The purpose of this study is to examine some aspects the Parent Teacher Association through designing a questionnaire, administering it to individuals involved to some degree in the organization, evaluating the data received, and then making knowledgeable observations about it. The specific aspects to be examined are its role and its communication of goals and programs as seen by several groups. Although the scope is limited to the Texas PTA, attitudes toward PTA in general are reflected in the responses.

This thesis intends to explore the relationship between teachers¡¦understanding of the missions and roles of the Teachers¡¦Association and their degree of participation in Kaohsiung County. It aims to: (1) analyze the teachers¡¦ understanding of the missions of the Teachers¡¦ Association.(2) analyze teachers¡¦ understanding of the role of the Teachers¡¦ Association .(3) explore the relationships between teachers¡¦ understanding of the missions of the Teachers¡¦ Association and their degrees of participation .(4) explore the relationship between teachers¡¦ understanding of the role of the Teachers¡¦Association and their degrees of participation. ¡@ To fulfill these purposes, two strategies are employed: issuing questionnaires and holding interviews.The first step is to collect the effective specimen of 472 teachers came from different schools and one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the difference that teachers with different background work on the teacher Association. At the same time, I analyze the Teachers¡¦understandings on the missions of the Teacher Association and roles were further analyzed by multiple regression analysis. From the different understanding, we can forcast the degree of the Participation in Association. The second step is according to obvious survey results from the first step, to design a five half-structured interview survey. I will interview the teachers with various backgrounds. ¡@¡@The results show: first, teachers have very good understanding of the missions and roles of the Teachers¡¦ Association; second, teachers¡¦ degree of participation depends on the content of the activities; third, the perception of retaining the teachers¡¦ dignity and promoting their profession varies between different sexes; fourth, teachers with administrative positions or not also differ in their perception in striving for teachers¡¦ rights and influencing educational policies; fifth, a teacher¡¦s seniority affects his perception in striving for teachers¡¦ rights and influencing educational policies; sixth, the location of schools affects teachers¡¦ perception in influencing educational policies; seventh, different sexes also vary in their perception in legal, professional, and supervising organizations; eighth, a teacher¡¦s perception in a professional organization is associated with the scale of a school serving; ninth, the perception in autonomous and supervising organizations differs between teachers with administrative positions and teachers without¡Ftenth, a teacher¡¦s perception in autonomous organizations is related with his seniority¡Feleventh, a teacher¡¦s perception in autonomous organizations have something to do with the location of the school¡Ftwelfth¡Athe degree of a teacher¡¦s participation in the teachers¡¦organization can be best shown by their understanding of the services the Teachers¡¦ Association provides. According the above analysis outcome, I bring up five suggestions for a Teacher Association are given.

With the implementation of ¡§Representative Politics,¡¨ people¡¦s representatives have many out-of-control behaviors(i.e. throwing stuff, locking the door.... etc.). Such phenomena are frequently seen after Taiwan became a democratic country. Their disappointing behaviors distort people¡¦s thought on politicians. Therefore, people hope to amend the deficiency of ¡§Representative politics¡¨ by ¡§Referendum.¡¨ Referendum, based on ¡§Representative politics,¡¨ is the display of ¡§Direct democracy.¡¨ It is another way of displaying democracy when people¡¦s representatives fail to carry out people¡¦s will. Nowadays democratic countries around the world practice referendum to resolve important domestic issues, and so does Taiwan. The Legislative Yuan adopted ¡§Referendum law¡¨ in November 27th, 2003, which provides a basis for the people when practicing referendum. In November 15th, 2008, Kaohsiung Teacher Association held a referendum named ¡§small class referendum case of elementary and junior high school in Kaohsiung.¡¨ Based on the Referendum law and Local Referendum Self-government Act, it was the first eligible local referendum case proposed by local societies. Although it was finally vetoed because of a low turnout( lower than 50%), Kaohsiung City achieved much progress on the development of democracy. Using Literature Review Method and Inductive Method, this paper aims at researching case of local referendum, taking ¡§small class referendum case of elementary and junior high school in Kaohsiung ¡¨ for example. Through the basic principles of the administrative law, the administrative organization, the administrative limits of authority, the administrative relief and the administrative supervision, this paper analyzes issues related to the small class referendum case. Finally I conclude the development concept of Taiwan local referendum, providing some helpful advice for the government.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relations of the different channels of the (parent-teacher) association, the functions of the association, and the work that the thirteenth district of Texas is doing through its different channels.

The problem under consideration in this study is one having to do with an attempted analysis of the efficiency and worth of parent-teacher associations in the schools of North Texas.

The problem of this study is to analyze the reasons for attendance and lack of attendance at Parent-Teacher Association meetings of sixty selected parents of the Parent-Teacher Association in the Robert E. Lee School, Denton, Texas.

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-23T20:14:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMA.pdf: 9348264 bytes, checksum: 013715e883af69094e3c6e987887f8d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:32:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMA.pdf: 9348264 bytes, checksum: 013715e883af69094e3c6e987887f8d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:32:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMA.pdf: 9348264 bytes, checksum: 013715e883af69094e3c6e987887f8d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDMA.pdf: 9348264 bytes, checksum: 013715e883af69094e3c6e987887f8d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Não recebi financiamento / This study discusses the mediations and distinctions between association and teacher union, from the unionism phase to the formation of the teacher unions APEOC and SINDIUTE, in Ceará. In the early phase of unionism in the late 1970s, besides the appearance of union leaders, there was the presence of associative model in public school teachers’ movement in Ceará, in APEOC, an organization founded in the 1960s, a period that demarcated the effervescence of associations in secondary school teaching. By the end of the 1980s, with the decline of that model, in the midst of the conformation of the teacher union, two union tendencies set up, which soon after would dispute the leadership in the movement. After the 1988 Carta Magna, with the concession of the right the employees in the civil service have to self-organization, two unions were founded aiming to represent the same category: teachers and civil servants from state and municipal schools in Ceará, and they would have a political and legal dispute for space in the union movement. APEOC/Union, a substitute of the Association, defended the tendency on a propositional unionism. SINDIUTE, in turn, was founded under the speech which proclaimed the defense of a militant unionism. In the face of their singularities, in relation to the national scenario, this research’s main aim is to examine the mediations and distinctions between association and unionism, in the process of foundation of APEOC and SINDIUTE teacher unions. Until then, the association’s role, in the unionism phase, constituted a branch rarely addressed to the literature of the area. Besides, there were a few studies about the associative phase in Ceará. Thus, this study has the following specific aims: to analyze the quantitative aspects of the academic production about association and teacher unionism, as well as the approaches present in the area; to investigate traces of the teacher associative stage and the context of expansion of secondary education in Ceará, and also the educational reforms in the 1970s; to reflect on the formation of the union trends from the unionism to the foundation phase of APEOC and SINDIUTE teacher unions. The field research was one of the supports documentary research, since this allowed a rapprochement with the research object, through sources collected over the period investigated. Our analysis focused on the period between 1962 and 1992. The first one is justified by the fact that it represents the moment of emergence of secondary teachers’ associative movement, during the phase of expansion of secondary education, period when APEOC was founded, the year 1992, on the other hand, marks the foundation of SINDIUTE. During the data collection we interviewed 10 teachers who participated in the movement’s leadership, and 4 teachers who worked in secondary school in the 1960s. The survey also included data collection from public libraries located in the city of Fortaleza. The data analysis showed the importance of educational reforms, including the Reform of 1st and 2nd grades, and leftist movements, during the teacher association’s stage in Ceará. Despite the decline of associative model in teaching movement in the 1980s, its legacy influenced the unionism phase, not only in the configuration of union trends, but also in consolidating APEOC/Union, as one of the major organizations in the state of Ceará. / O presente estudo discute as mediações e distinções entre associativismo e sindicalismo docente, da fase de sindicalização à fundação dos sindicatos APEOC e SINDIUTE, no Ceará. No início da fase do sindicalismo, no final dos anos 1970, além do surgimento de lideranças sindicais, houve a presença, no movimento dos professores públicos cearenses, do modelo associativo, na APEOC, entidade fundada na década de 1960, período que demarcou a efervescência do associativismo no magistério secundarista. Nos idos dos anos 1980, com o declínio deste modelo, no bojo da conformação do sindicalismo docente, se configurou a presença de duas tendências sindicais, que passariam a disputar a liderança do movimento. Após a Carta Magna de 1988, com a concessão do direito à sindicalização ao funcionalismo público, houve a fundação de dois sindicatos, voltados a representar a mesma categoria: professores e servidores dos colégios estaduais e municipais cearenses e, que fariam uma disputa político-judicial, pelo espaço do movimento sindical. A APEOC/Sindicato, sucedânea da Associação, defendia no campo sindical a tendência do sindicalismo propositivo. O SINDIUTE, por sua vez, foi fundado sob a égide do discurso que apregoava a defesa do sindicalismo combativo. Diante de suas singularidades, em relação ao cenário nacional, o estudo delimitou como objetivo central, examinar as mediações e distinções entre associativismo e sindicalismo, no processo de fundação dos sindicatos APEOC e SINDIUTE. O papel do associativismo, na fase de sindicalização, constituía uma dimensão, até então, pouco abordada pela literatura na área. Além disso, havia carência de trabalhos sobre a fase associativa no Ceará. Desta forma, a pesquisa teve como objetivos específicos: analisar os aspectos quantitativos da produção acadêmica sobre associativismo e sindicalismo docente, bem como os enfoques presentes na área; investigar traços da fase associativa docente no Ceará, no contexto de expansão do ensino secundário cearense e das reformas educacionais nos anos 1970; refletir sobre a formação das tendências sindicais da fase de sindicalização à fundação dos sindicatos APEOC e SINDIUTE. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo bibliográfico/documental e de campo. A pesquisa de campo teve como um dos suportes a pesquisa documental, uma vez que esta possibilitou uma aproximação com o objeto de pesquisa, por intermédio das fontes coletadas sobre o período investigado. O corte temporal compreendeu o período entre, 1962 e 1992. O primeiro justifica-se em virtude de representar o momento de emergência do movimento associativo dos professores secundaristas, na fase de expansão do ensino secundário, período de surgimento da APEOC, sendo o ano de 1992 o marco da fundação do SINDIUTE. Na coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 10 professores que participaram da liderança do movimento, e 04 professores que atuaram no ensino secundário na década de 1960. A pesquisa também contou com levantamento de dados nas bibliotecas públicas, localizadas na cidade de Fortaleza. A análise dos dados mostrou a importância das reformas educacionais, incluindo a Reforma de 1o e 2o Graus, e dos movimentos de esquerda, na fase do associativismo docente no Ceará. Apesar do declínio do modelo associativo no movimento docente nos anos 1980, seu legado teve impacto na fase de sindicalização, não somente na configuração das tendências sindicais, mas também na consolidação da APEOC/Sindicato, como uma das principais entidades do Estado do Ceará.

Bullying is a pervasive and disruptive issue in the schools (Stockdale, Hanguduambo, Duys, Larson, & Sarvela, 2002). It has been shown to have serious negative consequences for students who are frequently targeted, including lower academic achievement, lower self-esteem, and more interpersonal problems in adulthood compared to their non-targeted peers (Eisenberg & Aalsma, 2005; Olweus & Limber, 1999; Rigby, 2003; Smokowski & Kopasz, 2005; Yoneyama & Rigby, 2006). However, when parents are engaged as active members of the school community, significant benefits accrue for children, educators, and parents. Such benefits include improved grades and test scores for students, greater job satisfaction among teachers, and decreased likelihood that children will be involved in bullying behaviors (Christenson, 1996; Spriggs, Iannotti, Nansel, & Haynie, 2007). Despite the important role parents play in their child's success in school, there is little research concerning parents' perceptions of bullying behaviors in schools. This research project surveyed parents in order to understand their perspectives regarding bullying prevalence, type, and intervention efforts taking place in schools. This was done through a survey administered at a statewide Parent Teacher Association Conference in Provo, Utah, in May 2008. Because attendees at the conference were assumed to be fairly involved in the local schools, the results of this study were expected to represent the perceptions of parents who are involved in the school community. The findings indicated that almost half (42.9–48.1%) of these parents are hearing their child report about verbal and relational bullying at least once a week. Parents noted that they are personally intervening in bullying situations approximately once each school year. Parents responded that they believe students are most at-risk for being bullied between classes, during break periods, and after school, as well as on the playground, on the school bus, and in the hallways, bathrooms, and school cafeteria. Overall, parents rated the most frequently used interventions as somewhat effective in combating bullying in their child's school. Such interventions included counseling or talking with the bully, suspension, and time-out for the bully following an incident.

本研究旨在瞭解臺北市國民中學家長會之運作現況，分析家長會參與學校事務、學校支援方面的認知與成效，再依據研究結果，提出建議，做為家長會運作之參考。 本研究方法為問卷調查法。研究對象為臺北市家長會成員。問卷回收後分別以描述統計，獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析等統計方法分析。根據研究結果將結論分析歸納如下： 一、臺北市國民中學家長會在會務推動方面受家長肯定，惟家長普遍對家長會功能認知有偏低現象。 二、臺北市國民中學家長會運作在校務參與方面最重視班級經營。 三、臺北市國民中學家長會願意協助學校發展，其中人力或財力為協助學校最直接且有利的方式。 四、臺北市國民中學家長會運作正常，具備組織與成效，且對學校教育效能有所助益。 五、臺北市國民中學家長在家長會的參與及運作時不受其背景變項影響。 最後，依據研究結論，提出幾點建議提供家長會、學校、主管教育行政機關及後續相關研究做參考。 / This study aims to understand where PTA (parent teacher associations of Taipei city’s junior high schools) stands, assessment of current operation and function and involvement regarding to the parents. Based upon the full analysis, we made suggestions for PTA. Questionnaires are given to respondents who were parents, splintered by groups for the sake of statistics of those samples. We have achieved the following conclusions: 1.Parents felt positive to PTA for pushing forward agenda, but had low comprehension as to PTA’s functions. 2.PTA in daily operation placed most importance was class operation. 3.Parents were willingly to support school, by means of most straight forward: either manpower or financial support. 4.PTA remained well operational, organized and efficient, which enhanced scholastic functions. 5.PTA were not affected by background of parents (income and social status, etc.) According to the research result, we had achieved the conclusions and would like to propose to PTA, schools, and the scholastic administrative unit for better understanding and further improvement.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Marcela Baccarat Teixeira Lino.pdf: 710878 bytes, checksum: ae5d141bd99601126618315668f94851 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study begins with the following question: what are the characteristics and actions / contributions of a Parent-Teacher Association (PTA), considered active by the school community, to the institution which is part? The dissertation therefore pursued the overall objective of studying the characteristics and contributions of an active PTA considered by the school community to the institution which is part and the following specific objectives: 1) identify the characteristics of a PTA, under the law, and the real characteristics of PTA studied. Studying what the school creates in relation to the functions of the PTA, according to their local organization and culture. To analyze the relationship between the characteristics legal / formal PTA with a non-formal and informal characteristics, 2) identify the existence of contributions of PTA studied from the standpoints of formal and informal, financial, educational process of students and participation of parents and community to school. Identify which actions are performed by the PTA and how they occur. Studying what aspects that favor or hinder such actions, and 3) examine whether the PTA studied has traits of democratic performance. The PTA is one of the collegiate school and aims to: assist in the improvement of the educational process, assist the student and integrate family-school-community. To answer the original question and the general and specific objectives, this investigation worked with the theoretical references: Lima (2008), Canario (2005) and Apple (2001). From Lima were utilized the concepts of mode of operation diptych of the school as an organization and the perspective neotaylorista in school administration. From Canario the concepts that helped in the production of analyzes were: school totality, school as an organization and not as administrative unit and school as form, organization and institution. From Apple was used the concept of democratic school. As a methodological procedure I chose a documentary and empirical research with a qualitative approach which included the study of national and Sao Paulo laws and monitoring the practice of a PTA considered active for a public state school in Sao Paulo, located in the state capital. The research consisted of visits to the institution for observation of PTA meetings and interviews with parents and school managers, members of the collegiate. The initial hypotheses of this research, which could be confirmed during the study, are presented with the results of the PTA operates in accordance with the school community, working more for non-formal and informal rules, established under the organization's own specific school, more than by formal, and, lastly, that the contributions / actions of PTA studied to school at different intensities occurred in the financial, educational process and participation of parents and the community / O presente estudo parte da seguinte questão: quais as características e ações/contribuições de uma Associação de Pais e Mestres (APM), considerada atuante pela comunidade escolar, para a escola da qual faz parte? A dissertação, portanto, perseguiu o objetivo geral de estudar as características e contribuições de uma APM considerada atuante pela comunidade escolar para a escola da qual faz parte e os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1) identificar as características de uma APM, segundo a legislação, e as características reais da APM estudada. Estudar o que a escola cria em relação às funções da APM, de acordo com sua organização local e cultura própria. Analisar a relação entre as características legais/formais de uma APM com as características não formais e informais da APM estudada; 2) identificar a existência de contribuições da APM estudada, do ponto de vista formal e informal, nas áreas financeira, processo educativo dos alunos e participação dos pais e da comunidade para a escola. Identificar quais são as ações realizadas pela APM e como elas ocorrem. Estudar quais os aspectos que favorecem ou impedem essas ações; e 3) analisar se a APM estudada possui traços de atuação democrática. A APM é um dos colegiados da escola e tem como objetivos: colaborar no aprimoramento do processo educacional, na assistência ao escolar e na integração família-escola-comunidade. Para responder à questão inicial e ao objetivo geral e aos específicos esta investigação trabalhou com os referenciais teóricos: Lima (2008), Canário (2005) e Apple (2001). De Lima foram estudados os conceitos de modo de funcionamento díptico da escola como organização e perspectiva neotaylorista na administração escolar. De Canário os conceitos que ajudaram na produção das análises foram: totalidade da escola, escola como organização e não como unidade administrativa e escola como forma, organização e instituição. De Apple foi usado o conceito de escola democrática. Como procedimento metodológico optou-se por uma pesquisa documental e empírica, com abordagem qualitativa a qual incluiu o estudo das leis nacionais e paulistas e o acompanhamento da prática de uma APM considerada atuante de uma escola estadual de São Paulo, localizada na capital paulista. A pesquisa da escola consistiu em visitas à instituição de ensino para observação das reuniões da APM e entrevistas com pais e gestor da escola, membros da instância participativa. As hipóteses iniciais desta pesquisa, as quais puderam ser comprovadas durante a pesquisa são apresentadas com os resultados de que a APM atuante de acordo com a comunidade escolar funcionou mais pelas regras informais e não formais, criadas no âmbito específico e próprio da organização escolar, do que pelas formais; e que as contribuições/ações da APM estudada para a escola ocorreram em intensidades diferentes nas áreas financeira, processo educativo e participação dos pais e da comunidade