In software engineering the requirements validation has very core importance. The requirements validation very helpful to judge that software requirements specification (SRS) is complete and free of bugs. The requirements validation is a assurance that the software requirements document is free of unwanted requirements and completely consistent. In order to remove inconsistency, detect defects and make the software requirements document fully functional the requirements validation is key factor. All possible requirements validation techniques available in academia such requirements reviews , requirements prototyping, requirements testing and viewpoint-oriented requirements validation are explained properly in this thesis report. In a very readable and understandable way the thesis presents all pros and cons of these requirements validation techniques practiced in different software companies in Sweden and available in academia. This report explains all possible advantages and issues related with these RVTs. In order to judge the best performance of these RVTs and to make their comparison I used a proper channel. I have designed a very effective survey questionnaire with the help of my colleges and literature review. To make creative comparison I conduct interviews and send survey questionnaire to different people working in requirements engineering departments in different software industries in Sweden. Finally the satisfaction levels of different software industries with these requirements validation techniques presents in this thesis report. These variables such as defect detection, time and cost are used to measure the satisfaction levels. / I Software Engineering kraven validering har en mycket central betydelse. Den kravvalidering very helpful att bedöma att Kravspecifikation (SRS) är klar och felfria. Kraven validering är en garanti för att programvaran kravdokument är fri från oönskade krav och helt konsekvent. För att undanröja inkonsekvens, upptäcka brister och göra programvaran kravdokument fullt funktionella kraven validering är viktig faktor. Alla möjliga kravvalidering tekniker inom den akademiska sådana krav recensioner, krav prototyper, provning och synpunkt-orienterade kravvalidering förklaras ordentligt i denna avhandling rapport. I ett mycket lättläst och begripligt sätt avhandling presenterar alla fördelar och nackdelar med dessa krav validera metoder praktiseras i olika mjukvaruföretag i Sverige och finns i den akademiska världen. Denna rapport förklarar alla möjliga fördelar och frågor kring dessa RVTs. För att bedöma de bästa resultaten i dessa RVTs och göra en jämförelse av dem använde jag en riktig kanal. Jag har skapat en mycket effektiv frågeformulär med hjälp av min högskolor och litteraturgenomgång. Skapa kreativa jämförelse jag intervjua och skicka frågeformuläret till olika personer som arbetar inom tekniska kraven för dessa avdelningar i olika programvaruföretag i Sverige. Slutligen tillfredsställande nivåer av olika programvaruföretag med dessa krav validering teknik presenteras i denna avhandling rapport. Dessa variabler såsom Upptäcka, tid och kostnader används för att mäta tillfredsställande nivåer. / Author: Latif Hussain Sulehri E-mail: latifsulehry@hotmail.com Phone: +46 704 917 140

El propósito que persigue esta investigación es la reutilización del patrimonio arquitectónico que se encuentra dentro de nuestra región para otorgarle una nueva vida útil, y de esta manera aportar a su conservación y preservación, manteniéndolo vigente como parte del testimonio histórico de la ciudad de Lambayeque y reduciendo así su desaparición en espacio y tiempo debido al proceso de obsolescencia urbana. Parte del desarrollo de esta propuesta empieza por el estudio de casos similares en los que el patrimonio que quedó obsoleto con el paso de los años, debido a la demanda de necesidades que estos ya no cubrían, ha sido recuperado y se ha reintegrado a la dinámica urbana, lo que ha propiciado su conversión en catalizador de actividades locales, asegurando así su permanencia como una joya arquitectónica e histórica dentro de la ciudad. Se concluye con el planteamiento de la Intervención patrimonial del colegio 27 de Diciembre, el cual se aspira convertir en un centro de convenciones que cubra nuevas demandas que concreticen el propósito principal de la investigación.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2019-03-11T18:41:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Heloyse_ Rossi_2018.pdf: 11853805 bytes, checksum: c9714d90ddb5b2c8134a833f815ea8e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-11T18:41:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Heloyse_ Rossi_2018.pdf: 11853805 bytes, checksum: c9714d90ddb5b2c8134a833f815ea8e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-06 / The smartphones have become a vital part of human life, their great expansion and modernization make people connect in cyberspace from the moment they wake up until the time they go to sleep. Taking this into account, the educational processes can create strategies so that this everyday use of smartphones can be converted, at least in parts, into Learning activities. This dissertation, called English for Everybody and Everywhere: Connections and Convergences, linked to the research line Language: Linguistic, Cultural and Teaching Practices in the Master of Art from the State University of the West of Paraná (UNIOESTE), proposes the use of four smartphone applications, Let's Learn English, Duolingo, LyTrans English, and WhatsApp, in the process of English Language Learning, aiming to approach learning to the reality of 21st century students, in order to provide a more creative, interactive and dynamic environment in the classroom, in a process of convergence that establishes connections between students, teachers, cyberspace and their knowledge. This study is an action research with a qualitative approach, in which the researcher assumed the role of teacher, developing practical activities in the applications for smartphone, mentioned above, with a group of high school students from a public school in the city of Cascavel - PR. At the end of the activities with the applications in the school, the research used as data generation, besides the reflections on the practice, an interview with the regent teacher of the selected class, who participated as a listener of all the classes, a diagnostic questionnaire with the students involved and a journal, containing all the observations and impressions of the practice developed with the students. With the research, we sought to verify the possibility of smartphones being used as another way to access information that through integration and interactivity should become an additional knowledge in the students' lives. In the activities developed in the classroom with the selected group, we based ourselves on all the theoretical contribution described in the initial part of the text, and we based on concepts and theories of renowned authors in the area, such as: the Learning of Assmann (1999) and Dal Molin (2003); the importance of planning activities based on the advances of cyberspace and cyberculture, as Lévy points out (1999) and the influences of the culture of convergence in this scenario, according to Jenkins (2009); the characteristics of a rhizomatic teaching that creates maps and escape from from the tree models and decals, based on the theory of Deleuze and Guattari (1995); the new relations with knowledge that emerge from the age of cyberspace, with a collective intelligence and a teacher who passes from the only holder of the knowledge to animator and supervisor of this intelligence, in a process of flipped learning, based on the studies of Lévy (1998b), Moran (2015), Prensky (2001) and others; the advantages that mobile learning can bring both within the classroom and beyond the school environment, following UNESCO (2014), Motter (2013), Souza (2012) among other authors who collaborated for the present study. / Os smartphones tem se tornado parte vital da vida dos seres humanos, sua grande expansão e sua modernização fazem com que as pessoas estejam conectadas no ciberespaço desde o momento que acordam até a hora em que vão dormir. Levando isso em conta, os processos educacionais podem criar estratégias para que esse uso cotidiano dos smartphones possa ser convertido, ao menos em partes, para atividades de Aprendência. Essa dissertação, intitulada English for Everybody and Everywhere: conexões e convergências, vinculada à linha de pesquisa Linguagem: Práticas Linguísticas, Culturais e de Ensino, do Mestrado em Letras da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) propõe o uso de quatro aplicativos para smartphone, Let’s Learn English, Duolingo, LyTrans English, e WhatsApp, no processo de Aprendência de Língua Inglesa, buscando aproximar a aprendizagem da realidade dos estudantes do século XXI, de modo a facultar um ambiente mais criativo, interativo e dinâmico em sala de aula, em um processo de convergência que estabelece conexões entre estudantes, professores, o ciberespaço e seus saberes. Esse estudo se configura como uma pesquisa-ação de abordagem qualitativa, na qual a pesquisadora assumiu o papel de professora, desenvolvendo atividades práticas nos aplicativos para smartphone, citados acima, com um grupo de estudantes do segundo ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública da cidade de Cascavel – PR. Ao final das atividades com os aplicativos na escola, a pesquisa utilizou como geração de dados, além das reflexões sobre a prática, uma entrevista com a professora regente da turma selecionada, que participou como ouvinte de todas as aulas, um questionário diagnóstico com os estudantes envolvidos e um diário de bordo, contento todas as observações e impressões da prática desenvolvida com os estudantes. Com a pesquisa, buscamos verificar a possibilidade dos smartphones serem utilizados como mais uma via de acesso às informações que pela integração e interatividade deve tornar-se um conhecimento a mais na vida dos estudantes. Nas atividades desenvolvidas em sala de aula com o grupo selecionado, baseamo-nos no aporte teórico descrito na parte inicial do texto, e nos embasamos em conceitos e teorias de autores renomados na área, tais como: a Aprendência de Assmann (1999) e Dal Molin (2003); a importância de planejar atividades fundamentadas nos avanços do ciberespaço e da cibercultura, como aponta Lévy (1999) e as influências da cultura de convergência nesse cenário, conforme Jenkins (2009); as características de um ensino rizomático que cria mapas e foge dos modelos de árvore e decalques, baseando-nos na teoria de Deleuze e Guattari (1995); as novas relações com o saber que surgem a partir da era do ciberespaço, com uma inteligência coletiva e um professor que passa de único detentor dos saberes para animador e orientador dessa inteligência, em um processo de flipped learning, tendo como base os estudos de Lévy (1998b), Moran (2015), Prensky (2001) e outros; as vantagens que a aprendizagem móvel pode trazer tanto para dentro de sala de aula quanto para além do ambiente escolar, seguindo UNESCO (2014), Motter (2013), Souza (2012) entre outros autores que colaboraram para o presente estudo.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leidiane Marques de Aguiar.pdf: 2338563 bytes, checksum: d664953e752cebe3ea3c6bf7961ae92b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / This research has as its theme the technological training of basic education teachers of the State schools, provided by the Educational Development Program - PDE / PR. We aim to initially understand how the technological training process is given during evidenced training and how the courses offered and the engagement with the Digital Communication Technology (DCT) during this continuing training enable important reflections and actions in the act of educating of the participating teachers. This research is supported, among others, in the following question: What are the contributions that the actions/activities of the program shaft, Didactic and pedagogical activities with the use of technological support, offered for the teachers training as meaning to prepare them for their new role, in view the use of technology in the educational context of Aprendência (teaching learning process)? To this end, based on theoretical assumptions, initially we approach the relationship between Experimentation, Rhizome, Education and Technology, the view to problematize a teaching still out of step the reality of our students, who are browsing at constant speeds through the computerization of knowledge. In order to problematize a teaching still out of step the reality of our students, who are browsing at constant speeds through the computerization of knowledge. We still carry on about the importance of teachers continuing training in the twenty-first century context, in order to provide a rhizome teaching, respecting the multiplicities and providing more cooperative, emancipatory and meaningful learning. Methodologically, this research follows the paths of Applied Linguistics, it is supported by the qualitative approach and is characterized by the case study under interpretative approach. The research has as theoretical support the ideas of the authors: Gilles Deleuze (2006, 2003, 2001, 1996, 1995), Félix Guattari (1996, 1995), Michel Authier (1995), Pierre Lévy (2000, 1999a, 1999b, 1995, 1993), Hugo Assmann (2012, 2001, 2000), Edgar Morin (2003, 2000), Araci Hack Capatan (2001), Marc Prensky (2001), Beatriz Helena Dal Molin (2003), Manuel Castells (1999), Silvio Gallo (2008, 2002), Gilson Fais (2011), Dóris Roncarelli (2012), José Rogério Vitkowski (2014), Rose Maria Belim Motter (2013), Teresa Cristina Jordão (2009), among others. We checked during the research, that the PDE program is the way of fundamental public policy allowing the necessary involvement of the participating teachers in several theories, methodologies and in contact with the technology through its third shaft. However, we found when analyzing the speeches generated based on questions proposed to the participants, that the program still has challenges to be overcome, such as to allow the teachers who attend the PDE, epistemological reflections on the process of teaching and learning with the use of Digital Communication Technology. / A presente pesquisa tem como tema a formação tecnológica de professores da Rede Estadual de ensino da Educação Básica, proporcionada pelo Programa de Desenvolvimento Educacional PDE/PR. Objetivamos, inicialmente, compreender como se dá o processo de formação tecnológica durante a formação evidenciada e como os cursos oferecidos e o envolvimento com a Tecnologia de Comunicação Digital (TCD) durante essa formação continuada possibilitam importantes reflexões e ações no fazer educativo dos professores participantes. Esta pesquisa sustenta-se, entre outras, na seguinte indagação: Quais as contribuições que as ações/atividades do eixo do programa, Atividades didático-pedagógicas com utilização de suporte tecnológico, ofereceram para a formação do docente no sentido de prepará-lo para seu novo papel, frente ao emprego da tecnologia no contexto educativo da Aprendência? Para tanto, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos, abordamos inicialmente a relação entre Experimentação, Rizoma, Educação e Tecnologia, a vista de problematizar um ensino ainda em descompasso da realidade de nosso educandos, que estão navegando a velocidades constantes por meio da informatização do saber. Ocupamo-nos ainda em discorrer sobre a importância de formação continuada de professores em contexto de século XXI, com o objetivo de proporcionar um ensino rizomático, respeitando as multiplicidades e proporcionando aprendizagens mais cooperativas, emancipatórias e significativas. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa segue pelos caminhos da Linguística Aplicada, sustentada pela abordagem qualitativa e caracterizada pelo estudo de caso, sob a abordagem interpretativista. A pesquisa traz como aporte teórico as ideias dos autores: Gilles Deleuze (2006, 2003, 2001, 1996, 1995); Félix Guattari (1996,1995); Michel Authier (1995); Pierre Lévy (2000, 1999a, 1999b, 1995, 1993); Hugo Assmann (2012, 2001, 2000); Edgar Morin (2003, 2000); Araci Hack Capatan (2001); Marc Prensky (2001); Beatriz Helena Dal Molin (2003); Manuel Castells (1999); Silvio Gallo (2008, 2002); Gilson Fais (2011); Dóris Roncarelli (2012); José Rogério Vitkowski (2014); Rose Maria Belim Motter (2013); Teresa Cristina Jordão (2009); entre outros. Verificamos, no decorrer da pesquisa, que o programa PDE é via de política pública fundamental para a formação em tempos de TCD, possibilitando o necessário envolvimento dos professores participantes, em várias teorias, metodologias e no contato com a tecnologia por meio do seu terceiro eixo. Entretanto, constatamos, ao analisar os discursos gerados a partir dos questionamentos propostos aos participantes, que o programa ainda apresenta desafios a serem superados, como é o caso de possibilitar aos professores que cursam o PDE, reflexões epistemológicas sobre o processo de ensinar e de aprender com o emprego da Tecnologia de Comunicação Digital

Este trabajo se debe a que en la actualidad el acceso a los medicamentos por los pacientes no es adecuado. Tal es el caso de usuarios que a diario requieren la atención de medicamentos sin embargo, se encuentran con la sorpresa que la mayoría de lo requerido no es atendido, razón a ello con la iniciativa de encontrar el motivo, para ello se analizó el almacén especializado del Hospital de Lambayeque, de la Provincia de Chiclayo - Lambayeque, pues al no contar con el control (sistema informático, personal necesario), no es posible identificar lo requerido y realizar las reposiciones a consecuencia la ausencia de estos, tiene como principal problema la acumulación de productos vencidos y por ende afecta la solvencia económica del nosocomio; el objetivo principal es determinar el efecto del cumplimiento de las BPA de los productos farmacológicos frente a la atención de los pacientes del Hospital de la cuidad de Lambayeque año 2018. El diseño de la investigación es no experimental descriptivo. Para ello se encuestó a los pacientes para determinar el grado que se logró satisfacer y una guía del BPA para identificar la realidad de almacenamiento que presenta el almacén especializado que se ve reflejado en los usuarios, para ello se utilizó la herramienta para medir el grado de satisfacción SERVQUAL en sus cinco dimensiones obteniendo un acumulado 51 % de satisfacción, en paralelo se aplicó una guía de buenas prácticas de almacenamiento encontrando hallazgos muy importantes en relación a aseguramiento de calidad, falta de personal, las instalaciones equipos e instrumentos y almacén.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of significant physical, cognitive, and psychiatric morbidity. One risk factor for stroke is paradoxical embolization through a patent foramen ovale (PFO). In cardiac clinical practice, power M-mode Transcranial Doppler (TCD) evaluation is the gold standard for diagnosis of PFO, or right-to-left cardiac shunt (RLS). Brain micro-embolization due to diagnostic bubble contrast echocardiography may cause neurological symptoms in patients with PFO. However, the neurocognitive effects of TCD have not been studied. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cognitive outcomes in patients who undergo routine diagnostic bubble contrast TCD. The aims of the study were (1) to determine if cognitive function declines pre- to post-TCD evaluation and, (2) to assess the relationship between cognitive function and severity of the RLS measured using the Spencer Grading System. Methods: One hundred and four participants referred to Sorensen Cardiovascular Group for diagnosis of RLS were evaluated for changes in cognitive functioning at three time points. A dual baseline (pre-test and baseline test) was administered to mitigate practice effects between the first and second administrations. All pre and post-TCD comparisons were analyzed using the baseline test and post-TCD test, controlling for the effects of practice, if present. Results: Practice effects were observed for the working memory task, with significant improvement in working memory scores occurring between the first (pre-test) and second (baseline) administrations. The main effect for shunt group (no shunt vs. moderate-to-severe shunt) and the shunt group by time interactions were not significant for processing speed, attention, or working memory, adjusting for practice effects, age, and education. Migraine did not predict group status for mood or shunt variables. Conclusion: Cardiac patients with both small and large RLS did not experience a decline in processing speed, attention, or working memory ability following TCD, suggesting that TCD-induced microemboli do not result in immediate cognitive deficits in these domains. These findings support the use of TCD for routine evaluation of PFO, even in patients with severe RLS, although findings are limited to young (30s), medically healthy, predominately Caucasian individuals assessed immediately following TCD. Results do not exclude the possibility of cognitive impairment at follow-up, on other cognitive tests, or in other cognitive domains.

No description available.

No description available.

Les pompiers méditerranéens sont confrontés à des embrasements soudains de la végétation (AFF) dont les mécanismes ne sont pas encore bien compris. La végétation étant l'unique combustible, nous nous sommes penchés sur les gaz qui en proviennent. Nous avons d’abord étudié la dégradation thermique de quatre Composés Organiques Volatils biogéniques (COVb) à l'aide d'une pyrolyse flash et d'un four tubulaire. À partir de cette étude et de la littérature, nous avons choisi un mélange d'étude afin expérimenter ses propriétés de combustion. Nous avons ainsi déterminé l'Énergie Minimale d’Inflammation (EMI) et la vitesse fondamentale de flamme de mélanges d'α-pinène/benzène qui sont respectivement les principaux COV détectés dans les plantes et dans les fumées de feux de forêt. Le dernier chapitre concerne l'étude stationnaire de l'accumulation de gaz dans des vallées à partir d'une maquette de forêt 1/400ème disposée dans une soufflerie. / Mediterranean firefighters cope with powerful accelerations of forest fires (AFF) whose mechanisms are not very well understood. Vegetation is the only fuel of forest fire, then we studied the gases coming from them. First, we studied the thermal degradation of four Biogenic Volatil Organic Compounds (BVOCs) thanks to a flash pyrolysis and a tubular oven. From this study and literature, we chose a representative VOC mixture to study its combustion properties. We determined Minimal Ignition Energy (MIE) and its laminar burning speed of mixtures of α-pinene/benzene that are respectively the main VOC detected in vegetation and forest fire smoke. The last chapter experiment the steady-state gas accumulation above a 1/400 V-shaped forest model.

Monoklonale Antikörper (mAk) werden bereits erfolgreich zur therapeutischen Depletion verschiedener Zellpopulationen in vivo verwendet, die Mechanismen der Depletion sind jedoch unklar geblieben. In dieser Arbeit wurden im Mausmodell die molekularen Grundlagen der CD4+ T-Zelldepletion (CD4 TZD) nach einmaliger Gabe (i.p.) von 100 µg des anti-CD4-mAk YTS191.1 untersucht. Dabei konnte eine starke Korrelation zwischen Depletion und der Modulation des CD4-Moleküls von der Oberfläche beobachtet werden. Gleichzeitig zeigten sich organabhängige Unterschiede, sowohl im zeitlichen Verlauf, als auch in der Effizienz der Depletion. Im Thymus konnten weder Depletion noch Modulation detektiert werden, in Milz und Lymphknoten (Lk) war die CD4 TZD nach starker CD4-Modulation bereits nach 48 h mit 80-90 % maximal, in den Peyer-Plaques jedoch niedriger und verzögert (50-60 % nach 72 h). Anhand C3-defizienter Mäuse konnte ferner kein wesentlicher Beitrag von Komplement an der CD4 TZD beobachtet werden. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte durch die Verwendung verschiedener FcGamma-Rezeptor (FcGammaR)-defizienter Mäuse (FcGammaRI, FcGammaRII, FcGammaRIII, FcGammaRI/III und FcRGamma) wie auch durch die Blockade des FcGammaRIV eine starke, zudem organabhängige Beteiligung von FcGammaR an der CD4 TZD gezeigt werden. Während in der Milz die CD4 TZD von FcGammaRIV vermittelt wurde, waren in den Lk und Peyer-Plaques FcGammaRI/III involviert. Diese Befunde korrelierten mit der starken Expression von FcGammaRIV in Milz, Lunge, Darm, Niere und Leber, während in den Lk nur eine schwache und in Thymus und Peyer-Plaques keine Expression detektiert werden konnte. Innerhalb der Milz konnten erstmalig F4/80hoch Makrophagen als FcGammaRIV+ identifiziert und somit als potenzielle Effektorzellen der CD4 TZD bestimmt werden. Der direkte Vergleich der Depletion von CD4+ T-Zellen mit der Depletion von ICOS+ T-Zellen verdeutlichte darüber hinaus, dass die Effizienz der Zelldepletion nicht nur von den Eigenschaften des verwendeten mAk, sondern auch von denen des Zielmoleküls abhängig ist. / Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are efficiently used for the therapeutic depletion of various cells in vivo yet the mechanisms of depletion are still unclear. In this work, the molecular principles of CD4+ T cell depletion (CD4 Tcd) by a single application of 100 µg of the anti-CD4 mAb YTS191.1.1 were investigated in the mouse. A strong correlation between the depletion and the surface modulation of the CD4 molecule could be observed. At the same time, organ-dependent differences in the kinetics as well as in the efficiency of depletion could be detected. In the thymus, neither modulation nor depletion were detectable. In the spleen and the lymph nodes (Ln), the modulation was strong and the depletion was maximal (80-90%) 48 h after mAb treatment. Interestingly, both modulation and depletion were decreased and delayed (50-60% after 72 h) in the Peyer`s patches. By using C3-deficient mice, no major contribution of complement to the CD4 Tcd was seen. On the contrary, with the help of different FcGamma-receptor (FcGammaR)-deficient mice (FcGammaRI, FcGammaRII, FcGammaRIII, FcGammaRI/III, and FcRGamma) and through the blockade of FcGammaRIV, a strong organ dependent involvement of FcGammaR could be shown. While the depletion in the spleen was clearly dependent on FcGammaRIV, in the Ln and the Peyer`s patches, FcGammaRI/III were involved. These findings correlated with the strong expression of FcGammaRIV in the spleen, the lung, the colon, the kidney, and the liver, while in the Ln the expression was weak and undetectable in the thymus and the Peyer`s patches. For the first time, F4/80high macrophages in the spleen could be identified as also being FcGammaRIV+, and are therfore considered as the potential effector cells of the CD4 Tcd. The direct comparison of the depletion of T cells via CD4 or ICOS pointed out that the target cell depletion is not only dependent on the properties of the mAb used, but also on those of the target molecule.