and dynamic environment in the classroom, in a process of convergence that establishes connections between students, teachers, cyberspace and their knowledge. This study is an action research with a qualitative approach, in which the researcher assumed the role of teacher, developing practical activities in the applications for smartphone, mentioned above, with a group of high school students from a public school in the city of Cascavel - PR. At the end of the activities with the applications in the school, the research used as data generation, besides the reflections on the practice, an interview with the regent teacher of the selected class, who participated as a listener of all the classes, a diagnostic questionnaire with the students involved and a journal, containing all the observations and impressions of the practice developed with the students. With the research, we sought to verify the possibility of smartphones being used as another way to access information that through integration and interactivity should become an additional knowledge in the students' lives. In the activities developed in the classroom with the selected group, we based ourselves on all the theoretical contribution described in the initial part of the text, and we based on concepts and theories of renowned authors in the area, such as: the Learning of Assmann (1999) and Dal Molin (2003); the importance of planning activities based on the advances of cyberspace and cyberculture, as Lévy points out (1999) and the influences of the culture of convergence in this scenario, according to Jenkins (2009); the characteristics of a rhizomatic teaching that creates maps and escape from from the tree models and decals, based on the theory of Deleuze and Guattari (1995); the new relations with knowledge that emerge from the age of cyberspace, with a collective intelligence and a teacher who passes from the only holder of the knowledge to animator and supervisor of this intelligence, in a process of flipped learning, based on the studies of Lévy (1998b), Moran (2015), Prensky (2001) and others; the advantages that mobile learning can bring both within the classroom and beyond the school environment, following UNESCO (2014), Motter (2013), Souza (2012) among other authors who collaborated for the present study. / Os smartphones tem se tornado parte vital da vida dos seres humanos, sua grande expansão e sua modernização fazem com que as pessoas estejam conectadas no ciberespaço desde o momento que acordam até a hora em que vão dormir. Levando isso em conta, os processos educacionais podem criar estratégias para que esse uso cotidiano dos smartphones possa ser convertido, ao menos em partes, para atividades de Aprendência. Essa dissertação, intitulada English for Everybody and Everywhere: conexões e convergências, vinculada à linha de pesquisa Linguagem: Práticas Linguísticas, Culturais e de Ensino, do Mestrado em Letras da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) propõe o uso de quatro aplicativos para smartphone, Let’s Learn English, Duolingo, LyTrans English, e WhatsApp, no processo de Aprendência de Língua Inglesa, buscando aproximar a aprendizagem da realidade dos estudantes do século XXI, de modo a facultar um ambiente mais criativo, interativo e dinâmico em sala de aula, em um processo de convergência que estabelece conexões entre estudantes, professores, o ciberespaço e seus saberes. Esse estudo se configura como uma pesquisa-ação de abordagem qualitativa, na qual a pesquisadora assumiu o papel de professora, desenvolvendo atividades práticas nos aplicativos para smartphone, citados acima, com um grupo de estudantes do segundo ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública da cidade de Cascavel – PR. Ao final das atividades com os aplicativos na escola, a pesquisa utilizou como geração de dados, além das reflexões sobre a prática, uma entrevista com a professora regente da turma selecionada, que participou como ouvinte de todas as aulas, um questionário diagnóstico com os estudantes envolvidos e um diário de bordo, contento todas as observações e impressões da prática desenvolvida com os estudantes. Com a pesquisa, buscamos verificar a possibilidade dos smartphones serem utilizados como mais uma via de acesso às informações que pela integração e interatividade deve tornar-se um conhecimento a mais na vida dos estudantes. Nas atividades desenvolvidas em sala de aula com o grupo selecionado, baseamo-nos no aporte teórico descrito na parte inicial do texto, e nos embasamos em conceitos e teorias de autores renomados na área, tais como: a Aprendência de Assmann (1999) e Dal Molin (2003); a importância de planejar atividades fundamentadas nos avanços do ciberespaço e da cibercultura, como aponta Lévy (1999) e as influências da cultura de convergência nesse cenário, conforme Jenkins (2009); as características de um ensino rizomático que cria mapas e foge dos modelos de árvore e decalques, baseando-nos na teoria de Deleuze e Guattari (1995); as novas relações com o saber que surgem a partir da era do ciberespaço, com uma inteligência coletiva e um professor que passa de único detentor dos saberes para animador e orientador dessa inteligência, em um processo de flipped learning, tendo como base os estudos de Lévy (1998b), Moran (2015), Prensky (2001) e outros; as vantagens que a aprendizagem móvel pode trazer tanto para dentro de sala de aula quanto para além do ambiente escolar, seguindo UNESCO (2014), Motter (2013), Souza (2012) entre outros autores que colaboraram para o presente estudo.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leidiane Marques de Aguiar.pdf: 2338563 bytes, checksum: d664953e752cebe3ea3c6bf7961ae92b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / This research has as its theme the technological training of basic education teachers of the State schools, provided by the Educational Development Program - PDE / PR. We aim to initially understand how the technological training process is given during evidenced training and how the courses offered and the engagement with the Digital Communication Technology (DCT) during this continuing training enable important reflections and actions in the act of educating of the participating teachers. This research is supported, among others, in the following question: What are the contributions that the actions/activities of the program shaft, Didactic and pedagogical activities with the use of technological support, offered for the teachers training as meaning to prepare them for their new role, in view the use of technology in the educational context of Aprendência (teaching learning process)? To this end, based on theoretical assumptions, initially we approach the relationship between Experimentation, Rhizome, Education and Technology, the view to problematize a teaching still out of step the reality of our students, who are browsing at constant speeds through the computerization of knowledge. In order to problematize a teaching still out of step the reality of our students, who are browsing at constant speeds through the computerization of knowledge. We still carry on about the importance of teachers continuing training in the twenty-first century context, in order to provide a rhizome teaching, respecting the multiplicities and providing more cooperative, emancipatory and meaningful learning. Methodologically, this research follows the paths of Applied Linguistics, it is supported by the qualitative approach and is characterized by the case study under interpretative approach. The research has as theoretical support the ideas of the authors: Gilles Deleuze (2006, 2003, 2001, 1996, 1995), Félix Guattari (1996, 1995), Michel Authier (1995), Pierre Lévy (2000, 1999a, 1999b, 1995, 1993), Hugo Assmann (2012, 2001, 2000), Edgar Morin (2003, 2000), Araci Hack Capatan (2001), Marc Prensky (2001), Beatriz Helena Dal Molin (2003), Manuel Castells (1999), Silvio Gallo (2008, 2002), Gilson Fais (2011), Dóris Roncarelli (2012), José Rogério Vitkowski (2014), Rose Maria Belim Motter (2013), Teresa Cristina Jordão (2009), among others. We checked during the research, that the PDE program is the way of fundamental public policy allowing the necessary involvement of the participating teachers in several theories, methodologies and in contact with the technology through its third shaft. However, we found when analyzing the speeches generated based on questions proposed to the participants, that the program still has challenges to be overcome, such as to allow the teachers who attend the PDE, epistemological reflections on the process of teaching and learning with the use of Digital Communication Technology. / A presente pesquisa tem como tema a formação tecnológica de professores da Rede Estadual de ensino da Educação Básica, proporcionada pelo Programa de Desenvolvimento Educacional PDE/PR. Objetivamos, inicialmente, compreender como se dá o processo de formação tecnológica durante a formação evidenciada e como os cursos oferecidos e o envolvimento com a Tecnologia de Comunicação Digital (TCD) durante essa formação continuada possibilitam importantes reflexões e ações no fazer educativo dos professores participantes. Esta pesquisa sustenta-se, entre outras, na seguinte indagação: Quais as contribuições que as ações/atividades do eixo do programa, Atividades didático-pedagógicas com utilização de suporte tecnológico, ofereceram para a formação do docente no sentido de prepará-lo para seu novo papel, frente ao emprego da tecnologia no contexto educativo da Aprendência? Para tanto, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos, abordamos inicialmente a relação entre Experimentação, Rizoma, Educação e Tecnologia, a vista de problematizar um ensino ainda em descompasso da realidade de nosso educandos, que estão navegando a velocidades constantes por meio da informatização do saber. Ocupamo-nos ainda em discorrer sobre a importância de formação continuada de professores em contexto de século XXI, com o objetivo de proporcionar um ensino rizomático, respeitando as multiplicidades e proporcionando aprendizagens mais cooperativas, emancipatórias e significativas. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa segue pelos caminhos da Linguística Aplicada, sustentada pela abordagem qualitativa e caracterizada pelo estudo de caso, sob a abordagem interpretativista. A pesquisa traz como aporte teórico as ideias dos autores: Gilles Deleuze (2006, 2003, 2001, 1996, 1995); Félix Guattari (1996,1995); Michel Authier (1995); Pierre Lévy (2000, 1999a, 1999b, 1995, 1993); Hugo Assmann (2012, 2001, 2000); Edgar Morin (2003, 2000); Araci Hack Capatan (2001); Marc Prensky (2001); Beatriz Helena Dal Molin (2003); Manuel Castells (1999); Silvio Gallo (2008, 2002); Gilson Fais (2011); Dóris Roncarelli (2012); José Rogério Vitkowski (2014); Rose Maria Belim Motter (2013); Teresa Cristina Jordão (2009); entre outros. Verificamos, no decorrer da pesquisa, que o programa PDE é via de política pública fundamental para a formação em tempos de TCD, possibilitando o necessário envolvimento dos professores participantes, em várias teorias, metodologias e no contato com a tecnologia por meio do seu terceiro eixo. Entretanto, constatamos, ao analisar os discursos gerados a partir dos questionamentos propostos aos participantes, que o programa ainda apresenta desafios a serem superados, como é o caso de possibilitar aos professores que cursam o PDE, reflexões epistemológicas sobre o processo de ensinar e de aprender com o emprego da Tecnologia de Comunicação Digital

Este trabajo se debe a que en la actualidad el acceso a los medicamentos por los pacientes no es adecuado. Tal es el caso de usuarios que a diario requieren la atención de medicamentos sin embargo, se encuentran con la sorpresa que la mayoría de lo requerido no es atendido, razón a ello con la iniciativa de encontrar el motivo, para ello se analizó el almacén especializado del Hospital de Lambayeque, de la Provincia de Chiclayo - Lambayeque, pues al no contar con el control (sistema informático, personal necesario), no es posible identificar lo requerido y realizar las reposiciones a consecuencia la ausencia de estos, tiene como principal problema la acumulación de productos vencidos y por ende afecta la solvencia económica del nosocomio; el objetivo principal es determinar el efecto del cumplimiento de las BPA de los productos farmacológicos frente a la atención de los pacientes del Hospital de la cuidad de Lambayeque año 2018. El diseño de la investigación es no experimental descriptivo. Para ello se encuestó a los pacientes para determinar el grado que se logró satisfacer y una guía del BPA para identificar la realidad de almacenamiento que presenta el almacén especializado que se ve reflejado en los usuarios, para ello se utilizó la herramienta para medir el grado de satisfacción SERVQUAL en sus cinco dimensiones obteniendo un acumulado 51 % de satisfacción, en paralelo se aplicó una guía de buenas prácticas de almacenamiento encontrando hallazgos muy importantes en relación a aseguramiento de calidad, falta de personal, las instalaciones equipos e instrumentos y almacén.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of significant physical, cognitive, and psychiatric morbidity. One risk factor for stroke is paradoxical embolization through a patent foramen ovale (PFO). In cardiac clinical practice, power M-mode Transcranial Doppler (TCD) evaluation is the gold standard for diagnosis of PFO, or right-to-left cardiac shunt (RLS). Brain micro-embolization due to diagnostic bubble contrast echocardiography may cause neurological symptoms in patients with PFO. However, the neurocognitive effects of TCD have not been studied. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cognitive outcomes in patients who undergo routine diagnostic bubble contrast TCD. The aims of the study were (1) to determine if cognitive function declines pre- to post-TCD evaluation and, (2) to assess the relationship between cognitive function and severity of the RLS measured using the Spencer Grading System. Methods: One hundred and four participants referred to Sorensen Cardiovascular Group for diagnosis of RLS were evaluated for changes in cognitive functioning at three time points. A dual baseline (pre-test and baseline test) was administered to mitigate practice effects between the first and second administrations. All pre and post-TCD comparisons were analyzed using the baseline test and post-TCD test, controlling for the effects of practice, if present. Results: Practice effects were observed for the working memory task, with significant improvement in working memory scores occurring between the first (pre-test) and second (baseline) administrations. The main effect for shunt group (no shunt vs. moderate-to-severe shunt) and the shunt group by time interactions were not significant for processing speed, attention, or working memory, adjusting for practice effects, age, and education. Migraine did not predict group status for mood or shunt variables. Conclusion: Cardiac patients with both small and large RLS did not experience a decline in processing speed, attention, or working memory ability following TCD, suggesting that TCD-induced microemboli do not result in immediate cognitive deficits in these domains. These findings support the use of TCD for routine evaluation of PFO, even in patients with severe RLS, although findings are limited to young (30s), medically healthy, predominately Caucasian individuals assessed immediately following TCD. Results do not exclude the possibility of cognitive impairment at follow-up, on other cognitive tests, or in other cognitive domains.

No description available.

No description available.

Les pompiers méditerranéens sont confrontés à des embrasements soudains de la végétation (AFF) dont les mécanismes ne sont pas encore bien compris. La végétation étant l'unique combustible, nous nous sommes penchés sur les gaz qui en proviennent. Nous avons d’abord étudié la dégradation thermique de quatre Composés Organiques Volatils biogéniques (COVb) à l'aide d'une pyrolyse flash et d'un four tubulaire. À partir de cette étude et de la littérature, nous avons choisi un mélange d'étude afin expérimenter ses propriétés de combustion. Nous avons ainsi déterminé l'Énergie Minimale d’Inflammation (EMI) et la vitesse fondamentale de flamme de mélanges d'α-pinène/benzène qui sont respectivement les principaux COV détectés dans les plantes et dans les fumées de feux de forêt. Le dernier chapitre concerne l'étude stationnaire de l'accumulation de gaz dans des vallées à partir d'une maquette de forêt 1/400ème disposée dans une soufflerie. / Mediterranean firefighters cope with powerful accelerations of forest fires (AFF) whose mechanisms are not very well understood. Vegetation is the only fuel of forest fire, then we studied the gases coming from them. First, we studied the thermal degradation of four Biogenic Volatil Organic Compounds (BVOCs) thanks to a flash pyrolysis and a tubular oven. From this study and literature, we chose a representative VOC mixture to study its combustion properties. We determined Minimal Ignition Energy (MIE) and its laminar burning speed of mixtures of α-pinene/benzene that are respectively the main VOC detected in vegetation and forest fire smoke. The last chapter experiment the steady-state gas accumulation above a 1/400 V-shaped forest model.

[pt] O projeto mecânico de componentes estruturais para vidas longas à fadiga requer limites de fadiga confiáveis. Porém, a previsão do limite de fadiga ainda apresenta alguns desafios, especialmente por causa dos inevitáveis entalhes e pela presença de pequenos defeitos intrínsecos do material que podem ser considerados como microtrincas. Os entalhes atuam como concentradores de tensão e microtrincas podem ser geradas na ponta destes. Tais microtrincas (geradas ou intrínsecas) podem propagar até provocar a falha do componente ou parar de propagar depois de crescer uma pequena distância e se tornarem não-propagantes, dependendo do nível de carga e do gradiente de tensão à frente do entalhe. Modelos empíricos e teóricos têm sido propostos para fazer previsão do limite de fadiga de componentes entalhados. Entre os teóricos, o chamado modelo do Gradiente de Tensão (GT), que utiliza conceitos da mecânica da fratura linear elástica, apresenta-se como um modelo promissor. No entanto, a validação experimental das previsões deste modelo ainda não tem sido completamente realizada. Neste contexto, corpos de prova tipo C(T) do aço 1020 e com vários valores do raio da ponta do entalhe foram testados sob controle de amplitude de carga constante, frequência de 40 Hz e razão de tensão R igual a 0.1 para avaliar o limite de fadiga através de testes acelerados com cargas tipo step up durante blocos de 3.10 elevado a sexta potência ciclos. O limite de fadiga determinado experimentalmente foi comparado com as previsões do modelo GT e do Método do Ponto, um dos métodos da chamada Teoria da Distância Crítica (TDC). No modelo GT foram considerados três métodos: GTc-p, GTs-e e GTquebra, segundo o método usado para achar o fator geométrico para determinar o fator de intensidade de tensão. As previsões dos modelos GTc-p, GTquebra e TDC são similares no caso de entalhes com raios de ponta grandes, e bem próximas do limite de fadiga medido experimentalmente, enquanto que eles são não-conservativos no caso de entalhes afiados (raios de ponta pequenos). As previsões do modelo GTs-e foram conservativas para entalhes afiados e não afiados. Devido a que os dois modelos são baseados em conceitos lineares elásticos, foi demonstrado que uma análise elástica apresenta limitações para modelar o comportamento à fadiga em entalhes afiados, pois nesses casos a tensão local no ponto crítico pode exceder o limite de escoamento do material. Alem disso, o modelo GT também permite estimar o tamanho da maior trinca curta não-propagante (TCNP) associada ao limite de fadiga. Tais TCNP foram monitoradas nas faces do C(T) através de técnicas não-destrutivas tais como microscopia óptica, correlação digital de imagens e tomografia; enquanto que as TCNP internas foram detectadas usando a técnica destrutiva da metalografia. Os tamanhos das TCNP detectadas foram muito menores do que as estimadas pelo modelo GT, dificultando ainda mais o problema de detecção daquelas trincas. / [en] The mechanical design of structural components for high cycle fatigue applications needs reliable fatigue limits. However, mainly because of notches and the unavoidable presence of small defects, such a task still presents some challenges. Notches cause a stress concentration effect that can initiate short cracks at their tips, but such short cracks may propagate or become non-propagating, depending not only on the load level, but on the stress gradient ahead of the notch tip as well. Notch-like defects, such as scratches, pores, and inclusions, behave in the same way. There are empirical and theoretical models to predict the fatigue limit of notched components. The latter includes the so-called Stress Gradient (SG) model, based on linear elastic fracture mechanics concepts and using the El Haddad-Topper-Smith (ETS) characteristic size aR, as a promissory approach. However, there is a lack of experimental data verifying their fatigue limit predictions. In this context, C(T)-like notched specimens of SAE 1020 steel with several notch root radii were tested under constant load amplitude control at 40 Hz and a stress ratio R equal 0.1, to evaluate their fatigue limit through accelerated tests involving step loading procedures with blocks of 3.10 to sixth power cycles. The experimental fatigue limit was compared with values predicted by SG model, following three approaches: SGc-p, SGs-e, and SGquebra, according to the determination of the geometric factor of the stress concentration factor; and with an alternative prediction by the Point Method based on the theory of critical-distance (TCD). SGc-p, SGquebra and TCD model predictions are almost coincident for blunt notches and they present a good agreement with experimental results, but they are non-conservatives in the case of sharp notches; while SGc-p predictions are conservative for both blunt and sharp notches. Since both models are based on linear elastic concepts, it was demonstrated that an elastic analysis presents limitations to model the behavior of short cracks emanating from sharp notches, due to the local stress at the critical point can exceed the yield strength of the material. Furthermore, according to SG model, the fatigue limit is related to the presence of non-propagating short cracks (NPSC). Such surface NPSCs on the face of the specimens were monitored by non-destructive techniques including optical microscopy, digital image correlation (DIC) and micro-computed tomography; whereas subsurface NPSCs were detected through destructive metallographic technique. The sizes of the detected NPSCs were much smaller than those values predicted by SG model, which in turn makes the detection of these cracks a more complex problem.