Cette thèse s’intéresse aux effets d’une politique publique visant à améliorer les résultats du système éducatif français, en mobilisant certains concepts et démarches de la sociologie pragmatique et de la sociologie de la traduction. Ce projet d’amélioration s’est traduit par le dispositif « Plus de maîtres que de classes » en primaire, dans lequel le travail à plusieurs est prescrit. En effet, ce dispositif permet l’affectation d’un maître supplémentaire dans des écoles où les difficultés scolaires des élèves persistent. L’enquête sur les effets sur le travail des enseignants repose sur une approche ethnographique, avec une présence prolongée sur le terrain, permettant la réalisation de monographies sur trois écoles aux caractéristiques socio-démographiques contrastées. Nous avons étudié les modalités et effets des traductions du dispositif pour comprendre comment le travail à plusieurs enseignants au sein d’une même classe se met en place, s’organise et ses effets sur l’activité elle-même. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que le travail à plusieurs peut être un levier de professionnalisation des enseignants et d’évolution de leur professionnalité, par une intensification des échanges sur les apprentissages des élèves, par un renforcement du travail collectif, par le regard réciproque sur le travail de chacun, etc. malgré une hétérogénéité des façons de traduire, concevoir et mettre en œuvre les modalités de ce dispositif. Les enseignants justifient leur manière de faire selon plusieurs principes de justice (égalité, efficacité, tradition, etc.) qu’ils mobilisent au gré des situations, laissant voir un monde professionnel dominé par le pragmatisme et fondé sur une hybridité des principes de justice. Les nouvelles organisations pédagogiques rendues possibles par ce dispositif font émerger une nouvelle division du travail éducatif qui interroge les identités professionnelles des enseignants et pose la question de l’émergence d’un nouveau métier, celui de maître supplémentaire. Finalement, l’exemple de ce dispositif montre un processus de professionnalisation et de développement de la professionnalité par un travail à plusieurs sous conditions : les modalités d’interprétation et d’adaptation des acteurs aux injonctions et aux spécificités de leur environnement, l’adoption ou non de principes de justice partagés en fonction de ce qu’ils considèrent juste pour agir et un poids de certains critères socio-démographiques sur le réel de l’activité en faveur d’un travail à plusieurs. À l’inverse, le travail à plusieurs peut aussi entraîner un sentiment de déprofessionnalisation chez les enseignants du fait d’une baisse de leur autonomie et des évolutions de leur travail. / The research used in this thesis considers the effects of a public policy that aims at improving the French educational system by mobilizing concepts and approaches that come from both pragmatic sociology and sociology of translation. This improvement project is embodied in elementary school in the “Plus de maîtres que de classes” plan, which prescribes collective work. Indeed, the plan enables the assignation of an additional teacher where pupils have persisting schooling difficulties. The enquiry on teachers’ work effects is based on an ethnographic approach, with a prolonged presence in the field that has enabled us to create monographs for three contrasted socio-demographic schools. We examined modalities and effects of the plan to understand how teachers’ collective work within a single classroom is implemented, structured and how it affects the job itself. Results of that research show that collective work can be a lever for the professionalization of teachers as well as for the evolution of their professionalism through an intensification of exchanges related to student learning, a reinforcement of collective work, and the different perspectives on each other’s work, etc. regardless of the many ways one can express, perceive and implement modalities of this plan.Teachers explain their way of proceeding according to several principles of justice (equality, efficiency, tradition, etc.) that they mobilize in any given situation, resulting in a professional world dominated by pragmatism and based on the hybridity of principles of justice. New pedagogical organizations enabled by this plan have created a new division of educational tasks that questions teacher’s professional identity as well as the emergence of a new occupation, the additional teacher.Finally, this plan shows a professionalization process and a professionalism development through a collective work under certain conditions: techniques of interpretation and operators’ adaptation to the injunctions as well as to the specifics of their environment, whether or not to adopt shared principles of justice according to what they consider fair for the common welfare and the weight of certain socio-demographic criteria on the profession in favor of collective work. On the contrary, collective work can also lead to the teachers feeling that they are being de-professionalized because of a reduced autonomy and also because of the evolution of their profession.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-10T17:45:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaRocha.pdf: 1519020 bytes, checksum: 456d20b58d63a95b91b492872bb862a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T17:45:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaRocha.pdf: 1519020 bytes, checksum: 456d20b58d63a95b91b492872bb862a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-07 / This dissertation, entitled “Study on the effects of IFMA’s expansion on work and health of its teachers”, aimed to analyze the challenges of the professional education expansion and its repercussions on work and health of Instituto Federal do Maranhão’s teachers. The research was conducted in the oldest campus of the Institute, campus São Luís – Monte Castelo – where it ran the headquarters and originated the rectory – for being one of the most diversified campuses as to the teachers community, enabling the contact between old and new teachers, coming from inland campuses or not, in addition to Magisterium in Higher Education teachers, a career that is no longer considered in new courses, since that the new teachers are employed through the unified career of Magisterium in Basic, Technic and Technologic Education. It was observed a tendency to the intensification of work through extenuating conditions as one of the educational reform for the teachers work repercussions, impacting heavily in these professionals health. This study started from the vision of the psychodynamics of work, which recognizes the important role that work has on the subject’s life, helping, even in its identity constitution. The psychodynamics of work focus its analysis on the complex relationship between man and work, beyond the notion of illness, recognizing work, at the same time, as source of suffering and pleasure. With this research, the objective was to analyze the relationship pleasure/suffering in teacher’s work; verify the differences in the sense of work between teachers that were hired before and after the law 11.892/08; and verify the relationship between the expectations of teachers when they get to the Institute and the reality lived. / Esta dissertação, intitulada “Estudo sobre os efeitos da expansão do IFMA no trabalho e na saúde de seus docentes”, buscou analisar os desafios da expansão da educação profissional e suas repercussões no trabalho e na saúde dos docentes do Instituto Federal do Maranhão. A pesquisa foi realizada no campus mais antigo do Instituto, o campus São Luís – Monte castelo – onde funcionou a sede e de onde foi originada a Reitoria – por ser um dos campi com maior diversidade no que diz respeito à comunidade docente, possibilitando o contato com professores antigos e novos, oriundos ou não de campi do interior, além de professores do Magistério do Ensino Superior, carreira que não é mais considerada em novos concursos, visto que os novos professores são admitidos pela carreira unificada de Magistério do Ensino Básico, Técnico e Tecnológico. Observou-se uma tendência para a intensificação do trabalho a partir de condições extenuantes como uma das repercussões das reformas educacionais para o trabalho docente, impactando fortemente na saúde desses profissionais. Este estudo partiu da visão da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, que reconhece o importante papel que o trabalho exerce sobre a vida do sujeito, contribuindo, inclusive, na constituição de sua identidade. A Psicodinâmica do Trabalho centra sua análise na complexa relação do homem com o trabalho, ultrapassando a noção do adoecimento, reconhecendo o trabalho, ao mesmo tempo, como fonte de sofrimento e de prazer. Com esta pesquisa, objetivou-se analisar a relação prazer/sofrimento no trabalho dos professores; verificar as diferenças de sentidos do trabalho entre professores que foram contratados antes e depois da lei 11.892/08; e verificar a relação entre as expectativas dos professores quando da entrada no Instituto e a realidade vivenciada.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as novas dinâmicas que se estabelecem no trabalho docente a partir da inserção de programas de intervenção pedagógica. O trabalho também tem como objetivo examinar os âmbitos macro e microssociais para a compreensão da complexa relação existente desde a elaboração de uma determinada política pública até sua implementação. A investigação foi construída a partir do entendimento do Estado gerencialista, contexto no qual se insere a política de adoção de programas de intervenção pedagógica. Há um breve panorama histórico mundial e do contexto brasileiro, no qual se trata sobre a reestruturação do estado e as principais mudanças que passaram a existir em relação às políticas educacionais, examinando, de forma especial, a inserção da lógica do mercado na educação. O estudo conta com um exame atento do trabalho docente e das implicações que o Estado gerencialista trouxe para o exercício das professoras em sala de aula, analisando, principalmente, questões como controle, intensificação, desqualificação e requalificação. O conceito de ciclo de políticas acompanha a dissertação e é peça fundamental, pois é através dele é examinada a relação entre os contextos macro e microssociais. Tendo em vista o conceito de ciclo de políticas, houve a opção por examinar documentos do Instituto Alfa e Beto – instituição cuja metodologia havia sido adotada nas escolas estudadas –, documentos da Secretaria de Educação do Rio Grande do Sul durante o Governo Yeda Crusius (2007-2010) e a realização de entrevistas com pessoas ligadas ao Instituto Alfa e Beto e à SEC. Tais opções visaram a compreensão do contexto de influência e do contexto da produção de texto. Para a análise do contexto da prática foram feitas entrevistas com professoras, supervisoras e diretores das escolas estudadas e observações nas salas de aula. Os dados obtidos permitem verificar algumas das novas dinâmicas que se estabeleceram no trabalho docente quando da implementação de programas de intervenção pedagógica, apontando para o estabelecimento de uma nova concepção de trabalho docente, escola e educação a partir dessa política pública. / The present thesis aims at analyzing the new dynamics that settled in teacher’s work from the placing of pedagogical intervention programs. It also intends to look at the macro and micro social scopes for understanding the complex relationship from the formulation of a given public policy to its implementation. This research was built from the understanding of the managerialist State, in which the policy of pedagogical intervention programs adoption is a practice. This study also presents a brief overview of world history and the Brazilian context, in which the restructuring of the State and the main changes that have come to exist in relation to educational policies are stated, examining, in particular, the insertion of market logic in education. Moreover, it relies on a close examination of teacher’s work and the implications that the managerialist State brought to the practice of teachers in the classroom, analyzing mainly issues like control, intensification, disqualification and re-qualification. The concept of policy cycle underlies this thesis and is a vital piece, because it is through this concept that the relationship between the micro and macro social contexts is analyzed. In view of the concept of policy cycle, there was the option for researching documents from the Alfa e Beto Insitute – institution whose methodology had been adopted in schools studied –, and documents from the Education Secretariat of the Rio Grande do Sul during the Yeda Crusius Government (2007-2010) as well as conducting interviews with people connected to the Alfa e Beto Insitute and to SEC (Culture and Education Secretariat). Such options sought the understanding of the context of influence and the context of text production. And also, interviews with teachers, school directors and supervisors from the schools researched were made for the analysis of the context of practice. The data obtained allow to verify some of the new dynamics that were settled in teacher’s work when implementing pedagogical intervention programs, indicating the establishment of a new conception of teacher’s work, school and education from this public policy.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as novas dinâmicas que se estabelecem no trabalho docente a partir da inserção de programas de intervenção pedagógica. O trabalho também tem como objetivo examinar os âmbitos macro e microssociais para a compreensão da complexa relação existente desde a elaboração de uma determinada política pública até sua implementação. A investigação foi construída a partir do entendimento do Estado gerencialista, contexto no qual se insere a política de adoção de programas de intervenção pedagógica. Há um breve panorama histórico mundial e do contexto brasileiro, no qual se trata sobre a reestruturação do estado e as principais mudanças que passaram a existir em relação às políticas educacionais, examinando, de forma especial, a inserção da lógica do mercado na educação. O estudo conta com um exame atento do trabalho docente e das implicações que o Estado gerencialista trouxe para o exercício das professoras em sala de aula, analisando, principalmente, questões como controle, intensificação, desqualificação e requalificação. O conceito de ciclo de políticas acompanha a dissertação e é peça fundamental, pois é através dele é examinada a relação entre os contextos macro e microssociais. Tendo em vista o conceito de ciclo de políticas, houve a opção por examinar documentos do Instituto Alfa e Beto – instituição cuja metodologia havia sido adotada nas escolas estudadas –, documentos da Secretaria de Educação do Rio Grande do Sul durante o Governo Yeda Crusius (2007-2010) e a realização de entrevistas com pessoas ligadas ao Instituto Alfa e Beto e à SEC. Tais opções visaram a compreensão do contexto de influência e do contexto da produção de texto. Para a análise do contexto da prática foram feitas entrevistas com professoras, supervisoras e diretores das escolas estudadas e observações nas salas de aula. Os dados obtidos permitem verificar algumas das novas dinâmicas que se estabeleceram no trabalho docente quando da implementação de programas de intervenção pedagógica, apontando para o estabelecimento de uma nova concepção de trabalho docente, escola e educação a partir dessa política pública. / The present thesis aims at analyzing the new dynamics that settled in teacher’s work from the placing of pedagogical intervention programs. It also intends to look at the macro and micro social scopes for understanding the complex relationship from the formulation of a given public policy to its implementation. This research was built from the understanding of the managerialist State, in which the policy of pedagogical intervention programs adoption is a practice. This study also presents a brief overview of world history and the Brazilian context, in which the restructuring of the State and the main changes that have come to exist in relation to educational policies are stated, examining, in particular, the insertion of market logic in education. Moreover, it relies on a close examination of teacher’s work and the implications that the managerialist State brought to the practice of teachers in the classroom, analyzing mainly issues like control, intensification, disqualification and re-qualification. The concept of policy cycle underlies this thesis and is a vital piece, because it is through this concept that the relationship between the micro and macro social contexts is analyzed. In view of the concept of policy cycle, there was the option for researching documents from the Alfa e Beto Insitute – institution whose methodology had been adopted in schools studied –, and documents from the Education Secretariat of the Rio Grande do Sul during the Yeda Crusius Government (2007-2010) as well as conducting interviews with people connected to the Alfa e Beto Insitute and to SEC (Culture and Education Secretariat). Such options sought the understanding of the context of influence and the context of text production. And also, interviews with teachers, school directors and supervisors from the schools researched were made for the analysis of the context of practice. The data obtained allow to verify some of the new dynamics that were settled in teacher’s work when implementing pedagogical intervention programs, indicating the establishment of a new conception of teacher’s work, school and education from this public policy.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as novas dinâmicas que se estabelecem no trabalho docente a partir da inserção de programas de intervenção pedagógica. O trabalho também tem como objetivo examinar os âmbitos macro e microssociais para a compreensão da complexa relação existente desde a elaboração de uma determinada política pública até sua implementação. A investigação foi construída a partir do entendimento do Estado gerencialista, contexto no qual se insere a política de adoção de programas de intervenção pedagógica. Há um breve panorama histórico mundial e do contexto brasileiro, no qual se trata sobre a reestruturação do estado e as principais mudanças que passaram a existir em relação às políticas educacionais, examinando, de forma especial, a inserção da lógica do mercado na educação. O estudo conta com um exame atento do trabalho docente e das implicações que o Estado gerencialista trouxe para o exercício das professoras em sala de aula, analisando, principalmente, questões como controle, intensificação, desqualificação e requalificação. O conceito de ciclo de políticas acompanha a dissertação e é peça fundamental, pois é através dele é examinada a relação entre os contextos macro e microssociais. Tendo em vista o conceito de ciclo de políticas, houve a opção por examinar documentos do Instituto Alfa e Beto – instituição cuja metodologia havia sido adotada nas escolas estudadas –, documentos da Secretaria de Educação do Rio Grande do Sul durante o Governo Yeda Crusius (2007-2010) e a realização de entrevistas com pessoas ligadas ao Instituto Alfa e Beto e à SEC. Tais opções visaram a compreensão do contexto de influência e do contexto da produção de texto. Para a análise do contexto da prática foram feitas entrevistas com professoras, supervisoras e diretores das escolas estudadas e observações nas salas de aula. Os dados obtidos permitem verificar algumas das novas dinâmicas que se estabeleceram no trabalho docente quando da implementação de programas de intervenção pedagógica, apontando para o estabelecimento de uma nova concepção de trabalho docente, escola e educação a partir dessa política pública. / The present thesis aims at analyzing the new dynamics that settled in teacher’s work from the placing of pedagogical intervention programs. It also intends to look at the macro and micro social scopes for understanding the complex relationship from the formulation of a given public policy to its implementation. This research was built from the understanding of the managerialist State, in which the policy of pedagogical intervention programs adoption is a practice. This study also presents a brief overview of world history and the Brazilian context, in which the restructuring of the State and the main changes that have come to exist in relation to educational policies are stated, examining, in particular, the insertion of market logic in education. Moreover, it relies on a close examination of teacher’s work and the implications that the managerialist State brought to the practice of teachers in the classroom, analyzing mainly issues like control, intensification, disqualification and re-qualification. The concept of policy cycle underlies this thesis and is a vital piece, because it is through this concept that the relationship between the micro and macro social contexts is analyzed. In view of the concept of policy cycle, there was the option for researching documents from the Alfa e Beto Insitute – institution whose methodology had been adopted in schools studied –, and documents from the Education Secretariat of the Rio Grande do Sul during the Yeda Crusius Government (2007-2010) as well as conducting interviews with people connected to the Alfa e Beto Insitute and to SEC (Culture and Education Secretariat). Such options sought the understanding of the context of influence and the context of text production. And also, interviews with teachers, school directors and supervisors from the schools researched were made for the analysis of the context of practice. The data obtained allow to verify some of the new dynamics that were settled in teacher’s work when implementing pedagogical intervention programs, indicating the establishment of a new conception of teacher’s work, school and education from this public policy.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-10T14:51:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Ivanir Maria Pfeffer.pdf: 1013263 bytes, checksum: 172119bb4d5cee4446caa4cef6db0fa4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T14:51:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ivanir Maria Pfeffer.pdf: 1013263 bytes, checksum: 172119bb4d5cee4446caa4cef6db0fa4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-10 / This research is about the scientific knowledge (science), which is identified as instrument of the teacher's work. Firstly the study followed the reflection s coming from students approved by some members of Class Council, who belong to the “Colégio Estadual Wilson Joffre – Ensino Fundamental, Médio, Normal e Profissional”, which was developed in the “Programa de Desenvolvimento Educacional”. This way, by cont inuing the study it was understood that the Class Council constitutes a stage of a process involving scientific knowledge expressed in the teacher's work, in the relationship between teacher and student, between the processes of teaching and learning. The n , we realized that the goal of the study was to investigate the scientific knowledge while teacher’s work instrument. So, it was necessary to understand how the knowledge is processed in humans as well, reconsider the work of those involved in this process over space and school time, and elucidate the reasons behind the fact that for so many students the acquisition of knowledge transmitted by teachers does not get to that proposed. In order to develop the problem it was necessary to use the theoretical res earch in primary and secondary sources. It was concluded that school, teacher, student and knowledge result in concrete and imbricate situations the system of production and in the class antagonisms, which makes that teacher teach that student appropriates knowledge, and which embraces knowledge as a social good that should be available in terms of quality and equality for all and emphasized the work with knowledge in a dialectical logic that allows it demonstrate, understand and deal with the reality in di fferent dimensions. / Esta pesquisa reflete sobre o conhecimento científico (ciência), que no decurso do texto é identificado como instrumento de trabalho do professor. Inicialmente a investigação residia na continuidade das reflexões decorrentes da aprovação dos alunos pelos membros do Conselho de Classe, no Colégio Estadual Wilson Joffre – Ensino Fundamental, Médio, Normal e Profissional que foi desenvolvido no Programa de Desenvolvimento Educacional. Entretanto, prosseguindo compreendeu - se que a problemática extrapolava a deliberação dos Conselheiros, pois o Conselho de Classe constitui - se em uma etapa de um processo que envolve o conhecimento científico expresso no trabalho do professor, nas relações entre professor e aluno, entre os processos de ensinar e de aprender. Desta forma, percebeu - se que o objetivo do estudo consistia em investigar o co nhecimento científico enquanto instrumento de trabalho do professor. Para isso, fez - se necessário compreender como o conhecimento se processa no ser humano bem como, repensar o trabalho dos envolvidos nesse processo no espaço e tempo escolar, e elucidar as razões subjacentes ao fato de que para muitos alunos a apropriação dos conhecimentos transmitidos pelos professores não chega ao proposto. Para desvendar a problemática elaborou - se pesquisa teórica em fontes primárias e secundárias. Conclui - se que escola, professor, aluno e conhecimentos resultam de situações concretas imbricados no sistema de produção e nos antagonismos das classes, o que dificulta que professor ensine, que aluno se aproprie do conhecimento, e que se abarque o conhecimento como um bem soc ial que deveria ser disponibilizado em condições de qualidade e igualdade para todos e enfatiza - se o trabalho com o conhecimento sob a lógica dialética por que ela permite demonstrar, compreender e lidar com a realidade nas mais diferentes dimensões.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-17T18:58:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Nathália da Silva de Oliveira.pdf: 8353115 bytes, checksum: a9352f19431f7a80cf6082f7fdd12354 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-29T16:47:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Nathália da Silva de Oliveira.pdf: 8353115 bytes, checksum: a9352f19431f7a80cf6082f7fdd12354 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T16:47:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Nathália da Silva de Oliveira.pdf: 8353115 bytes, checksum: a9352f19431f7a80cf6082f7fdd12354 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa teve como foco de análise o Programa Rio Criança Global (PRCG) criado, em 2009, pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SME/RJ) em “parceria” com o curso de idiomas Cultura Inglesa, uma instituição que oferece serviços privados. Esses serviços não passam por nenhuma fiscalização específica e/ou avaliação, nem são regulados pelo Ministério da Educação. Nesta parceria entre setor público e privado, a Cultura Inglesa responde pela seleção de professores em concurso público e pelo acompanhamento pedagógico (“revitalizações”) dos docentes. Sua editora, a Learning Factory, publica o material didático utilizado nas escolas, apesar de a SME/RJ ser signatária do termo de adesão ao Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) e receber as coleções didáticas compradas pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE). Desta forma, esta pesquisa buscou responder às seguintes questões: Como se faz possível dentro de uma rede pública a presença de um programa estabelecido em associação com um curso de idiomas privado? O PRCG contempla princípios e práticas pedagógicas previstos na legislação educacional brasileira? A coleção didática Interaction ED (Manual do professor e Livro do aluno) contempla as exigências do PNLD, especificamente o PNLD Língua estrangeira - anos finais do Ensino Fundamental? A partir dessas perguntas que nortearam nossa análise, foram nossos objetivos: (a) reunir informações acerca do contexto em que se insere o PRCG; (b) conhecer os textos legais que dão sustentação ao programa; (c) verificar como o PRCG se adequa a princípios e práticas pedagógicas garantidas na legislação educacional brasileira em vigor; (d) analisar a partir de critérios estabelecidos pelo PNLD o Manual do professor e (e) identificar, do ponto de vista discursivo-enunciativo, como se estabelece a interação enunciador do livro didático (LD) e coenunciadores professor e aluno na coleção Interaction ED. Nossa vinculação acadêmica considera saberes diversos, escolhas feitas pelo pesquisador e pauta-se numa concepção de Linguística Aplicada que visa responder a demandas advindas do social. Na área dos estudos da linguagem, recorre a pressupostos teóricos da Análise do Discurso de base enunciativa e às categorias de prática discursiva (FOUCAULT 2014a, 2014b; MAINGUENEAU, 1997, 2008a, 2008b) e cenografia discursiva (MAINGUENEAU, 1997, 2008a, 2008b). Os resultados da análise da coleção didática identificam uma cenografia discursiva instituída por: uma locução discursiva na qual o enunciador regula as possibilidades de dizer dos coenunciadores aluno e professor; uma topografia de um espaço escolar delimitado por práticas controladas e descontextualizadas; e uma cronografia da imutabilidade. As conclusões do estudo remetem a um ensino-aprendizagem instrucional, comum a uma concepção de educação como serviço pedagógico que se distancia de princípios e práticas pedagógicas previstas pela atual legislação educacional brasileira / The present research has focused on the Rio Criança Global Program (PRCG) created in 2009 by the Municipal Secretariat of Education in Rio de Janeiro (SME/RJ) in partnership with the language school Cultura Inglesa, an institution that offers private services. These services do not undergo any specific monitoring or evaluation nor are they regulated by the Ministry of Education. In this partnership between public and private sectors, Cultura Inglesa responds for the selection of teachers in public tender and the pedagogical training and pedagogical mentoring (retraining) of the teaching staff. Their publishing house, Learning Factory, publishes the pedagogical materials used in schools, despite the SME/RJ being signatory of the term of adhesion to the Textbook National Program (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático-PNLD) and receiving the pedagogical textbooks bought by the National Fund of Education Development (Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação-FNDE). In his manner, this research has been aimed at answering the following questions: How is it possible that we find the presence of a program -which is established in association with a private language school- within a public context? Does the PRCG comprehend the principles and pedagogical practices established by the Brazilian Educational Legislation? Does the Interaction-ED didactic collection, including the teacher and student materials comprehend the demands required by PNLD, especially the foreign language PNLD for the final years of basic education? Starting off from these questions which have directed our analysis our goals have been: (a) to gather information on the context in which the PRCG is inserted; (b) to grasp the legal texts which maintain the program; (c) to monitor how the PRCG adapts to principles and pedagogical practices assured by the current Brazilian legislation; (d) to analyze –based on criteria established by the PNLD- the teacher’s manual and identify, from the enunciative-discursive point of view, how an interaction is established between textbook enunciator and coenunciators (teacher and students) in the Interaction ED collection. Our academic entailment considers several forms of knowledge, it focuses on choices made by the researcher and is grounded on a concept of Applied Linguistics which aims to respond to socially emerged demands. In the area of Language Studies, this research resorts to the Discourse Analysis of theoretical assumptions of enunciative basis and to the categories of discursive practice (FOUCAULT, 2014a, 2014b; MAINGUENEAU, 1997, 2008a, 2008b) and discursive scenery (MAINGUENEAU, 1997, 2008a, 2008b). The results of the didactic collection identify discursive scenery instituted by: a discursive speech in which the enunciator regulates the possibilities of affirming, of the coenunciators teacher and student; a topography of a school space limited by controlled and non contextualized practices, and a chronography of immutability. The conclusions of this study refer to an instructional teaching-learning process, common to a concept of education as a pedagogical service which pulls away from principles and pedagogical practices required by the current Brazilian educational legislation

Depuis les années 1990, la formation des enseignants français et québécois a évolué au rythme des réformes et du mouvement de professionnalisation de l’enseignement (Malet, 2010). La France et le Québec n’ont pas opté pour les mêmes configurations de leurs programmes de formation. La formation à l’enseignement est plus longue au Québec qu’en France et correspond à un diplôme de premier cycle universitaire. Cependant, dans un pays comme dans l’autre, l’insertion professionnelle fait naître chez les nouveaux enseignants un sentiment de manque de préparation au métier (Broccolichi et al., 2018 ; Borges et al., 2021). Cette thèse s’intéresse à cette période particulière de la carrière enseignante qu’est l’insertion professionnelle et, plus particulièrement, aux apprentissages propres aux relations avec les élèves qui s’effectuent à cette période. La maîtrise de ces relations est aujourd’hui une condition indispensable pour pouvoir « faire la classe » (Barrère, 2002). À partir d’une analyse sous le prisme de la sociologie du travail enseignant, de la sociologie de l’expérience mais aussi de concepts plus proches des sciences de l’éducation tels que les « savoirs pour enseigner », le « développement professionnel » ou encore « l’apprentissage par l’expérience », cette recherche permet d’articuler des objets qui jusque-là ont plutôt été analysés séparément : la formation initiale, l’entrée dans le métier, la formation continue et les difficultés du travail enseignant. Ce travail repose sur l’analyse d’entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès d’enseignants québécois et d’enseignants français. Les résultats mettent en avant les épreuves relationnelles que les enseignants rencontrent lorsqu’ils débutent dans le métier ainsi que les stratégies qu’ils mobilisent afin de leur faire face. Ils montrent que les enseignants débutants s’appuient sur des ressources telles que la formation, la division du travail éducatif, les collègues ou encore les parents d’élèves. Enfin, ces enseignants sont présentés comme étant détenteurs de connaissances relationnelles constituées à la fois de connaissances sur les élèves et de connaissances sur eux-mêmes en situation d’interaction en classe. Cette thèse ouvre trois axes de réflexion. Premièrement, le manque de formalisation de l’interaction avec autrui est ce qui fait frein à la professionnalisation des métiers de la relation (Demailly, 2008). La réflexion autour de l’objection d’un « savoir relationnel » détenu par les enseignants chevronnés et transmis de génération en génération a donc été amorcée. Deuxièmement, l’approche comparée a permis de mettre en avant le poids de l’organisation scolaire et des choix politiques en matière de formation sur l’apprentissage de la dimension relationnelle du métier. Une réflexion sur les contenus des formations à l’enseignement mais aussi sur leur organisation a donc été proposée. Troisièmement, cette recherche propose une réflexion théorique et pratique sur les relations entre enseignants et élèves. L’injonction à l’individualisation n’a pas été couplée avec une réorganisation des espaces scolaires et du travail des enseignants. Par conséquent, il semble aujourd’hui difficile de considérer ces relations comme étant individualisées. / Since the 1990s, the education and training of French and Quebecois teachers has evolved in line with educational reforms and the professionalization movement in teaching (Malet, 2010). France and Quebec have not adopted the same configurations for their initial teacher education (ITE) programs. ITE in Quebec is longer than in France and corresponds to an undergraduate degree. However, in both countries, new teachers experience a sense of unpreparedness for the profession during their induction years (Broccolichi et al., 2018; Borges et al., 2021). This thesis focuses on a specific period in teachers' careers, namely professional induction, and particularly on the learning related to relationships with students during this time. Mastery of these relationships is now an essential condition for being able to "manage the classroom" (Barrère, 2002). Through an analysis under the lenses of the sociology of teachers’ work, the sociology of experience, and concepts closer to educational sciences such as "knowledge for teaching," "professional development," and "experiential learning" this research allows for the integration of objects that have hitherto been analyzed separately: initial teacher education, entry into the profession, continuous professional development, and the challenges of teaching. This work is based on the thematic analysis of semi structured interview conducted with Quebecois and French teachers. The results highlight the relational challenges that teachers face when starting their careers, as well as the strategies they employ to address them. They demonstrate that novice teachers rely on resources such as training, the division of educational labor, colleagues, and even students’ parents. Finally, these teachers are presented as possessors of relational knowledge composed of both knowledge about students and self-awareness in interactive classroom situations. This thesis introduces three areas of reflection. Firstly, the lack of formalization of interaction with others hinders the professionalization of relational professions (Demailly, 2008). The discussion around the notion of "relational knowledge" held by experienced teachers and transmitted from generation to generation has thus been initiated. Secondly, the comparative approach has highlighted the influence of school organization and political choices regarding training on the learning of the relational dimension of the profession. Reflection on the content and organization of teacher education programs has therefore been proposed. Thirdly, this research offers a theoretical and practical reflection on relationships between teachers and students. The call for individualization has not been coupled with a reorganization of school spaces and teachers' work. Therefore, considering these relationships as individualized appears challenging today.